• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1997

In order to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of enrofloxacin-HCL)ENFLX-HCL) and enrofloxacin-KOH (ENFLX-KOH) after oral administration in broiler chickens, the study was performed. The chickens used in this study weighed $1.82 {\pm}0.2 kg$ and clinically healthy. The dose of intravenous and lral administration was 5 mg per kg of body weight as enrofloxacin. After intravenous injection of enrofloxacin, it showed two-compartment model with the rapid distribution phase and the slow elimination phase. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was 2.70 l/kg. The mean half-life of elimination and distribution showed 8.26 h and 0.44 h, respectively. The mean area under curve (AUC) was calculated as $19.7 {\mu} g{\cdot} h/ml$. After oral administration of ENFLX-HCL and ENFLX-KOH with a rate of dose 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg of body weight, Both of the products were showed one-compartment model unlike that of i.v. enrofloxacin standard solution showed the mean bioavailability of 79.64% for the ENFLX-KOG and 86.24% for the ENFLX-HCL. The mean total body clearance of the former was 0.24 l/kg/h and the latter 0.42 l/kg/h. Both enorfloxacin formulations seemed to have good tissue distribution and penetration as indicated by large volume of distribution : 2.72 l/kg for the -KOH and 4.44 l/kg for the -HCL. With the results obtained in this study, ENFLX-HCL could be used in place of its salt form in chickens.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1983

A study on the salmonella pullorum was carried out on 15, 000 hens of breeding chicken, when examined using pullorum antigens, and 165eggs from the isolated breeding to 35among 171carriers used in o serums in Chonnam area during the period from November 22 to December 20, 1982 The results are summarized as follows 1. Distribution on the carriers of pullorum disease was investigated 171 carriers (1.1%) among 15, 000 hens examined. 2. A majority (33.3%) of group D(transovarian transmission) was observed by classification of salmonella groups in the order of group OB (18.8%), group E(18.2%), group $C_1, C_2$ (each 15.2%~), and group OA (12.7%)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.721-733
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• 2019

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the thermal gelation properties and molecular forces of actomyosin extracted from two classes of chicken breast meat qualities (normal and pale, soft and exudative [PSE]-like) during heating process to further improve the understanding of the variations of functional properties between normal and PSE-like chicken breast meat. Methods: Actomyosin was extracted from normal and PSE-like chicken breast meat and the gel strength, water-holding capacity (WHC), protein loss, particle size and distribution, dynamic rheology and protein thermal stability were determined, then turbidity, active sulfhydryl group contents, hydrophobicity and molecular forces during thermal-induced gelling formation were comparatively studied. Results: Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that protein profiles of actomyosin extracted from normal and PSE-like meat were not significantly different (p>0.05). Compared with normal actomyosin, PSE-like actomyosin had lower gel strength, WHC, particle size, less protein content involved in thermal gelation forming (p<0.05), and reduced onset temperature ($T_o$), thermal transition temperature ($T_d$), storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"). The turbidity, reactive sulfhydryl group of PSE-like actomyosin were higher when heated from $40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$. Further heating to $80^{\circ}C$ had lower transition from reactive sulfhydryl group into a disulfide bond and surface hydrophobicity. Molecular forces showed that hydrophobic interaction was the main force for heat-induced gel formation while both ionic and hydrogen bonds were different significantly between normal and PSE-like actomyosin (p<0.05). Conclusion: These changes in chemical groups and inter-molecular bonds affected protein-protein interaction and protein-water interaction and contributed to the inferior thermal gelation properties of PSE-like meat.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2008

본 연구는 한국재래닭의 1번 염색체내 존재하는 17개의 MS(microsatellite) marker를 이용하여 경제형질과 관련하여 유의적인 연관성을 가진 지역을 탐색하기 위하여 실시하였다. 1번 염색체내 경제형질과의 유의적인 연관성을 가진 지역을 탐색하기 위하여 분석된 17개의 MS marker를 대상으로 각 marker별 대립 유전자의 최다 출현 빈도를 지닌 두 개의 대립 유전자를 선발하였다. 선발된 각각의 대립 유전자는 각 경제형질별 성적을 바탕으로 고능력 집단과 저능력 집단으로 나누었으며, 두 집단간의 Chi-squire 검정을 통해 경제형질과의 연관성을 확인하였다. 분석된 결과에 따르면 난중의 경우 94 cM에 위치한 MCW0106, 1개의 지역에서 유의적인 연관성이 탐색되었다. 시산일령의 경우, 3개의 지역(ADL0234, UMA 1.125, ADL0101)에서 유의적인 연관성이 탐색되었고, 체중의 경우 6개의 지역(UMA1.117, ADL0020, UMA1.019, LAMP1, ADL0101, ADL0238)에서 유의적인 연관성이 탐색되었으며, 마지막으로 산란수의 경우 2개의 지역(ADL0101, ADL0238)에서 유의적인 연관성을 확인하였다. ADL0101는 시산일령, 체중 그리고 산란수에서의 유의적인 연관성이 확인되었으며, 산란수에서는 두개의 대립 유전자(174, 178) 모두에서 유의적인 연관성이 탐색되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 소금을 첨가한 표준화된 닭 육수 개발의 정확한 방향 제시를 하고자 고압 가열 추출 방식(HPEC: High Pressure Extraction Cooking)을 적용하여 닭 육수 추출 방법을 실험적 연구로 표준화되고, 제품의 균일화를 이룬 대량 생산 제품의 개발을 시도하고자 하였다. 또한, 모든 음식맛의 기본인 소금을 첨가하여 아미노산의 조성과 관능적 특성을 통한 닭 육수에 대한 최적의 소금 농도를 확인하여 최적의 표준화 된 닭 육수를 만들고자 하였다. 소금 첨가량을 달리한 닭 육수의 총 유리 아미노산의 함량은 소금을 0.3% 첨가한 S3가 가장 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었으며, 총 유리 아미노산을 필수 아미노산, 맛난 맛 성분 아미노산, 그 밖의 아미노산 함량에 대하여 분리하여 알아 본 결과, 각 시료들에 대하여 총 유리 아미노산의 함량 수준 분포와 동일하게 나타났다. 또한, 맛난 맛 성분 아미노산의 총 함량이 전체 시료 중 가장 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었다. 소금의 첨가량에 따른 닭 육수의 기호도를 조사한 결과, 소금의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 짠맛의 강도가 높게 나타났으나, 짠맛에 대한 선호도에 대해서는 유의성을 보이지는 않았다. 이는 각각의 관능평가 요원들의 짠맛에 대한 선호도의 차이에 의해서 나타난 결과로 보여지며, 또한 소금 첨가량이 단맛, 구수한 맛, 비린내, 색에 대하여 영향을 끼치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 소금을 0.3%를 첨가한 S3 시료는 맛난 맛 아미노산의 함량 수준이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 관능검사에서도 구수한 맛에서 가장 높은 평가 결과를 보여 맛난 맛 아미노산과 구수한 맛의 상관관계가 존재함을 추측할 수 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

뼈는 단계별 (hierarchical) 구조를 가진 복합 재료이며 독특한 구조와 기계적 특성 때문에 재료공학 분야에서 많이 연구되어져 왔다. 뼈는 주로 hydroxyapatite, 콜라겐과 물로 구성된 층판형 유 무기 재료 복합체이다. 주요 무기물로써 hydroxyapatite로 잘 알려진 calcium phosphate를 통하여 뼈는 특유의 강도를 유지하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 광학 현미경(LM)과 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 이용하여 토끼와 닭 대퇴골의 구조를 연구하였다. 구성물질 분석은 대퇴골의 calcium, potassium, oxygen 분포 변화를 알아보는데 이용하였다. 실험은 두 구조 범위에 중점을 두었다: micro scale에서 치밀골의 배열을, nano scale에서 콜라겐 섬유와 apatite 결정을 관찰하였다. Micro scale에서 닭과 토끼 대퇴골 구조의 뚜렷한 차이점이 발견되었다. Nano scale에서는 apatite 결정의 모양과 크기 그리고 콜라겐의 배열을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 토끼와 닭은 종이 다름에도 불구하고 nano scale에서는 화학성분과 구조가 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2007

The choice of input distribution in quantitative risk assessments modeling is of great importance to get unbiased overall estimates, although it is difficult to characterize them in situations where data available are too sparse or small. The present study is particularly concerned with accommodation of uncertainties commonly encountered in the practice of modeling. The authors applied parametric and non-parametric bootstrap simulation methods which consist of re-sampling with replacement, in together with the classical Student-t statistics based on the normal distribution. The implications of these methods were demonstrated through an empirical analysis of trade volume from the amount of chicken and pork meat imported to Korea during the period of 1998-2005. The results of bootstrap method were comparable to the classical techniques, indicating that bootstrap can be an alternative approach in a specific context of trade volume. We also illustrated on what extent the bias corrected and accelerated non-parametric bootstrap method produces different estimate of interest, as compared by non-parametric bootstrap method.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken to obtain the basic knowledge on the distribution of intestinal microflora and characterization of Bifidobacterium isolated from the intestine of cattle, pigs, chicken and dogs. Bacteroidaceae and Streptococcus were isolated from the feces of cattle as predominant organisms, and Bifidobacterium was in counts of $8.65{\pm}0.21$ log 10 organisms. Bacteroidaceae, Eubacterium and Peptococcaceae counts on the feces of pigs were particularly high, but Bifidobacterium did not isolated. In hens and dogs, the counts of Bifidobacterium were $7.60{\pm}0.71$ and $8.15{\pm}2.04$ log 10 organism, respectively. Isolated 7 Bifidobacterial strains were identified respectively to B. thermophilum from cattle, B. pullorum and B. animalis from pigs, and B. longum, B. adolescentis and B. pseudolongum from dogs by their carbohydrate fermentation ability.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

The worldwide distribution and continuing genetic mutation of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been posed a great threat to human and animal health. A comparison of 3 isolates of AIV H9N2, A/chicken/Korea/KBNP-0028/00 (H9N2) (KBNP-0028), A/chicken/Korea/SNU8011/08 (H9N2) (SNU 8011) and an inactivated oil vaccine strain A/chicken/Korea/01310/01 (H9N2) (01310), was performed. The former 2 AIVs were isolated from field cases before and after the application of an inactivated H9N2 vaccine in 2007, respectively. The antigenic relationship, viral shedding, tissue tropism and genetic analysis were examined. The comparison of virus shedding from the cloaca and the oropharynx revealed that both isolates were more frequently isolated from the upper respiratory tract (90~100%) 1 day post inoculation (DPI) compared with isolation 5 DPI from gastrointestinal tracts (10~60%). Moreover, the isolate KBNP-0028 were recovered from all organs including bone marrow, brain and kidneys, indicating higher ability for broad tissue dissemination than that of SNU 8011. KBNP-0028 replicated earlier than other strains and with a higher titer than SNU 8011. In full-length nucleotide sequences of the NA gene and a partial sequence of the HA gene of SNU 8011, we found that there might be significant changes in tissue tropism, virus replication and genetic mutation in AIV H9N2 isolates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1942-1951
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• 2017

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are important foodborne pathogenic bacteria, particularly in poultry meat. In this study, the presence of extracellular DNase activity was investigated for biofilm-deficient Campylobacter strains versus biofilm-forming Campylobacter strains isolated from chickens, to understand the relationship between extracellular DNase activity and biofilm formation. A biofilm-forming reference strain, C. jejuni NCTC11168, was co-incubated with biofilm non-forming strains isolated from raw chickens or their supernatants. The biofilm non-forming strains or supernatants significantly prohibited the biofilm formation of C. jejuni NCTC11168. In addition, the strains degraded pre-formed biofilms of C. jejuni NCTC11168. Degradation of C. jejuni NCTC11168 biofilm was confirmed after treatment with the supernatant of the biofilm non-forming strain 2-1 by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Quantitative analysis of the biofilm matrix revealed reduction of extracellular DNA (16%) and proteins (8.7%) after treatment. Whereas the biofilm-forming strains C. jejuni Y23-5 and C. coli 34-3 isolated from raw chickens and the C. jejuni NCTC11168 reference strain showed no extracellular DNase activity against their own genomic DNA, most biofilm non-forming strains tested, including C. jejuni 2-1, C. coli 34-1, and C. jejuni 63-1, exhibited obvious extracellular DNase activities against their own or 11168 genomic DNA, except for one biofilm non-former, C. jejuni 22-1. Our results suggest that extracellular DNase activity is a common feature suppressing biofilm formation among biofilm non-forming C. jejuni or C. coli strains of chicken origin.