• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.440-446
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• 1992

쌀을 원료로 한 우리나라 전통주인 삼일주를 제조하고 이를 증류한 증류주의 성분변화를 압력, 환류비 및 충전물의 유무에 따라 분획별로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 삼일주의 성분중 에탄올 함량은 14%, 총산 16.2g/100 ml, 환원당 7.9 mg/ml, 전당 84 mg/ml였다. 향기성분은 아세트알데히드 6 ppm, 휴젤유 161 ppm, 에틸아세테이트 6 ppm이었다. 증류가 진행됨에 따라 에탄올, 메탄올, 휴젤유, 아세트알데히드, 에틸아세테이트는 감소하였으며 총산은 증가하였다. 대체적으로 총산을 제외하고는 상압보다는 감압에서 향기성분들은 감소하였다. 증류초기 1, 2, 3분액에서는 에탄올의 농도가 70%이상이었지만 5분액부터는 에탄올 함량이 급격히 감소하였는데 이때의 에탄을 함량은 50% 이하였다. 관능검사 결과 증류주의 특성은 총 16가지가 밝혀졌으며 그 중에서 항기성분이 4가지, 맛성분이 7가지, 그리고 후미가 5가지였다. 이들 특성중 증류주의 품질에 크게 영향을 미치는 특성은 누룩향과 시원한감 등이며 전체적인 품질은 충전상태, 260 mmHg의 2, 3, 4분액이 가장 높은 품질을 보였다. 이 분액의 성분은 메탄올 $24{\sim}36\;ppm$, 총산 $0.21{\sim}0.29\;g/100\;ml$, 휴젤유 $657{\sim}1340\;ppm$, 아세트알데히드 $12{\sim}41\;ppm$ 그리고 에틸아세테이트가 $22{\sim}311\;ppm$ 범위에 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.368-373
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• 1996

6종의 약재(사삼, 길경, 작약, 당귀, 황기, 천궁)를 첨가하여 발호시킨 발효액을 증류하여 얻은 발효약용 증류주와 증류장치에 약재를 충전하고 약재를 첨가하지 않은 발효주(대조구)를 증류하여 얻은 약재충전 증류주의 증류 및 품질특성을 조사하였다. 발효약용 증류주와 대조구의 pH는 증류가 진행되면서 감소하였으며, 약재충전 증류주는 증류초기($1{\sim}4$분액)에 $0.05{\sim}0.97$의 완만한 증가를 보이다가 그 이후 부터 $0.92{\sim}0.98$의 많은 감소를 보였다. 평균 pH는 작약이 5.70으로 가장 높았으며, 길경이 4.37로 가장 낮았다. 약재충전 증류주의 흡광도는 $1{\sim}4$분액에서 $0.60{\sim}1.59$의 많은 감소를 보였고 그 이후 부터는 $0.19{\sim}0.54$의 완만한 감소를 보였다. 분액별 알코올농도와 증류속도는 증류가 진행되면서 감소하였으며, 대조구 보다 낮고 느렸다. 증류속도는 약재의 종류와 원주의 알코올 농도에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 평균 증류속도는 당귀 및 대조구가 $0.102\;m{\ell}/sec$로 가장 빨랐고 길경이 $0.073\;m{\ell}/sec$로 가장 느렸다. 약재충전 증류주의 지표성분중 작약의 peaoniflorin은 5분약에서 293 mg%로 가장 많이 추출되었으며, 당귀의 decrusin은 1분액에서 3514 mg%로 가장 많이 추출되었다. 약재충전 증류주의 경우 약재의 지표성분중 작약은 41.3% 그리고 당귀는 20.5%가 추출되었다. 관능검사 펄과 품질은 황기주가 가장 좋았으며, 그 다음으로는 당귀, 길경주 순이었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.114.2-114.2
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• 2010

Fisher-Tropsch 반응을 통하여 생성되는 왁스는 황 또는 질소 성분을 포함하지 않으며 또한 방향족 및 중금속 성분이 없기 때문에 청정 수송유로써 사용이 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 Fisher-Tropsch 왁스는 그 분자량이 매우 큰 사슬형 탄화수소이기 때문에 수소첨가 분해반응을 통하여 중질유 range의 탄소수를 갖는 탄화수소로의 전환 기술이 반드시 필요하다. 이러한 수소첨가 분해반응에 사용되는 촉매는 강한 산점을 지니고 있는 양이온 교환 지르코니아가 대표적이라 할 수 있는데 최근 들어 강한 산점과 높은 산밀도, 그리고 기공의 모양과 크기에 따라 특정 반응이 제어되거나 활성화되는 형상선택성을 가지고 있기 때문에 다양한 반응에 촉매로 사용되는 제올라이트에 Pt 등의 귀금속을 담지한 촉매를 사용하여 Fisher-Tropsch 왁스의 전환율 및 중질유분의 선택도를 높이는 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 제올라이트 촉매에 귀금속을 담지하여 촉매를 제조하고 1L 급 고압 배치형 반응기를 이용하여 Fisher-Tropsch 왁스의 수소첨가 분해반응에 의한 중질유 제조 실험을 수행하고 그 결과를 고찰하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.941-946
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• 1992

Three different reflux policies are compared for a batch distillation process in which a fixed recovery with a given average purity of the distillate is required ; the first, for the constant distillate purity ; the second, for the constant reflux ratio ; finally, for the optimal reflux policy which gives the minimum operation time. The optimal reflux policy was obtained using pontryagin's maximum principle. Througy the numerical simulations for the three different binary mixtures, it was found that the time advantage of the optimal reflux operation over the constant overhead composition operation varies form 10.0 to 22.4% and the advantage over the constant reflux operation varies from 1106 to 36.6% in the three cases considered.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 제시된 태양열원식 해수 담수기 모델에 디젤 발전기 폐열을 적용하였을 때 설계변수에 따른 담수량을 수치해석을 통하여 예측하고, 최적설계를 위한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 선행연구를 기초로 수학적 모델을 설정하였고, 폐열 회수관으로부터의 열교환량을 고려하였다. 해석의 결과를 선행연구의 결과와 비교 분석하여 해석의 타당성을 확보하였고, 타당성이 검증된 해석모델을 적용하여 여러 가지 설계 변수에 따른 담수량을 예측하였다. 결과적으로 선행연구와 전반적으로 일치한 해석결과를 확인하였고, 디젤 발전기 폐열을 적용하였을 때 담수량 향상정도를 확인하였다. 또한 수치해석을 통하여 최적의 효용단 수, 유리덮개 경사각 등을 결정하였다.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 팜 잔사유를 이용하여 고품위화된 저등급 석탄의 건조 안정화 특성을 알아보았다. 인도네시아 저등급 석탄인 에코탄을 사용하였고, 팜지방산증류물(palm fatty acid distillate, PFAD)을 혼합시킨 후 $107^{\circ}C$ 질소분위기에서 건조하였으며 그 후에 안정화 특성을 평가하였다. 교차점온도(crossing-point temperature, CPT) 측정을 통해 자연발화 경향을 확인하였으며, 저온산화 실험을 통해 $CO_2$, CO 가스 배출량은 건조석탄보다 고품위 석탄이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 수분 재흡착 실험을 통해 고품위 석탄이 대기방치와 항온항습 분위기에서 수분 재흡착이 줄어드는 것을 확인하였다. 고품위화된 석탄은 PFAD의 표면코팅을 통해 안정화 되며, 함량이 증가할수록 안정화도가 높아졌다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of an herb distillate, ie., a mixture of 28 traditional Korean herbs, germanium, tormarine and Gijangsoo (Gijang water), $CCl_4$ was intraperitoneally administered to rats before or after supplementation of the diluted herb distillate (HD) for 2 weeks. Then hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and serum lipid profiles were determined. The experimental groups had higher feed intake than the normal control (NC), but had lower weight gain. Water intake and the amount of feces were not significantly different, but urine was excreted in lower amounts in all the experimental groups compared to the NC. Liver weights in the HD-supplemented groups were lower than that of the distilled water-supplemented groups (DW-groups) after $CCl_4$-administration. Serum ALT activities in all the experimental groups were higher than that of the NC-group. However, the increasing activity of serum ALT in the HD-supplemented groups (HD-groups) was lower than that of the DW-groups. Total serum and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher in all the $CCl_4$-administered groups than in the NC-groups, and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in all the experimental groups compared with the NC-groups. Meanwhile, the increasing rate of total serum and LDL-cholesterol levels and the decreasing rate of HDL-cholesterol in the HD-groups were lower than that of the DW-groups. But, levels of serum TG were similar among all the experimental groups. The activities of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) type O of the $CCl_4$-administered rats showed a significant increase in and an increasing rate of XOD in the HD-groups, which was lower than that of the DW-groups. On the other hand, GST activities in all the experimental groups were significantly decreased, and the decreasing rate was lower in the HD-groups than in the DW-groups. The hepatic contents of GSH and LPO in all the rats were not changed by $CCl_4$ administration. These results suggest that the decreased liver damage in the HD-supplemented groups was due to the inhibition of XOD-type O activity by constituents of HD, as well as by a prevention/inhibition of serum lipid profile changes in $CCl_4$-treated rats. However, further detailed studies are needed to support this hypothesis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed in order to investigate an immediate improvement effect of nasal obstruction after having patient with chronic rhinitis use nasal spray in nasal cavity after distilling Korean medicine, satisfaction for its fragrance and irritation and its effect continuance time. Methods : A questionnaire was performed for an immediate therapeutic effect of nasal spray 1, 2 and 3 weeks later after using spray by targeting 13 patients who used Korean medicine distillate spray for over 3 weeks among the patients who visited Sangji University Korean Medicine Hospital and whose symptoms were determined as chronic rhinitis and for whom Korean medicine distillate spray was prescribed. 3 weeks later after using spray, a questionnaire was performed for fragrance, irritation and continuance effect of Korean medicine. Immediate therapeutic effect being felt right after spraying was also surveyed and symptom scores was expressed from 10 to 0 and on the assumption that nasal obstruction symptom just before spraying was 10 points, symptom score after spraying was surveyed. In case of evaluation of satisfaction, satisfaction for fragrance and irritation of nasal spray was evaluated by scale based on full score of 5 point from 'very satisfied=5', 'satisfied=4', 'average=3', 'unsatisfactory=2' and 'very unsatisfactory=1', respectively. Effect continuance time after spraying was surveyed by dividing it into within 5 minutes, within 5-10 minutes, within 10-30 minutes and over 30 minutes. All the data was statistically analyzed by Friedman Test that is non-parametric test of Paired t-test and descriptive statistics. Results : Total surveyed patients were 13 persons including 6 males and 7 females and total average age was represented to be $27.1{\pm}17.7$ years old. Score of immediate nasal obstruction improvement effect at 1st week was $6.3{\pm}2.4$ points, at 2nd week $5.7{\pm}2.5$ points and at 3rd week $5.5{\pm}2.5$ points and when comparing 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week statistically, p value was 0.047<0.05 and from this, it could be seen that the longer spray was used, the more was improvement effect represented with slight significance. In case of fragrance and irritation, both of its score was represented to be high as average $4.0{\pm}1.08 $points and average $4.4{\pm}0.8$ points, respectively. Effect continuance time below 10 minutes was represented in 8 persons who accounted for 61.5%. Conclusions: Immediate improvement effect of nasal obstruction being felt by the patients by using Korean medicine nasal spray could be confirmed and by having the patients use such spray for 3 weeks continuously, it could be realized that such effect was sustained and satisfaction for fragrance or irritation of Korean medicine nasal spray was significant. However, rather short sustained time was considered to be unsatisfactory and this shortcomings is required to be improved in the future.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2002년도 제30차 추계 학술대회
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• pp.156-156
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• 2002

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

Over 30% of domestic soil contamination has occurred via petroleum products and complex oil. Moreover, contamination by complex oil is more intense than it is by a single petroleum product species. In this study, we analyzed sectional TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern and sectional ratio of current domestically distributed petroleum products, such as kerosene, diesel, bunker C, and lubricant and complex oils, to determine pollution characteristics of the soil. In the TPH pattern, kerosene, which is a light distillate, had an early retention time, and lubricant oil, which is a heavy distillate, had a late retention time in the gas chromatogram. In addition, we obtained a complexly contaminated soil via diesel and lubricant oil from the Navy and inspected it for its ratio of complex oil species. The inspection results showed that this soil was contaminated with 85% diesel and 15% lubricant oil. The method developed in this study could be used to determine complex petroleum sources and ratios at sites with accidentally contaminated soil.