• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2008

In order to manage national environment effectively, one has to understand its ecological traits. The difference of temperature determines ecological traits of each respective region. In other words, temperature differentials on surface make a great impact on botanical structure. Currently, isothermal data-produced by meteorological stations based upon time series analysis-are widely used to plan and manage national environment. Nonetheless, the isothermal data do not reflect real surface temperature of regions. Because of numerous mountainous terrains in the Korean peninsula where temperature varies widely according to altitude, the range of temperature distribution-that reflects altitudinal change-has to be paid special attention. This study aims at expressing in space isothermal distribution that is necessary to plan and manage national environment effectively. In addition, not just South Korea, but also North Korea was included for isothermal distribution. As a result, this study corrected established isothermal lines up to date and demonstrated that altitude, latitude, and distance from coastal lines greatly influence temperature distribution of the Korean peninsula.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.277-279
• /
• 2003

The study utilizes remote sensing as the main monitoring means. With different spatial high-resolution, multichannel ASTER remote sensing image as the main information in Beijing city zone; with regional border and statistical data as auxiliary factor a study between the thermal space distribution character and the underground medium is analyzed based on the GIS logical algorithm and synthetic analysis technology. Results show thermal forming mechanism and the rule of distribution is mainly related to the underground medium and the change of the city distribution. Different underground medium has different degree and intensity influence on the thermal space distribution. Furthermore, urban greenbelt and water areas can reduce the thermal effect and large-scale greenbelt creates green island effect. In addition, Road net, residential area, population density, heat resources and so on have some positive effect on the thermal distribution, which increase the local temperature and intensity on the other hand. It is important to study the thermal distribution and its related factors, which contributes to the plan, construction and development of the city.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.256-266
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The concentrations and distribution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in an industrial complex and surrouding affected residential areas were investigated in an effort to support the efficient management of VOCs. Methods: The atmospheric concentrations of VOCs were analyzed at sites around the Sihwa-Banwol complex located in the cities of Siheung and Ansan and in the surrounding affected residential areas. The appearance of VOCs and the characteristics of their temporal and spatial distribution were evaluated. Results: The total VOC concentrations in the industrial complex were detected at 1.9-2.3 times higher than in the affected areas, but the daily VOCs distributions showed similar patterns in both sites. In particular, it was confirmed that the composition ratio of the VOCs and concentration fluctuations over time in the affected areas are similar to those in the adjacent industrial complex. VOC levels in the affected areas were higher than in residential areas in cities without an industrial complex. Conclusions: VOCs in residential areas near an industrial complex were highly distributed due to the influence of continuous pollutant emissions from the industrial complex. Therefore, the management of VOCs in the atmosphere of the affected area is important for identifying and managing the sources of VOCs detected in high concentrations in the industrial complex.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine whether public services in rural areas performed the functions of public interest value that benefited all residents of rural areas. Therefore, the results were derived through spatial distribution and population characteristics analysis at the level of basic living service facilities. As a result, the status of spatial distribution in the Favorable and Vulnerable areas of rural villages and the status of population distribution in the vulnerable areas was analyzed for retail, child care and medical facilities. In the case of retail facilities, it was found that more than 80.0% of the country's farming villages were distributed in the favorable areas that could be reached within 15 minutes. In the case of child care facilities, 91.5% of the total number of favorable areas could be reached within 15 minutes, and the distribution of child care facilities nationwide was deemed proper. In the case of medical facilities, 90.8% or more villages could be reached within 15 minutes of travel time as a lawmaker, and in the case of hospitals and emergency medical services, 92.7% of hospitals and 68.2% of emergency medical services were analyzed as favorable areas. Through these results, the government intends to establish objective spatial data in rural areas to provide basic information on policy directions and contribute to planning.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2018

Comprehensive statistical analysis for the 127 groundwater monitoring stations in Jeju Island during 2005~2015 was carried out for the re-establishment of management groundwater level. Three probability distribution functions such as normal distibution, GEV (General Extreme Value) distribution, and Gumbel distribution were applied and the maximum likelihood method was used for parameter estimation of each distribution. AIC (Akaike information criterion) was calculated based on the estimated parameters to determine the proper probability distribution for all 127 stations. The results showed that normal distribution and Gumble distribution were found in 11 stations. Whereas GEV distribution were found in 105 stations, which covered most of groundwater monitoring stations. Therefore, confidence levels should be established in accord with the proper probability distribution when groundwater level management is determined.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.556-565
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed at inquiring into the grasp of real condition of working environment and improvements by calculating the hypertension distribution consequent on job stress risk and exposure level of alleviating factors. In addition, this study is intending to estimate the hypertension distribution through socio-demographic factors and level of stressors occurring at working environment, such as high workload, low control, low support, job insecurity, long working hours, low income. Methods: This study estimated the hypertension distribution using the tertiary Korean Working Conditions Survey data, and conducted comparative analysis according to the category of individual questionnaire items using odds ratio. Result: As a result of study, it was found that in the event that working environment satisfaction is low and business & an immediate superior's attitudes are negative, the hypertension distribution was high. Particularly, it was found that physical risk factor musculoskeletal risk factor, and mental risk factor in a workplace were all increasing the hypertension distribution. Conclusions: With the aged workers' labor market participation ratio increasing, hypertension could be a major issue in the field of Occupational Safety and Health. Thus, it's necessary that the relevant employer should lower the hypertension distribution through creation of pleasant working environment and inducement of workers to improve in the relations with their superiors. As for the uppermost limit of this study, there is a limit to clarifying the mechanism of hypertension through multivariate statistics analysis because it's difficult to establish causal relationship by individual questionnaire item as the working conditions survey is made by cross-sectional study. In the follow-up research, this study is going to do research on the mechanism of hypertension through questionnaire supplementation and in-depth analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.23 no.11
• /
• pp.1272-1279
• /
• 2012

In this paper, models for the average-year rain rate distribution and the correlation between the worst-month and the average-year rain rate distribution in domestic environment were proposed, using the rainfall measurement data with 1-minute integration time of Korea Meteorological Administration. Comparison of the proposed model with the existing ITU-R model showed that the average rain rate of the proposed model for the exceed time rate of 0.01 % is about 28 % higher than that of the ITU-R recommendation. In addition, the correlation model between the worst-month and the average-year rain rate distribution was quite different from the ITU-R model. It is recommended that the domestic rain rate distribution model should be used for calculation of the statistical characteristics of rain attenuation(exceeded-time-rate distribution of rain attenuation) which is essential for the design of wireless communication systems in domestic environment.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2022

It is suggested that magnetosonic waves (also known as equatorial noise) can scatter radiation belt electrons in the Earth's magnetosphere. Therefore, it is important to understand the global distribution of these waves between the proton cyclotron frequency and the lower hybrid resonance frequency. In this study, we developed an empirical model for estimating the global distribution of magnetosonic wave amplitudes and wave normal angles. The model is based on the entire mission period (approximately 2012-2019) of observations of Van Allen Probes A and B as a function of the distance from the Earth (denoted by L^*), magnetic local time (MLT), magnetic latitude (λ), and geomagnetic activity (denoted by the Kp index). In previous studies the wave distribution inside and outside the plasmasphere were separately investigated and modeled. Our model, on the other hand, identifies the wave distribution along with the ambient plasma environment-defined by the ratio of the plasma frequency (f_pe) to the electron cyclotron frequency (f_ce)-without separately determining the wave distribution according to the plasmapause location. The model results show that, as Kp increases, the dayside wave amplitude in the equatorial region intensifies. It thereby propagates the intense region towards the wider MLT and inward to L^* < 4. In contrast, the f_pe/f_ce ratio decreases with increasing Kp for all regions. Nevertheless, the decreasing aspect differs between regions above and below L^* = 4. This finding implies that the particle energy and pitch angle that magnetosonic waves can effectively scatter vary depending on the locations and geomagnetic activity. Our model agrees with the statistically observed wave distribution and ambient plasma environment with a coefficient of determination of > 0.9. The model is valid in all MLTs, 2 ≤ L^* < 6, |λ| < 20°, and Kp ≤ 6.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.12
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.101-116
• /
• 2008

Future e-Trade RFID/USN distribution should satisfy the new needs of reasonable customers such as efficient supply of goods, presentation of information, and communication by developing intermediate and long-term strategies through analysis of industrial conditions and customers' needs. Through preferential application of new technology, knowledge-based e-Trade RFID/USN distribution environment and DB of industrial portal sites should be developed, RFID/USN infra such as Supply Chain Management(SCM) should be expanded, future-oriented knowledge-based services should be developed to prepare specific and realistic plans for proper UT(Ubiquitous Technology). Such change in e-Trade distribution environment should have historical and environmental backgrounds to suggest specific tasks and directions as a conversion of structural concept of engineering and trade theory for new u-Trade. Accordingly, this study is to present all the problems available in RFID/USN distribution, develop an organized and technological estimate model and provide a foundation to apply it efficiently. This study aims to present an interpretational foundation of RFID/USN distribution, rather than technical directions.