• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.233-244
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• 2011

Objectives : To evaluate the effectiveness of direct moxibustion in patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Methods : 5 patients (3 females and 2 males) with FBSS underwent direct moxibustion on ouch points (阿是穴) for 10 to 15 weeks (once a week). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated with NRS (numerical rating scale), ODI (Oswestry disability index), BDI (Beck depression inventory) score, SF-36 (short form 36 health survey) score and PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) before and after the treatment. Results : Within observation period, average value changed from 10.0 to 4.2 in NRS of pain, from 37.0 to 20.6 in ODI, from 20.6 to 12.0 in BDI score, 42.2 to 62.6 in SF-36 score, and from 8.6 to 5.2 in PSQI. Conclusions : Direct moxibustion on FBSS patients showed more or equivalent effectiveness when compared to conventional FBSS treatment modalities.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2009

본 연구는 여자 대학생의 손 씻기 의식, 실천/이행, 그리고 그 차이를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 한 대학교의 여자 대학생들에 대하여 손 씻기 의식에 관한 설문조사를 수행하고, 동 대학교 캠퍼스 내의 화장실에서 손 씻기 실천/이행을 직접 관찰조사를 통하여 수행하였으며, 그 차이 여부를 검증하였다. 조사대상 여자 대학생들은 설문조사에서 손 씻기 빈도, 손 씻는 제제사용 여부, 손 씻는 부위/범위 및 손 말리는 방법 등에서 전공분야별로 차이를 보였으나 화장실 사용 후 손 씻기에 대한 의식에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또 화장실 사용 후 손 씻기에 대한 의식(97.4%)과 실천/이행(98.2%)은 높은 편이었다. 그러나 설문조사에서 10초 이상 손을 씻는다는 응답(46.4%)에 비하여 관찰조사에서 실제로 10초 이상 씻은 사람은 6.3%에 불과하였다. 관찰조사에서 비누를 사용한 사람은 0.9%로 설문조사의 60.9%에 비하여 아주 저조하였고 손 씻는 부위/범위에 있어 네 부위를 씻은 사람도 0.9%에 불과하였다. 손을 씻은 후 말리는 방법으로는 설문조사와 관찰조사에서 모두 휴지/종이타올을 선호하였다. 손 씻는 시간, 비누 사용여부, 손 씻는 부위/범위 및 손 말리는 방법 등 주요항목에서 관찰조사와 설문조사 사이에 매우 유의한 차이가 나타나(p<0.01) 조사대상 여자 대학생들의 경우 손씻기 의식과 그 실천/이행에는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 손 씻기 행동을 대학 캠퍼스 이외의 화장실에서 장기간 관찰해볼 필요가 있다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.731-737
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• 2001

In this paper, we suggest and implement an internet survey system cooperating the randomized response technique(RRT). We compare it with the direct survey. RRT is an indirect survey method to get true information from the respondent who is conceived to have sensitive character without revealing his/her status. We implement our system(method) based a data-base system, so it common all kind of data obtained through internet surveys. This system also can be used in spot survey independently.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2018

Purpose - Recognizing the importance of small and medium enterprises and venture enterprises for the domestic economy, the purpose of the present study is to select factor termed export modes from among various export success strategies and factors that can help those enterprises secure export competitiveness in the world market to analyze the effects of export modes on the amounts of exports and periods until export after the foundation of those enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - A structured questionnaire was used as a tool to derive the purpose of the study, and a questionnaire survey was conducted using a mobile survey technique that facilitated the distribution of questionnaire sheets and the collection of results. The main methodology used is crossover analysis, and the regression analysis technique was applied to verify the study results derived, thereby securing the reliability and validity of the final results derived. Results - Small and medium venture enterprises with shorter periods of time until the first export success after establishment adopted direct export modes more frequently, and those enterprises with larger amounts of the first export after establishment adopted direct export modes more frequently. The results of quantitative analysis, indicating that 66.1% of those enterprises with an export amount exceeding one billion won adopted direct export modes, can be said to support the foregoing. The crossover analysis results derived as such were reanalyzed using the PPML regression analysis technique to quantitatively identify that the amounts of the first export of enterprises that adopted direct export modes were larger than those of enterprises that adopted indirect export modes by 120%. Conclusions - The present study implies differentiated values in three aspects. First, the present study investigated and presented the export success factors and strategies of small and medium venture enterprises in a total of 14 countries in the Asian region, European region, North American region, African region, and South American region. Second, it intensively investigated five export modes to identify and verify that they were affecting the export success of small and medium venture enterprises. Third, based on the results of the investigation, the present study presented two marketing implications in the pragmatic aspect.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.999-1012
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine depression in adulthood caused by the influence of negative life events (disaster accident, physical violence and emotional abuse) in pre-adulthood and explore the mediator effect of interpersonal maladjustment. To carry out such task, 974 people who have had negative life event experiences before the age of 18 were chosen based on the data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey(KGSS) and Stata 10.0 was used to do the analysis. As a result, it was found that there was a direct relationship between negative life events in pre-adulthood and depression in adulthood. Specifically, experiences from an accident or disaster had a direct impact on depression. Moreover, experiences of physical violence and emotional abuse not only had a direct influence on depression, but also through maladjustment, it had an indirectly partial mediator effect that increases the chances of depression. Through this result, it was evident that negative life events from pre-adulthood had a negative effect on continuous interpersonal maladjustment as well as psychological welfare throughout the adulthood. Therefore, there needs to be thorough prevention measures on negative life events in pre-adulthood and strongly take post treatment into consideration. Through building a safe life environment, great deal of social support from social organizations should be prepared systematically.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.174-184
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to improve the working environment by identifying the work satisfaction of the cleaning workers of the aircraft and measuring and assessing the harmful factors of the cleaning process. Methods: We asked 23 cleaning companies for questionnaires and got 100 answers from 5 companies. The A-E Airline health manager has been contacted to establish a site survey schedule. The in-flight and lounge were measured using direct reading equipment. The harmful factor to be measured are noise, dust, temperature, volatile organic compound, total airborne bacteria, and total airborne bacteria. Results: Uncomfortable positions when replacing blanket, cleaning the table, and cleaning the floor have been identified as factor that reduce work satisfaction. Noise when replacing newspapers and cleaning toilets has been identified as a factor that lowers work satisfaction. Temperature and humidity were found to reduce work satisfaction during in-flight disinfection. Measurements of aircraft cabin and lounge with direct read equipment have shown that none of the items exceed the exposure criteria. Conclusions: As a result of measuring direct-reading equipment, no items exceeded the exposure criteria for each harmful factor. A clear survey of the working environment is required based on the results, and additional research is needed using personal sample measurement.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

본 연구는 국토지리정보원이 운영하고 있는 측량대가 산정체계인 「측량대가의 기준」의 개선 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 현행 측량대가기준은 최초 제정 이후 크게 개정되지 않았으나 측량산업이 어려워지는 상황에서 대가기준의 현실화는 기술자 양성과 산업 발전을 위해 절실히 필요한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 측량대가기준의 문제점 분석 및 개선방안 도출을 위해, 측량대가기준의 개요와 기본적인 특성 및 연혁을 분석하고 국내 유사 기준과 비교하였다. 설문 조사를 통해 관·산의 의견을 수렴하고 노임단가와 간접비 요율에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 그 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직접비에 직접적인 영향을 주는 표준품셈의 정비가 필요하며 직접경비에 누락된 항목의 보완이 필요하다. 둘째, 외국의 대가기준 및 지적 분야와의 대가기준을 비교해 볼 때, 측량 분야의 노임단가가 상당히 낮은 수준이므로 이에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 셋째, 간접비의 요율은 적절한 것으로 분석되었으며, 간접비가 적절히 계상되지 않는 문제에 대해서는 교육·홍보의 강화를 통해 대응하여야 한다. 넷째, 신기술에 빠르게 대응하기 위해 측량용역대가 심의위원회의 운영 또는 표준시장단가체계 도입에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

It is expected that the market of residential facility for retired seniors will be a new investment field for construction firms. This study describes the questionnaire survey analysis results of potential customers' demand for the facility. For comparison purpose, direct construction cost was estimated by estimation experts. In addition, a case analysis was conducted to compare direct cost and indirect project cost with the experts' estimation. According to the questionnaire survey analysis, it is observed that there were significant differences in demand between groups which are classified by the regions, living expenditures, the level of property ownership and the scales of residence. From an investor's perspective, investment decision on residential facility for retired seniors should be made considering bothe the level of returns which can be generated from the investment and the customers' needs.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

This study presents the detailed methods for university facilities mapping using GPS and totalstation. In the control survey by GPS network adjustment, the level of significance for the height value of fourth order triangulation stations was estimated about loom. The accuracy analysis of height determination by totalstation for the traverse points showed that the RMSE came out 9mm to the basis of direct leveling, so it indicated that trigonometric leveling by totalstation was correct comparatively. For GPS/RTK method, the result of accuracy analysis about traverse points showed that the RMSE came out 33㎜ in horizontal location to the basis of totalstation's outcome and 15㎜ in height value to the basis of direct leveling. In the construction survey, GPS/RTK surveying is quicker and more economical than totalstation surveying in the feasible areas of GPS surveying, but there were many impossible areas lot GPS/RTK surveying by the obstacles like a building.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

This paper presents an evaluation of the interruption costs for commercial customers in Korea using customer survey methodology. When various research results are examined, the evaluation of direct interruption costs becomes much more simplified. Especially, in the case of commercial customers, it is known that the evaluation of direct interruption costs is more useful. Accordingly, this paper selected the customer survey method to evaluate the interruption costs for commercial customers in Korea considering interruption and customer characteristics.