• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

This study is to examine the feasibility of carbon fiber sheet(CFS), a kind of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP), for a repair and reinforcement of R/C beams. The flexural strength of R/C beams, that were preloaded and then the cracks were repaired, maintains that of the uncracked R/C beams. The flexural strength of R/C beams increases with the reinforcement of CFS. In order to practically apply the repair and reinforcement method, further research is needed for the distribution, amount, and bond of CFS. In this study, an experiment was conducted for R/C beams reinforced with CFS, for various wrapping method and amounts of CFS. Experimental results showed the wrapping method increasing the bond area and amount of CFS layer caused the increase in the strength of the beams. It is found that the strength of CFS should be used as 70% of the maximum strength in retrofitting reinforced concrete beams in evaluating flexural capacity on the basis of ultimate strength design method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2019

Initial thermo-elastic and steady state creep deformation of a rotating functionally graded simple blade is studied using first-order shear deformation theory. A variable thickness model for cantilever beam has been considered. The blade geometry and loading are defined as functions of length so that one can define his own blade profile and loading using any arbitrary function. The blade is subjected to a transverse distributed load, an inertia body force due to rotation and a distributed temperature field due to a thermal gradient between the tip and the root. All mechanical and thermal properties except Poisson's ratio are assumed to be longitudinally variable based on the volume fraction of reinforcement. The creep behaviour is modelled by Norton's law. Considering creep strains in stress strain relation, Prandtl-Reuss relations, Norton' law and effective stress relation differential equation in term of effective creep strain is established. This differential equation is solved numerically. By effective creep strain, steady state stresses and deflections are obtained. It is concluded that reinforcement particle size and form of distribution of reinforcement has significant effect on the steady state creep behavior of the blade.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

게임 서버는 분산 서버를 기본으로 하고 있다. 분산 게임서버는 서버의 작업 부하를 분산하기 위한 일련의 알고리즘에 의해 각 게임 서버의 부하를 일정하게 나누어서 클라이언트들의 요청에 대한 서버의 응답시간 및 서버의 가용성을 효율적으로 관리한다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션 환경에서 기존 연구 방식인 Greedy 알고리즘과, Reinforcement Learning의 한 줄기인 Policy Gradient 중 PPO(Proximal Policy Optimazation)을 이용한 부하 분산 Agent를 제안하고, 시뮬레이션 한 후 기존 연구들과의 비교 분석을 통해 성능을 평가하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.545-547
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• 2004

This paper proposes the novel investment priority decision method for distribution facilities considering the potential failure rate and the influence of customer caused by faults in distribution networks. The Proposed method decides the investment priority of the facilities combining, by the fuzzy rules, the KEPCO's priority decision for investment and the priority decision considering SAIFI(System Average Interruption Frequency Index) and SAIDI(System Average Interruption Duration Index). To verify the performance of the proposed method, these works utilized the projects for weak facility reinforcement planned in KEPCO in the Busan region in 2003 and 2004. The evaluation results showed that the reliability of the KEPCO in the Busan region using the proposed method can be enhanced more than using the conventional KEPCO's method.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2019

정부의 재생e 3020 이행계획 및 제 8차 전력수급 기본계획과 함께 국내 분산 전원 연계 사업이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 특히 2016년 10월 시행된 1 MW이하의 분산 전원 접속 보장 제도의 시행 이후, 배전 계통의 분산 전원 연계 신청이 급증함에 따라 송배전 설비부족으로 분산 전원 접속 지연이 일어나는 문제와, 이로 인해 국내 분산 전원의 70 %가 연계되어 있는 배전 계통의 신증설 투자비가 증가하는 문제가 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 현재 배전 계통의 분산 전원 수용력(hosting capacity) 확보 방법은 물리적인 배전 설비 추가 확충 이외에는 대안이 없는 것이 현실인데, 이러한 방식은 아래와 같은 어려움이 따른다. 첫째, 분산 전원의 대다수를 차지하는 태양광은 일조량이 풍부하고 지가가 저렴한 야외, 산악지역에 보급되므로 배전선로 경과지 확보가 점점 어려워지고 있다. 이로 인해 지중 구간이 증가하여 공사비가 증가하며, 태양광 야외 지역 위치로 공사 거리, 기간이 증가하게 된다. 둘째, 지자체의 공사 인허가 비협조 사례가 증가하여 이로 인해 공사가 지연되어 민원이 야기된다. 셋째, 배전선로 공사 자체에 1년 이상의 공사기간이 소요되므로 분산 전원을 적기에 접속시킬 수가 없으며, 넷째, 접속 신청은 지속 증가하므로 이에 따라 배전 설비 확충 비용 또한 지속 증가 할 수 밖에 없다. 이렇게 물리적 설비확충으로 발생하는 문제에 대응하여 접속 대기를 최소화하면서도 공사(투자비)를 최소화 할 수 있는 방안은 설비이용률을 극대화하는 것이며, 본 연구는 이러한 고민에서 시작되었다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 현재 배전 계통의 분산 전원 연계 현황, 태양광 최대 출력 실적, 최소 부하, 선로 특성의 분석을 통해 배전선로의 분산 전원 상시연계용량 기준을 상향하기 위한 타당성을 검토하였으며, 배전선로의 분산 전원 상시연계용량 기준을 위한 상향(안)을 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2000
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• pp.356-363
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to investigate seismic performance of spirally reinforced bridge columns and to provide test result for developing improved seismic design criteria. Quasi-static test was conducted for 12 columns of which variables were transverse reinforcement ratio and spacing, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and axial load level. Sufficient seismic performance was observed from the test for the columns with greater confinement steel amount than the requirement of the Korean Bridge Design Specification. The columns with 0.84% of the confinement steel requirement provided adequate performance under less than 0.2 of axial load level, but showed lower ductility under 0.3 of axial load level. The current provision for the region of confinement steel distribution may be non-conservative under high axial load level, therefore a modified provision is proposed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2012

콘크리트구조설계기준(2003, 2007)의 균열제어방법이 어떠한 연구들에 근거를 두어 제시되었는지 그 발달과정을 검토하였다. 이러한 과정들을 근거로 현행 구조기준의 균열제어방법에 어떠한 문제점들이 발생할 수 있으며 이를 해결하기 위해서는 어떻게 하여야 하는지 제안하였다. 제시한 새로운 균열제어식은 간단하면서도 명확하고 기존의 규정들과 충돌하지 않아 실무자들에게 발생할 수 있는 논란의 여지를 종식시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.547-564
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• 2001

The numerical formulation of a two-phase interface element appropriate for porous lining system is presented. The formulation is isoparametric and can be applied both for 2-D and 3-D analysis. Biot's theory is utilized as the basis for the development of the element constitutive theory. In order to be capable of simulating the reinforcing characteristics of some geotextiles utilized as lining system, a reinforcement component has also been implemented into the formulation. By employing this specially developed interface finite element, the influence of soil consolidation on the stress distribution along the lining system of a reservoir and a landfill has been investigated.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2016

We present an approach for acceleration actor-critic algorithm for reinforcement learning with continuous action space. Actor-critic algorithm has already proved its robustness to the infinitely large action spaces in various high dimensional environments. Despite that success, the main problem of the actor-critic algorithm remains the same-speed of convergence to the optimal policy. In high dimensional state and action space, a searching for the correct action in each state takes enormously long time. Therefore, in this paper we suggest a search accelerating function that allows to leverage speed of algorithm convergence and reach optimal policy faster. In our method, we assume that actions may have their own distribution of preference, that independent on the state. Since in the beginning of learning agent act randomly in the environment, it would be more efficient if actions were taken according to the some heuristic function. We demonstrate that heuristically-accelerated actor-critic algorithm learns optimal policy faster, using Educational Process Mining dataset with records of students' course learning process and their grades.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.218-223
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• 2000

A both mixing process of electro-magnetic stirring and mechanical process technique were used to fabricate particulate metal matrix composites(PMMCs) for variation of particle size. The PMMCs were tested for their tensile test for with and without heat treatment with T6. PMMCs fabrication processing conditions for both electrical and mechanical process are also suggested. In order to thixoforming of PMMCs, fabricated billet are reheated by using the optimal coil designed as a function of length between PMMC billet and coil surface, coil diameter and billet length. The effect of reinforcement distribution on billet temperature variation are investigated with calculated solid fraction theory proposed as a function of matrix alloy and volume fraction of reinforcement.