• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2011

This study was intended to analyze whether there would be difference in awareness of the Evaluative Accreditation System(the administrative procedures of Evaluative Accreditation, the effect of Evaluative Accreditation, and the preferred public support types for encouraging participation in Evaluative Accreditation) between child-care directors and teachers, and among the types of child-care centers. The questionnaires were administrated to 168 child-care directors and 423 child-care teachers in Gyeonggido. Data analyses were conducted by descriptive statistics, the chi-test and the t-test. The main results were as follows. First, there was significant difference in awareness of the administrative procedures of Evaluative Accreditation among the types of child-care centers. Second, there was difference in awareness of the effect of Evaluative Accreditation on child-care service areas between child-care center directors and teachers, and among the types of child-care centers in terms of child-care services. Third, in terms of the preferred public support for the encouragement of participation in Evaluative Accreditation, there was difference between child-care center directors and teachers, and among the types of child-care centers.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.185-211
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• 2003

Initially, the system of outside director of cooperative has the object of consulting an external specialist. Recently, it takes a serious view of monitoring about securing clean management on the operating crisis. Nevertheless, in the field of NFFC(National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives), it is difficult that the system of outside director of cooperative attains that is initial object. And in the field of FC(Fisheries Cooperative), it isn't in force about the outside director of cooperative. Therefore, it is important to make a following system improvement. (1) The ratio of outside directors among the member of board of directors has to be increased. (2) Outside director's term of office has to be amended from lyears to 2years and the current method of selection should be reformed to be a strict one with high standard of requirement and substantial screening for membership. (3) Outside directors' wage system must be actualized by adopting incentive system' etc. A measure of appointing an executive in a similar business line or organizations to ours as an outside director must be considered. FC have to introduce the system of outside director. (4) A recognition of proper management of outside directors and putting in practice is essential.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1683-1694
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate perception of kindergarten directors regarding prerequisites for inclusive education and its improvement plans, and to establish basic data required for future implementation of inclusive education in kindergartens. This study was carried out oriented to 116 kindergarten directors and inquired into the differences in background characteristics of age, education level, operation career, major, special/inclusive education training and operation of inclusive classes, based on SPSS 1.5 for Window, independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. The research results of this study are as follows: Firstly, as for the perception of kindergarten directors as prerequisite of inclusive education, they show active supports for inclusive education and recognize that classes composed of the same age and same ability are the advisable forms of inclusive education. As for class operations, they perceive that inclusive classes based on small group activities and full inclusive classes are suitable. Moreover, as qualified teachers for inclusive classes, they manifest that teachers who completed special/inclusive education training are appropriate. Secondly, as for the perception of kindergarten directors regarding improvement plans for inclusive education, this study suggests that they prioritize the training operation regarding inclusive education oriented to general infants and parents. As for vitalization of inclusive education, they find that financial supports at the national level and administrative supports for facilities are indispensable.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.785-798
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the role adaptation process experienced by executive directors of nursing department of general hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 9 executive nursing directors though in-depth interviews about their experiences. The main question was "How do you describe your experience of the process of role adaptation as an executive nursing director?" Qualitative data from field and transcribed notes were analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's grounded theory methodology. Results: The core category of experience of the process of role adaptation as an executive nursing director was identified as "entering the center with pushing and pulling". The participants used five interactional strategies; 'maintaining modest attitudes', 'inquiring about trends of popular feeling', 'making each person a faithful follower', 'collecting & displaying power', 'leading with initiative'. The consequences of role adaptation in executive nursing directors were 'coexisting with others', 'immersing in one's new role with dedication', and 'having capacity for high tolerance'. The types of role adaptations of executive directors in nursing department were friendly type, propulsive type, accommodating type. Conclusion: The results of this study produced useful information for executive nursing directors on designing a self-managerial program to enhance role adaptation based on interactional strategies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2019

A recent survey of Australian directors conducted by the Financial Reporting Council found that directors require a detailed understanding of technical accounting issues. With the aim of understanding learner difficulties in learning and applying higher learning material relevant to directors, this study explores the transfer pricing topic taught as a case presentation in an undergraduate accounting program at an Australian university. Before intervention with improvements, this study invited 25 students to take part in the study after they had learned the topic and been given one week to understand it. By adopting a transfer pricing problem presented in their essential reading and interviewing those students to gain further insights, the study found that learners experienced conceptual difficulties at various stages in attempting to learn. Intervention to ease learning difficulties was addressed through instructor training. The intervention improvements included using guided workbooks to develop a better understanding of concepts among learners, and representing the problem at hand with diagrams. After intervention with improvements, this study repeated the same procedures with 25 students who had not taken part in the previous study and found that interventions increased the learning. Results have implications for most directors, who are novices to the detailed technical accounting issues of transfer pricing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.179-185
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of board of directors' activity on the audit committee's effectiveness score among manufactured listed companies on Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the period 2015-2017. The final sample of this study consists of 195 firm-year observations that represent manufactured companies listed on Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the years 2015-2017. The data of this study in terms of board of directors' meetings, audit committee size and meetings, firm leverage, firm performance, and firm age were hand-collected from the annual reports of the considered companies. The Pooled OLS regression's result indicate that audit committee's effectiveness score is influenced by the board of directors' activity. This result gives support to the agency theory prediction. This result is also consistent with the complementary function of corporate governance mechanisms in which board of directors' activity complements the function of audit committee's effectiveness score. The result of this study should be useful for manufacturing companies, Saudi Stock Exchange, auditors, and regulators which relates to the association between board of directors' activity and audit committee's effectiveness score. This study provides a new empirical evidence on the impact of board activity on the audit committee's effectiveness score in an interesting context which is Saudi Arabia.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of ownership structure on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: The study has been conducted on 28 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies from 2012 to 2020. Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q are selected as indicators of internal and market performance of the firms respectively whereas institutional ownership, directors' ownership and foreign ownership are selected as proxies of ownership structure. Panel analysis using random effects, lag method and time dummy method is used to analyse the relationship. Results: The study has found the existence of highly concentrated directors' ownership, a low percentage of institutional ownership and a very insignificant proportion of foreign ownership in the industry. The regression results show that directors' ownership has a positive and significant impact on firm performance, supporting the concept of agency theory. The study has also found a positive and significant impact of foreign ownership on firm performance. Unfortunately, the impact of institutional ownership is found to be insignificant. Conclusions: Directors' ownership and foreign ownership decreases agency cost that ultimately increases firm performance. However, the role of institutional investors is not significant enough to improve firm performance. It is suggested that institutional investors should be more active and involved in monitoring the activities of the organisations to improve performance.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.88-107
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• 2017

Background: Adolescent mothers may find the transition to motherhood to be Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of nurse managers and directors of nursing services in community hospitals regarding the essential competencies of head nurses. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to investigate the perspective of nurse managers and directors of nursing services about essential competencies of nurse managers in community hospitals. A total of ten participants (four directors of nursing services and six nurse managers) were interviewed. Findings: Nurse managers and directors of nursing services identified leadership, management, communication, professional ethics, and policy and healthcare environment as the essential competencies for their positions in community hospitals. Conclusions: These findings can be used by executives of community hospitals and nursing institutes to plan for competency development for nurse managers. They should be included in nursing administration programs.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate the roles of child group home directors and their experiences with children. The study utilised the interpretive science paradigm and individual in-depth interviews for data collection. The qualitative theme analysis method explored the experiences of child group home directors. The participants, seven group home directors in the metropolitan area of Seoul, explained their multiple roles such as protector, nurturer, discipliner, mediator, and supporter of children while recognizing dysfunctions of children's family of origin. Participants claimed that the specialization of the child group home and the professionalism of its staffs were needed in order to improve the quality of child welfare. The results of this study might contribute to practical suggestions for group home professionals.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of directors' leadership style and the type of decision-making on improving child care teachers' job satisfaction which is essential to operate high-quality nursing. The survey method was used for 184 child care teachers who work for child care centers. The collected data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and posteriori test to find out the differences in teachers' job satisfaction according to their recognition of directors' leadership and decision-making. The result showed that differences exist in child care teachers' job satisfaction according to the leadership and decision-making of directors as recognized by the teachers. The score of child care teachers' self-development, work, welfare & social stability related to job satisfaction hit the highest when directors' leadership type was efficiency-centered. Similarly, participatory decision-making type, which is the most ideal type, scored the highest in all sub-components of job satisfaction in the case of directors' type of decision-making. This implies that the directors who prefer positive leadership and democratic participatory decision-making type increase teachers' job satisfaction which will positively affect the child care centers' qualitative development.