• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2013

Spatial information of snow cover and depth distribution is a key component for snowmelt runoff modeling. Wide snow cover areas can be extracted from NOAA AVHRR or Terra MODIS satellite images. In this study eight sets of annual snow cover data (1997-2006) in two mountainous watersheds (A: Chungju-Dam and B: Soyanggang-Dam) were extracted using NOAA AVHRR images. The distribution of snow depth within the Snow Cover Area (SCA) was generated using snowfall data from ground meteorological observation stations. Snow depletion characteristics for the two watersheds were analyzed snow distribution time series data. The decreased pattern of SCA can be expressed as a logarithmic function; the determination coefficients were 0.62 and 0.68 for the A and B watersheds, respectively. The SCA decreased over 70% within 10 days from the time of maximum SCA.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.85-108
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• 2012

One of the ways to achieve the principle of equal access for equal needs, availability and geographical accessibility of health care resources regardless of resident sites is important. The purpose of this paper is to measure socioeconomic inequities in distribution of health care resources among regions in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea). Data were extracted from regional statistics of National Health Insurance, Community Health Survey, Korea Social Science Data Archive, and Korean Statistical Information Services at the same period of 2009. The dependent variables were the number of health workforce and health care facilities in each region. The proxy indicator of regional socioeconomic status was local tax per person. To identify whether inequalities among regions, we examined the concentration index(CI) and indirectly standardized CI by controlling each region's demographics and need factors. Total observations were 232 districts in nationwide, and we analyzed separately Seoul(25 districts) and non-Seoul areas(207 districts). The standardized CI values of health care resources were positive(favoring the rich region) across the nation in almost all kinds of resources. Especially the number of specialist, dentist, dental clinics, clinics, oriental medical clinics, pharmacists, and pharmacies were statistically significantly favoring the rich region. But the CI for the number of long-term care hospitals, public health centers were negative(favoring the poor region). The tendency of CI presenting positive values were increased in Seoul area. But in the case of non-Seoul, the CI indexes were nearly zero. The results suggest that except the Seoul area, little regional socioeconomic-related inequalities were observed in the distribution of health care resources in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

This study was carried out to analyze national and regional distribution of the organic wastes generation and build their distribution maps including food wastes, paper and wood wastes, wastewater and slaughterhouse wastes. The information for the annual waste production was modified using statistics from Ministry of Environment (MOE). Based on waste generation resources data, we established database architecture table about waste generation. The distribution maps for food wastes were built up in both national and regional scales and distribution maps for paper and wood wastes, wastewater and slaughterhouse wastes were also produced, respectively. The distribution maps of waste generation graphically provide the information regarding biomass resources to policy-makers, farmers, general users and it is highly expected to be utilized for policy-making of environmental-friendly agriculture and bioenergy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2016

The asymptotic extreme value distributions of maxima are a natural choice when designing against future extreme events like flood peaks or wave heights, given a stationary time series. The generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) is often utilised in this context because it is seen as a convenient single expression for extreme event analysis. However, the GEV has a drawback because the location of the distribution bound relative to the data is a discontinuous function of the GEV shape parameter. That is, for annual maxima approximated by the Gumbel distribution, the data is also consistent with a GEV distribution with an upper bound (no lower bound) or a GEV distribution with a lower bound (no upper bound). A more consistent single extreme value expression for design purposes is proposed as the Weibull distribution of smallest extremes, as applied to transformed annual maxima. The Weibull distribution limit holds here for sufficiently large sample sizes, irrespective of the extreme value domain of attraction applicable to the untransformed maxima. The Gumbel, Type 2, and Type 3 extreme value distributions thus become redundant, together with the GEV, because in reality there is only a single asymptotic extreme value distribution required for design purposes - the Weibull distribution of minima as applied to transformed maxima. An illustrative synthetic example is given showing transformed maxima from the normal distribution approaching the Weibull limit much faster than the untransformed sample maxima approach the normal distribution Gumbel limit. Some New Zealand examples are given with the Weibull distribution being applied to reciprocal transformations of annual flood maxima, where the untransformed maxima follow apparently different extreme value distributions.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.517-530
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• 2007

We studied a modelling process for unimodal and multimodal circular data by using von Mises and its mixture distribution. In particular we suggested EM algorithm to find ML estimates of the mixture model. Simulation results showed the suggested methods are very accurate. Applications to two kinds of real data sets are also included.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.595-603
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• 2021

Sand layer distribution, which is the main target of river and land aggregate resources, mainly belongs to alluvial and river sedimentary environments among the Quaternary sedimentary environments. The distribution of aggregate resources in the area of Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do is characteristically developed around a sedimentation environment in which intrusive meandering river dominate. Although the area around Bonhwangcheon Stream and the area near the confluence of small streams are small, the river floodplain develops and corresponds to the aggregate distribution area. The sedimentary layer formed in the sedimentary environment such as colluvial deposits or alluvial fan deposits has a relatively low distribution rate of aggregate resources. The vertical distribution of the Quaternary sedimentary layers in the Geumsan-gun region ranges from about 5 to 12 m and has an average Quaternary sedimentary thickness of 8 m. The aggregate-bearing section has an average thickness of 3.6 m, and the average grain size is about 21% clay-silt, 67% sand, and 12% gravel. The main characteristics of the aggregate-bearing section are that coarse-grained sand predominates, and gravel is sub-angular or sub-rounded, and the sorting is generally poor and has a massive form of deposits, and the soil colour ranges from dark grey to yellowish-brown. In Geumsan-gun, the most likely distribution area for aggregate development is the alluvial sedimentary and river sedimentary layers distributed along the current and former riverbeds of the main Geumgang River, Bonhwangcheon and small River tributaries.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.2 s.70
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• pp.58-68
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• 2006

This study is carried out for the purpose of investigating the property of phosphogypsum, and suggesting the proper recycling system for it. The chemical composition, mineralogical composition, particle size distribution and shape of phosphogypsum were investigated. The size distribution and constitution of impurities, distribution of heavy metals are also investigated. In conclusion, the grade and yield of recoverable phosphogypsum were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.649-652
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• 2013

Distribution and migration of larval and juvenile sandfish Arctoscopus japonicus in the coastal waters off Gangwondo were determined monthly from samples collected by a rectangular bottom net in the coastal waters off Gangwondo from March to July, 2011. Fish were collected in abundance from the northern waters from March to June. The average total length (${\pm}SD$) was $11.5{\pm}1.6$ mm in March increased up to $53.5{\pm}3.3$ mm in June. The size distribution of sandfish by depth suggested that the fish grew waters less than 50 m deep until June, before moving deeper waters of around 100 m.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of business processes, quality of human resources and organizational culture and its distribution in creating value to achieve competitive advantage. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: Data collection in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 90 employees of Delivery service companies in Makassar City. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was used as data analysis. Result: this study indicates that business processes do not directly affect competitive advantage, but business processes will have an effect if they go through the value creation process as an intervening variable, while the quality of human resources and work environment have a direct effect on competitive advantage and have a direct effect on Value creation. The quality of human resources and organizational culture also have an indirect effect on competitive advantage through the value creation process. This research also indicates that value creation has an effect on competitive advantage. Conclusion: Competitive advantage will be realized if organizational processes run well, company management that able to carry out good organizational processes and able to create a conducive organizational culture, will be able to distribute company resources to create value that leads to achieving competitive advantage for companies in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.943-947
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• 2005

This study was intended to interpose an objection about the analysis of rainfall spatial distribution without a proper standard, and offer the improved approach using 1,he geostatistical analysis method to analyze it. For this, spatially distributed daily rainfall data sets were collected for 41 weather stations in study area, and variogram and correlation analysis were conducted. In the results of correlation analysis, it was found that the longer distance between the stations reduces the correlation of the rainfall data, and maltes the characteristics of the rainfall spatial distribution. The variogram analysis shows that correlation range was less than 50 km for the 17 daily rainfall data sets of total 91 sets. It says that it involves some rike, to determine the application method for rainfall spatial distribution without some qualifications, hence the Application standards of the Rainfall Spatial Distribution Analysis Technique, were essential and that was contingent on characteristics of rainfall and landscape.