• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2002

Solvolyses rate constant of 1- and 2- naphthoyl chlorides (1 and 2) are reported for aqueous binary mixtures with methanol, ethanol, fluorinated alcohol, acetonitrile and dioxane. Kinetic solvent isotope effects (KISE) in methanol and product selectivities (S) of 2-naphthoyl chloride (2) in alcohol-water are also reported. Dispersions in Grunwald-Winstein correlations $(r{\leq}0.901)$ are discussed by multiple regression analysis incorporating ionizing power $(Y_{Cl})$ scale and rate-rate profiles. Major causes for these phenomena are investigated as an aromatic ring solvation effects, in conjunction with weakly nucleophilic solvation effects ($S_N2$ character), for solvolyses of 1 and for solvolyses of 2, as dual reaction channels, described as $S_N1$-$S_N2$ and $S_AN$-$S_N2$ processes. Distinct border lines between the two pathways are derived from solvolyses rates of 2 in 18 solvent using the results of $log(k/k_o)=mY_{Cl}+lN_T+hI$ plot with values of 1.13 for m, 0.37 for l and 0.15 for h value in 5 aqueous fluorinated alcohol mixtures. Using rate-product correlation, the validity of a third order model based on a general base catalyzed by solvent and contribution from these rate constants, $k_{aa},\;k_{aw}$ and $k_{aw}$, are investigated for $S_AN$-$S_N2$ solvolyses of 2 favored in more rich alcohol media and gradual addition of water to alcohol solvent shows a great shift away from stoichiometric solvation to predominantly medium effects. Rate-rate correlation between solvolyses of 2 and trimethyl acetylchloride (5) with alkyl group in the 29 aqueous solvent mixtures shows appreciable linearity (slope = 0.84, r = 0.987), caused by the same pathway ($S_N1$-$S_N2$ process), even if this correlation coincides with appreciable dispersion (different solvation effect).

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.122-126
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• 2002

Contaminant transport in porous media is characterized by solving an advection-dispersion equation(ADE). The ADE can cover equilibrium phenomena of interest, which include sorption, decay, and chemical reactions. Among these phenomena, sorption mechanism is described by several types of sorption isotherm. If we assume the sorption isotherm as linear, the solution of ADE can be easily procured. However, if we consider the sorption isotherm as non-linear isotherm like a Dual Reactive Domain Model (DRDM), the resulting differential equation becomes non-linear. In this case, the solution of ADE cannot be easily acquired by an analytic method. In this paper, we present the numerical analysis of ADE using a DRDM. The results reveal that even if sorption data may be fitted well using linear or non-linear isotherm, the characteristics of contaminant transport of the two cases are different from each other. To be concrete, the retardation of linear isotherm has stronger effect than that of the DRDM. As the non-linearity of sorption isotherm increases, the difference of retardation effects of the two cases becomes larger. For a pulse source, the maximum concentration of the linear model is higher than that of the DRDM, but the plume of the DRDM moves faster than that of the linear model. Behaviors of contaminant transport using the DRDM are consistent with common features of a linear model. For instance, biodegradation effect becomes larger as time goes by The faster the seepage velocity is, the faster the plume of contaminant moves. The plume of the contaminant is distributed evenly over overall domain in the event of high dispersion coefficient.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2017

나노 물질의 활용이 증가하면서, 환경 내 나노물질의 독성 및 거동에 관련 연구가 필수적인데, 나노독성평가의 신뢰도를 확보하기 위해서는 노출 배지 내 나노물질의 안정적인 분산방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)에서 제안한 천연유기물을 활용한 나노 분산액 제조 방법을 토대로 화장품 등 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있는 산화아연 나노입자 생태독성 평가를 위한 분산배지 조제방법을 정립하여 다양한 시험종에 대한 수생태시험 적용성 평가를 수행하였다. 천연유기물을 활용하여 분산성이 향상된 시험배지 내 나노 입자의 분산 안정성을 확인하기 위해 제조 후, 96시간까지의 동적광산란(Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS)측정 결과 입자 크기 분포의 평균값이 약 150-200 nm의 수준을 유지하면서 나노입자의 안정성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 천연유기물을 활용하여 금속계 나노물질의 배지 내 분산력을 향상 시키는 방법이 수생태독성시험에 적용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단되었고, 수생태독성 시험종(어류, 물벼룩, 깔따구, 조류 등)에서의 독성 영향을 확인한 결과 물벼룩 및 깔따구를 이용한 급성 독성 실험에 적합한 것으로 확인되어 향후 나노물질의 수생태독성평가에서 재현성 높은 결과 확보 방안을 도출에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2010

In the framework of meshfree methods, a new methodology is developed based on radial point interpolation method (RPIM). This methodology is applied to a one-dimensional contaminant transport modelling in the saturated porous media. The one-dimensional form of advection-dispersion equation involving reactive contaminant is considered in the analysis. The Galerkin weak form of the governing equation is formulated using 1D meshfree shape functions constructed using thin plate spline radial basis functions. MATLAB code is developed to obtain the numerical solution. Numerical examples representing various phenomena, which occur during migration of contaminants, are presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method and the results are compared with those obtained from the analytical and finite element solutions. The proposed RPIM has generated results with no oscillations and they are insensitive to Peclet constraints. In order to test the practical applicability and performance of the RPIM, three case studies of contaminant transport through the landfill liners are presented. A good agreement is obtained between the results of the RPIM and the field investigation data.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

In the 21st century, the printing industry as well as the IT industry has made rapid development. However, despite these technological advancement in the printing industry, it is still harmful for the environment, the state regulation is insufficient. Therefore, we studied the printability for the existing heat-set web inks and the newly created phenol-free eco-inks. This ink was made by reacting rosin and unsaturated dibasic acid and ester reactant, ester reactant was used instead of phenol. Printability test were used in the IGT printability tester. Experimental conditions, the temperature $22.7^{\circ}C$, humidity 57% under conditions of 0.6cc of ink supply, the print speed 1m/sec, pressures were set at 250N. As results of this study, we were able to get the following conclusions. The properties of phenol-free ink is the same as the existing inks. So we are thought to improve some characteristics such as dispersion, able to replace the existing ink.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2012

Materials used for the inks in the printing industry is an important material following the paper. The composition of the ink is pigment and organic solvents. However, Ink is used in a variety of chemicals, they are classified as non-green. Therefore, rosin-modified phenolics manufactured by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde can take the place of eco-phenol free resin and by experiment density, gloss, trapping, contrast and dot gain of printing has been studied as printability. The result of study can support that the properties of printing using eco-phenol free resin such as density, gloss, contrast and trapping is similar to existing ink. In the part of dot gain, the result is excellent. So we were thought to be able to improve some characteristics such as dispersion of black ink, that will be possible for the field applicability.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2010

매체와 미디어 기술이 발전하면서 정치에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 매체로 TV를 대신해 인터넷 공간인 넷 (Net)을 매개로 활발하게 작동하고 있는 UCC가 새로운 미디어로 주목받고 있다. 바야흐로 TV의 일방적인 매체 영향력이 인터넷 시대로 넘어오면서 미디어 주도권은 쌍방향 상호작용성을 특징으로 한 UCC로 급격하게 변동하고 있는 것이다. 특히 UCC는 그 자체가 가지고 있는 콘텐츠의 참신함과 동시에 지금까지 미디어의 수용자 역할을 담당했던 국민 스스로를 막강한 정치적 영향력이 있는 주체로 변화시켰다는 특징이 있다. 본 논문에서는 미디어와 매체의 변화가 이끄는 새로운 세상과 그 세상의 중심에서 세상을 새롭게 투영하고 나아가 사회를 변화시키는 데 강력한 힘을 발휘하고 있음을 주목하고, 일상의 정치뿐만이 아닌 정치적 실행력에 있어서 영향을 미칠 수 있는 UCC의 다양한 정치적 영향 유형을 연구하고자 한다. 그리하여 UCC가 선거를 비롯한 다양한 정치적 상황에서 어떤 정치적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 유형을 분석해 봄으로써 UCC가 정치현장에서 미칠 수있는 정치적 영향력과 파급력에 대해서 모색하고자 하였다. 그 결과 UCC의 유인폭발, 이슈주도, 분산전환, 지시순종 등의 4가지 상황으로 유형화할 수 있었다. 이는 곧, 넷(Net)시대의 디지털 기술을 통해서 직접민주주의 구현에 기여하는 것과 같이 정치현장에 있어서도 쌍방향 소통의 긍정적 효과를 불러온다고 하겠다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.771-776
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• 2012

A technique is presented that uses a circular waveguide for the measurement of the bulk shear(S-wave) velocities of unconsolidated, saturated media, with particular application to near surface soils. The technique requires the measurement of the attenuation characteristics of the fumdamental T(0,1) mode that propagates along an embedded pipe, from which the acoustic properties of the surrounding medium are inferred. From the dispersion curve analysis, the feasibility of using T(0,1) mode which is non-dispersive and have constant attenuation over all frequency range is discussed. The principles behind the technique are discussed and the results of an experimental laboratory validation are presented. The experimental data are best fitted for the different depths of wetted sand and the shear velocities as a function of depths are formulated using power law curves.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.100-103
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• 2001

In order to investigate the magnetic properties of CoCr-based bilayered thin films on kind of underlayer, we introduced amorphous Si layer to Co-Cr(-Ta) magnetic layer as underlayer. With the thickness of CoCr, CoCrTa single layer, crystalline orientation and perpendicular coercivity was improved. It was revealed that by introducing the Si underlayer, the c-axis orientation of CoCr, CoCrTa magnetic layer was improved largely. However, with increasing Si film thickness, perpendicular coercivity and saturation magnetization of Cocr/si, CoCrTa/Si bilayered thin films was decreased. Grain size of bilayered thin films became larger.