• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2020

This study analyzes not only the direct impact of R&D investment on corporate growth for 578 private firms in 2007-2016, but also whether corporate innovation activities play a role as a mediating parameter between R&D investment and corporate growth. For this purpose, we classify companies into IT and non-IT companies and measure the mediating effect by dividing innovation activities into the number of registered patents, applied patents, and sum of them. In addition, this study is based on both the systemGMM which is considered to be effective in solving the endogenous problems caused by the cross-sectional analysis in previous studies and ML-SEM which is a new method recently, and then compares two results. According to the empirical results, innovation activities has a role as partly mediating parameter on sales growth in non-IT companies. On the other hands, in IT companies, the increase in R&D investment leads to a decrease in sales of the company, and the increase in innovation activities increases the sales of the company. However, it was confirmed that IT companies also had positive effects by adjusting the lag of the R&D. In other words, this suggests that securing patents is more important than R&D investment for direct sales growth of IT companies. It is also evidence that immediate introduction of technology is necessary to respond to the speed of technological change since the cycle time of technologies of the IT field is relatively shorter compared to that of other fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival, a rural festival, affects the farmers of the local farms in Cheongju. Based on grounded theory, this study analyzed the objective using a qualitative research program, the Nvivo11 program. The data was collected through in depth interviews from 13 farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival, and were also residents of Chungcheungbuk-do. The roles of the local festival expected by farmers, were the sale of local agricultural products, local public relations, regional revitalization, a sense of pride as a farmer, exchange of business ideas for sales of agricultural products, and a line of direct communication between farmers and consumers. The farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival insisted that sales should rise. The results showed that the farmers who participated in the festival felt socially and psychologically stable while participating. The programs at the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival include a concert, hands on involvement, and agricultural sales, which have a direct influence on both sales and attracting visitors during the local festival. Farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival asked for the improvement of the overall operation of the festival, including the problems with the admission tickets, parking, arrangement of facilities, festival venue, time, and etc. The suggested improvements for the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival focused on the quality certification system of agricultural products, as well as the organic farming of products, thereby to gain trust from the consumers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

This research empirically analyzes not only the direct impact of the external technological information network diversity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the sales growth from their technology development but also the mediating impact of their productivity improvement and the moderating effect of the technology development driven by CEO on this direct impact in order to deepen the research stream on SMEs' external technological information network. Based on the ordinary least squares regression by using 2,200 data of South Korean SMEs, this study reveals the three findings. First, SMEs' external technological information network diversity positively influences their sales growth from technology development. Second, SMEs' productivity improvement partially mediates this positive influence of the external technological information network diversity. Third, SMEs' technology development driven by CEO moderates the positive influence.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 2018

A demand for user's participation in the designing process, which is called the participation design, is increasing with social change. Practically, however, there is lack of researches on the improvement of the problem in actual design development and participation design effect. In order to understand the field-based participation design effect in view of user's change of awareness on participation design, this study carried out a survey on the change of awareness through a design workshop in which all stakeholders have participated on the subject of agricultural direct sales facilities as a part of participation design programs. Many references were reviewed first to understand the participation design principles and their current research trend. Next, the questionnaire was developed using an effectiveness verification model for an effective analysis. A design workshop as one of the participation design programs was organized and applied for the field response. In order to analyze the effect, the survey on participants' change of awareness was carried out before and after the program. The survey questionnaires were about motivation, knowledge, recognition, function, and participation and asked the design study graduates. The participation design effect was supplemented by additional open questions. As a consequence, the participants in the participation design program showed the noticeable effect in knowledge and function about the agricultural direct sales facilities. It was found that they were also highly satisfied with the participation design result and they recognized an importance of collaboration. This study also showed that a sufficient time schedule considering agricultural village life should be given for a smooth operation of the program and also a working environment is necessary for designing work.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2014

More and more people are gravitating to reading products reviews prior to making purchasing decisions. As a number of reviews that vary in usefulness are posted every day, much attention is being paid to measuring their helpfulness. The goal of this paper is to investigate firstly various determinants of the helpfulness of reviews, and intends to examine the moderating effect of product type, i.e., search or experience goods on the product sales, helpfulness and helpfulness votes of online reviews. The determinants include product data, review characteristics, and textual characteristics of reviews. The results indicate that the direct effect exists for the determinants of product sales, helpfulness, and helpfulness votes. Further, the moderating effects of product type exist for these determinants on three dependent variables. The results of study will identify helpful online review and design review sites effectively.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2016

Globalization and the emergence of new markets has placed increased emphasis on cross-cultural sales and marketing research. Despite considerable advances in the personal selling literature, little is known about the cross-cultural transferability of key constructs. Given the degree to which well-accepted relational sales behaviors such as ASB and customer oriented selling reflect Western values such as individualism and low uncertainty avoidance, the relative efficacy of such practices in alternative cultural context is less clear. Using a Korean sample, our results confirm the beneficial direct effects of these relational selling practices upon performance. However, we also find strong workgroup interdependence diminishes the effects of ASB and that performance fully mediates the relationship between both sales behaviors and job satisfaction. In contrast to prior results, we find female salespeople and those newer to their position demonstrate stronger ASB.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.51-65
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• 2020

According to an analysis of 560 foreign-invested companies investing in South Korea's manufacturing industry, the following three facts were found. First, the proportion of sales by manufacturing foreign-invested companies is divided into 68.5 percent of domestic sales and 31.5 percent of exports. From 68.5 percent of domestic sales, sales to Korean companies are 60.5 percent, including 37.1 percent for large companies and 23.4 percent for small and medium-sized companies, while only 8.0 percent for domestic consumers. Second, the investment sectors of manufacturing foreign-invested enterprises are 'machine and equipment manufacturing', 'chemical and chemical-chemical material manufacturing-excluding pharmaceuticals', 'electronic components, computers, video, sound and communication equipment manufacturing' and 'vehicle and trailer manufacturing'. It overlaps with electric·electronics, petro-chemicals and automobiles, which are Korea's main industries and areas of Korean global companies. Third, 31.5 percent of the sales of foreign-invested companies in the manufacturing sector are exported. Foreign-invested companies export their products to use them for their parents or affiliates or to the third countries. The analysis shows that foreign-invested companies invested in Korea for B2B transactions with Korean companies. The implications are that Korea can attract foreign investments by utilizing Korean companies' demand for intermediate goods. Foreign-invested companies can invest in Korea in order to use Korea, which has signed free trade agreements with the US, the EU and ASEAN, as an export platform.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2005

Pureundeul fanning corporation(PFC) is an cgmplary body of all producer organizations for environmentally friendly agriculture(EFA) in Korea. It is located at Asan in Chungnam and has 301 farmers. They attained more than 10 billion wons as a sale in 2004. And The direct marketing channel of the EFA products is the second logistics center(Asan) ${\to}$ the first logistics center(Gwangju Gyunggi) ${\to}$ local hansalim shops ${\to}$ consumers. It is needed to construct the system of the direct marketing as follows : First, it needs to construct the direct marketing system within the region for EFA products of Asan. Second, the direct shop and suppling area should be enlarged as a way to promote sales with the demand increase of EFA products. Third, an aggressive promotion campaign is be needed for increasing motivation of consumption and understanding of EFA products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.168-177
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• 2009

The proliferation of the internet and electronic commerce has given the manufacturers the opportunity of direct marketing. This study analyzes the decision of manufacturers regarding whether to sell the products through independent sales company or to sell the products to the consumer directly. To do this, a new demand function is proposed and sub and super games are modeled and analyzed based on the demand function. By analyzing the Nash equilibria, it is shown that the manufacturers' decision of direct or indirect marketing not only depends on the competitiveness between the products but the absolute and relative marketing capabilities of the manufacturers. It is also shown that, in some cases, the manufactures have incentive to rise the competitiveness between the products to maximize the channel profit.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2015

Local governments in Korea are involved in three types of online shopping sites : 'direct operation', 'outsourced operation', and 'sales agency.' They are different in terms of the site operator and the charging mechanism among a local government, the site operator, and local producers. This study analyzes their differences in site traffic, local producers' participation, promotion, and partnership. The results from the investigation of 72 shopping sites are the following. First, shopping sites of the 'direct operation' type and the 'outsourced operation' type show significantly higher participation of local producers. Second, the 'marketing agency' type has significantly higher number of promotional activities than the 'oursourced type' which has significantly higher number than the 'direct operation' type. Third, the number of partnerships in the 'marketing agency' type is the highest. The 'direct operation' type is the second and significantly higher than the 'outsourced type.' On the basis of the analysis results, this paper suggests an incubation ecosystem model as a better way of involvement by local governments in online shopping sites.