• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.121-132
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• 2003

This study investigated the current situation regarding college environments and the use of disposable goods, to inquire the environmental consciousness of college student consumers, and to identify factors that affect their use of disposable products. The major findings of this study are summarized in the following. First, college students' usage of disposable products was measured in two ways: the tendency to use disposable product and the quantities of disposable products consumed. The tendency to use disposable product was found to be 2.80/5, which indicates that college students' behavior of consuming disposable goods was less than moderate. On average, a college student consumed a total of 35 disposable products per month. Second, variables that affect college students' consumption of disposable products were investigated. The students who showed a higher tendency to use disposable products were those with more spending money, those without any experiences in the environmental organizations and clubs, those who had a low personal opinion toward university policies, those who regarded environmental protection as more important than economic growth, and those who thought environmental protection to be more important than fashion.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.39-39
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• 2005

Large scale mammalian cell culture has become, over the past two decades, the preferred method to produce therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In this presentation, I will introduce disposable bioreactor system and analyze key factors and points for consideration during mammalian cell culture process development. Example will be provided highlighting the selection of master cell, culture media and environmental factors based on productivity and product quality.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2015

Disposable marine product packaging materials such as wooden, Styrofoam, and corrugated cardboard boxes have a very low reuse rate, thus causing the logistics costs to rise and making it difficult to establish a unit load system for marine products. Disposable packing containers to be discarded are accompanied by resource and environmental issues home and abroad. Transportation vehicles for marine products have to return empty without loading different kinds of products after delivery due to the smell and properties of marine products, thus posing as an obstacle to logistics rationalization. In an effort to overcome those limitations, this study examined the stages of transportation including "producer-wholesale market in the producing area-commission merchant-wholesale market in the consumption area-commission merchant-quasi-wholesale market-consumer" and also analyzed the utilization and distribution of disposable packaging materials currently used in the circulation of marine products including wooden, Styrofoam, and corrugated cardboard boxes. Based on the analysis results, the investigator developed a logistics rationalization model capable of promoting semi-permanent reuse and lowering empty vehicle rate on return routes as an alternative to address environmental issues caused by disposable packaging materials, which have been an obstacle to the logistics rationalization of marine products, packaging costs in the process of repeating packing and unpacking at each stage of marine products circulation, and empty vehicle rates on return routes after marine products delivery.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2014

Urinary Incontinence is any leakage of urine against their will. It is not a life threatening illness but it causes negative effects both socially and psychologically. Based on many previous studies, 20-40% of adult female and 30% of men in their sixties have experienced symptoms of urinary incontinence. As the number of active aged people experiencing the symptoms increases, demand for specialized product is growing. The purpose of the study is to research the types and features of male disposable products for urinary incontinence on the market and to provide the basic data for improvement and development of better product. Products from 6 brands (Tena, Depend, Carnation, Keepers, Molimed, Abrimen) with high brand awareness both in online and offline were selected and analyzed. And product evaluation was carried out by male in their sixties with light symptom of urinary incontinence. The results are as follows. There are three types of male products for urinary incontinence: panties, diaper and pad. Among the 6 brands, the subject of analysis, only Depend from Yuhan Kimberly produces male panties while others make ones for unisex. There is no diaper product only for male, and Tena, Molimed, Abrimen have pad type products for male. Male panties from Depend emphasizes their design considering male's physical characteristics. Male pad is differentiated with female one by having different designs like triangular or pocket type which is more comforting to men. As a result of product evaluation, wearable panties similar to normal underwear were highly appreciated and satisfactory. Among various shapes of pads, 25cm long pad with wide width of front and narrow back was valued to be comfortable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

This paper aims to examine the status of sizing specifications for disposable sanitary pads on the market and to offer information on product design that reflect the requests of consumer by gathering opinion through the practical experience of consumers. Seventy-six varieties of sanitary pads on market are measured and the evaluations of wearing comfort were investigated by the questionnaire and interview for sixty three varieties of sanitary pads. As a result, they were classified into five sizes related with length but vaguely related with thickness and width. Thickness is distinguished by the compressibility that is marked as slim or ultra slim by the same brand. However, there is no sizing consistency for all products. The result shows that there is some confusion for consumers to choose desired sizes, In addition, the perception of wearing is categorized into four factors that are product performance, size and fit, wearing feeling and margin of action, and adhesive property and wrapping. The manufacturing specifications for the sanitary pads on domestic market, the requests of consumers for sanitary pad design modifications, and proposals for follow-up studies were figured out through this research.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2014

Home appliances go through a couple of packaging stages from the plant to consumers. The primary packaging, inner packaging for each part, happens for protection after products leave the plant. The secondary packaging happens in the unit of product, ensuring cushioning packaging to protect products from movement. The final tertiary packaging is for transportation and delivery. Each stage of product packaging, however, costs a lot of money because of disposable packaging materials used in each stage including vinyl, tapes, Styrofoam, and corrugated cardboards. Discarded packaging materials also cause environmental problems. In an effort to come up with a measure to solve those problems, this study proposed a plan to minimize logistics costs with semi-permanent packaging materials to replace disposable ones including Styrofoam, vinyl, and corrugated cardboards in the stages of inner packaging, cushioning packaging, product unit-based packaging, and transportation. The study also developed a model to cut down logistics costs by reducing various packaging stages including the primary, secondary, and tertiary stage only to the secondary one through module-type products instead of the transportation- and delivery-type ones, as well as demonstrated the excellence of the study through numerical analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.950-952
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• 2003

This paper have been studied fabrication and characteristics of disposable pH sensor using MEMS technology. The sensor has two open-well structure, the container for the internal electrolyte and electrode were formed by anisotropically etching a silicon substrate. unlike currently used KCI saturated solution, the structure was introduced hydrogel which take an advantage of miniaturization, bulk product, a low price. PU and CA/TP used to measurement ion detection, one is reference membrane and the other is pH. fabricated sensor is encapsulated entirely with epoxy, finally sensor was estimated various ion sorts and pH ranges.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 2023

In this study, we examined the residual amounts of formaldehyde in hygiene products to determine the safety of these products in Gyeonggi-do. Formaldehyde is among the harmful substances that may remain within certain hygiene products. On the basis of an analysis of formaldehyde in a total of 222 items (6 disposable paper straws, 9 disposable paper napkins, 21 toilet papers, 13 disposable dishcloths, 16 disposable paper towels, 32 wet wipes for food service restaurants, 25 disposable cotton swabs, and 100 disposable diapers), we detected traces in three wet wipes for food service restaurants (1.87 to 4.45 mg/kg), which is approximately 9% to 22% of the standard level (20 mg/kg). We established that all the hygiene products assessed in the study met the individual standards for formaldehyde, thereby confirming that safe products are being distributed. In the standards and specifications for hygiene products, the formaldehyde test method is regulated for application with respect to three categories based on the type of product. The samples used in this study were of types for which method 1 or method 2 is applied, and the limits of detection, limits of quantification, linearity, and recovery rates were reviewed to verify the validity of each test method. When method 2 was applied, we experienced interference when performing analysis at a wavelength of 412 nm, which was associated with the influence of impurities in some samples of disposable cotton swabs and disposable diapers. Consequently, in these cases, the results were compared after analysis using method 1. By comparing the results obtained using method 2 with those obtained using method 1, the latter of which were unaffected by the interference of impurities, we were able to detect formaldehyde at low concentrations. These findings accordingly highlight the necessity to standardize the formaldehyde test method for future analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.457-467
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• 2015

The demand for coverall-type protective clothing are increasing in many industrial fields; however, it is impossible to evaluate the wearers' apparel fit because there is no commercialized pattern in the market. This study produces a manual for the process of acquiring patterns by separating PPE products into pieces to provide information on acquiring patterns. The analysis was on coverall-type non woven protective clothing in the domestic market, and 4 panels examined the validity, reliability, and efficiency of various possible methods on each step of process. Five steps were conducted to acquire patterns removing wrinkles, marking seams lines, separating seams, and pattern completing. The process of converting these into pattern files was designed through three procedures of digitizing, editing, and exporting and detailed stages. Fitting tests were undertaken, real patterns by actual modeling and pattern files by virtual modeling; all showed similar forms with outfits wearing ready-made protective coveralls. This study sought the most efficient and objective method of virtual modeling and proposed it as a manual. It is expected for the pattern reverse-designing manual through products analysis presented in this study that would be a helpful addition of information to the pattern tracing of pattern-less clothing products.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.57-77
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• 2017

To prevent the disincentive of labor supply under the current welfare system, we suggest the safety income system, a Korean version of negative income tax. Under the proposed system, for example, a household with four members whose annual income is less than 50 million wons will get financial support from the government. Under the safety income system, labor supply increases and so does the gross domestic product. The disposable income of low-income households increases, which alleviates the income gap among households. Analyzing the Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, we show that under the safety income system the disposable income differentials among households are reduced much more than under the current welfare system or under the universal basic income system.