• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.622-634
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• 2013

The multi-origin of obesity and its associated diseases made it's a complex area of biomedical science research and severe health disorder. From the 1970s to onwards this health problem turned to an epidemic without having any report of declining yet and it created a red alert to the health sector. Meanwhile, many animal models have been developed to study the lethal effect of obesity. In consequence, many drugs, therapies and strategies have already been adopted based on the findings of those animal models. However, many complicated things based on molecular and generic mechanism has not been clarified to the date. Thus, it is important to develop a need based animal model for the better understanding and strategic planning to eliminate/avoid the obesity disorder. Therefore, the present review would unveil the pros and cons of presently established animal models for obesity research. In addition, it would indicate the required turning direction for further obesity and obesity based disease research.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.12
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• 2021

Background: We previously elucidated the protective mechanism of Korean red ginseng oil (RGO) against Brucella abortus infection, and our phytochemical analysis revealed that palmitic acid (PA) was an abundant component of RGO. Consequently, we investigated the contribution of PA against B. abortus. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of PA against B. abortus infection using a murine cell line and a murine model. Methods: Cell viability, bactericidal, internalization, and intracellular replication, western blot, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide (O₂^-) analyses and flow cytometry were performed to determine the effects of PA on the progression of B. abortus infection in macrophages. Flow cytometry for cytokine analysis of serum samples and bacterial counts from the spleens were performed to determine the effect of PA in a mouse model. Results: PA did not affect the growth of B. abortus. PA treatment in macrophages did not change B. abortus uptake but it did attenuate the intracellular survivability of B. abortus. Incubation of cells with PA resulted in a modest increase in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression. Compared to control cells, reduced nitrite accumulation, augmented O₂^-, and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production were observed in PA-treated B. abortus-infected cells. Mice orally treated with PA displayed a decreased serum interleukin-10 level and enhanced bacterial resistance. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PA participates in the control of B. abortus within murine macrophages, and the in vivo study results confirm its efficacy against the infection. However, further investigations are encouraged to completely characterize the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of B. abortus infection by fatty acids.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.31-45
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• 2011

The amyloid ${\beta}$-peptide ($A{\beta}$), which originates from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mounting evidence indicates that different species of $A{\beta}$, such as $A{\beta}$ oligomers and fibrils, may contribute to AD pathogenesis via distinct mechanisms at different stages of the disease. Importantly, elevation and accumulation of soluble $A{\beta}$ oligomers closely correlate with cognitive decline and/or disease progression in animal models of AD. In agreement with these studies, oligomers of $A{\beta}$ have been shown to directly affect synaptic plasticity, a neuronal process that is known to be essential for memory formation. Our previous studies showed that $A{\beta}$ induces the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), a phospholipid that regulates key aspects of neuronal function. PI(4,5)P2 breakdown was found to be a key step toward synaptic and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of AD. To this end, we seek to identify small molecules that could elevate the levels of PI(4,5)P2 and subsequently block $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced breakdown of PI(4,5)P2 and synaptic dysfunction.. We found that (20S)Rg3, an active triterpene glycoside from heat-processed ginseng, serves as an agonist for phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIalpha (PI4KIIalpha), which is a lipid kinase that mediates a rate-limiting step in PI(4,5)P2 synthesis. Consequently, (20S)Rg3 stimulates PI(4,5)P2 synthesis by directly stimulating the activity of PI4KIIalpha. Interestingly, treatment of a mouse model of AD with (20S)Rg3 leads to reversal of memory deficits. Our data suggest that the PI(4,5)P2-promoting effects of (20S)Rg3 may help mitigate the cognitive symptoms associated with AD.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2017

구제역 바이러스 연구가 BSL-3 시설에 제한되기 때문에 여러 가지 소독제나 항바이러스 제제에 대한 효력 및 효능 평가가 쉽게 이루어질 수 없다. 따라서 구제역 바이러스와 계통학적으로 유사한 bovine rhinovirus (BRV)와 human rhinovirus (HRV)의 특성을 열, pH 그리고 여러가지 소독제를 이용하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 구제역 바이러스의 성상과 매우 흡사한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 BRV와 HRV는 구제역 바이러스를 대체할 수 있는 모델 바이러스로 이용이 가능하다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.93-93
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• 2002

The utility of transgenic animal for studying the function of a particular gene in the breast system has been limited because transgenic typically occurs constitutively throughout development and in most tissue. So we use the inducible gene expression system. Several inducible gene expression system have been developed in vitro in recent years to overcome limitation with transgenic mice. (omitted)

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2022

Recent progress has been made to establish intestinal organoids for an in vitro model as a potential alternative to an in vivo system in animals. We previously reported a reliable method for the isolation of intestinal crypts from the small intestine and robust three-dimensional (3D) expansion of intestinal organoids (basal-out) in adult bovines. The present study aimed to establish next-generation intestinal organoids for practical applications in disease modeling-based host-pathogen interactions and feed efficiency measurements. In this study, we developed a rapid and convenient method for the efficient generation of intestinal organoids through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and continuous apical-out intestinal organoids. Remarkably, the intestinal epithelium only takes 3-4 days to undergo CHIR (1 µM) treatment as a Wnt activator, which is much shorter than that required for spontaneous differentiation (7 days). Subsequently, we successfully established an apical-out bovine intestinal organoid culture system through suspension culture without Matrigel matrix, indicating an apical-out membrane on the surface. Collectively, these results demonstrate the efficient generation and next-generation of bovine intestinal organoids and will facilitate their potential use for various purposes, such as disease modeling, in the field of animal biotechnology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1478-1485
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• 2017

Objective: The effects of vaccinating 18-day-old chicken embryos with the combination of recombinant Eimeria profilin plus Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) NetB proteins mixed in the Montanide IMS adjuvant on the chicken immune response to necrotic enteritis (NE) were investigated using an Eimeria maxima (E. maxima)/C. perfringens co-infection NE disease model that we previously developed. Methods: Eighteen-day-old broiler embryos were injected with $100{\mu}L$ of phosphate-buffered saline, profilin, profilin plus necrotic enteritis B-like (NetB), profilin plus NetB/Montanide adjuvant (IMS 106), and profilin plus Net-B/Montanide adjuvant (IMS 101). After post-hatch birds were challenged with our NE experimental disease model, body weights, intestinal lesions, serum antibody levels to NetB, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes were measured. Results: Chickens in ovo vaccinated with recombinant profilin plus NetB proteins/IMS106 and recombinant profilin plus NetB proteins/IMS101 showed significantly increased body weight gains and reduced gut damages compared with the profilin-only group, respectively. Greater antibody response to NetB toxin were observed in the profilin plus NetB/IMS 106, and profilin plus NetB/IMS 101 groups compared with the other three vaccine/adjuvant groups. Finally, diminished levels of transcripts encoding for proinflammatory cytokines such as lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ factor, tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15, and interleukin-8 were observed in the intestinal lymphocytes of chickens in ovo injected with profilin plus NetB toxin in combination with IMS 106, and profilin plus NetB toxin in combination with IMS 101 compared with profilin protein alone bird. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Montanide IMS adjuvants potentiate host immunity to experimentally-induced avian NE when administered in ovo in conjunction with the profilin and NetB proteins, and may reduce disease pathology by attenuating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines implicated in disease pathogenesis.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2013

The neuroprotective effects of herbal ethanol extract (GP-EX) from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on dopamine neurons in animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) were investigated. Rats and mice were administered with rotenone (2.5 mg/kg) for 28 days and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg) for 5 days for the PD models, respectively and the animals were simultaneously treated with GP-EX (30 mg/kg, daily). After preparing the PD models, the animals were also administered with L-DOPA (10 mg/kg) for 14 days with or without GP-EX treatment. Treatment with GP-EX (30 mg/kg) inhibited the rotenone- and MPTP-induced neurotoxic effects in dopamine neurons of rats or mice, which was determined by the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemical staining survival cells, as well as the levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. GP-EX (30 mg/kg) also showed the protective effects on neurotoxicity which was induced by long-term administration of L-DOPA (10 mg/kg) in rotenone- and MPTP-induced animal model of PD. The used doses of GP-EX (30 mg/kg) did not produce any signs of toxicity, such as weight loss, diarrhea, or vomiting, in rats and mice during the treatment periods. These results suggest that GP-EX has the protective functions against chronic L-DOPA-induced neurotoxic reactions in dopamine neurons of rotenone- and MPTP-induced animal model of PD. Therefore, the natural GP-EX may be beneficial in the prevention of PD progress and L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity in PD patients.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.172-184
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a natural product of cherry tree (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea: PS) as a test substance for improving cytokine and ovalbumin-specific IgE using an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model of 5-week-old male BALB/c mice. Lung tissue pathology was analyzed to confirm anti-inflammatory and asthmatic effects. As a result of examining the effect on changes in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in an ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model by administering the PS sample, total cells, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes were significantly decreased. Concentrations of cytokine-based TNF-alpha and IL-4 and immunoglobulin E in serum were significantly increased in the asthma-inducing negative control group than in the normal group. However, high concentrations of PS decreased them. In histopathological examination of the lung tissue, it was confirmed that inflammatory cells infiltrated around the alveoli and bronchioles were increased in ovalbumin-induced asthma disease model. After administration of cherry tree extract, bronchiolar morphological changes such as mucosal thickening were slightly improved. From the above results, it was confirmed that extract of cherry tree significantly reduced inflammation expression and tissue damage in alveolar tissues. It was also confirmed that the cherry tree extract had an excellent efficacy in improving asthma inflammation.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.47-47
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• 2001

The neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) is a nine- amino acid hormone synthesized as preprohormone in the cell bodies of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. The tumor in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus is associated with disfunctions of the cell bodies, leading to the diabetes insipidus. In order to study with the diabetes insipidus caused by a defect in VP synthesis and its secretion, we have produced the transgenic mice regulated by vasopressin promoter inserted to SV40 T antigen coding sequence (pVPSV.IGR2.1). One transgenic line expressing high levels of SV40 T antigen was propagated. The founder and all transgene positive adult animals have appeared with shorten mortality or apparent phenotypic abnormalities, including immune complex disease, and eventually die between 4 and 8 months of age. The mRNA and protein of SV40T antigen transgene were detected in brain of fetus as well as in brain, spleen, lung and lymph node in moribund at the age of 20 weeks. Histological analysis of transgenic mice showed that tumor developed in brain similar to primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) in man. We also detected lymphomas in spleen and lymph node, and consequent tumor formation in various tissues of the transgenic mice. In pVPSV.IGR2.1, 21% mice showed brain tumor (PNET) at 5 weeks and 100% mice showed brain tumor after 15 weeks. In addition, Expression of apoptosis related genes (Bcl-28 & Bax) was increased over their age in mice with PNET as compared to control mice. Apoptosis related gene expression might be deregulated in mice with brain tumor. However, transgenic mice were not developed with the diabetes insipidus. These mice represent the first disease model to exhibit primitive neuroectodermal tumor in brain, as well as a unique model system for exploring the cellular pathogenesis of lymphomas.