• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.123-140
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• 2011

This study analyzed large distributors' trade features with local suppliers and their direct purchase features through the survey and the interview targeting some MDs(Merchandisers) in large retailers responsible for buying fresh foods (agricultural, fishery, livestock and proceeded products). As the result of conducting the survey targeting the large purchase MDs, it was found that when they select local suppliers, they importantly consider the factors of stable products supply, the quality management, the aggressive management attitude, the affordable (cheap) price, and the suggestion of differentiated goods in order. Concerning their direct purchases in local places, their preference toward the direct-purchase traders were higher than that toward vendors and whole markets as their existing major traders. Among the traders for direct purchase, they preferred farm corporations (including agricultural corporations) the most, and followed the National Agricultural Cooperative, and the unit agricultural cooperative in order. Regarding to the trades with suppliers, when they set the trade price, the merchandisers (MDs) of large distributors preferred long-term trades over 2 years, and utilized the factors of market rate(50.9%), production cost(31.2%) and sale price in the same industry(18.0%). For the local distribution organizations to aggressively counteract the changes of distribution environment in the consumption places, it needs some strategies to organize the agricultural production, to expand the production size and to specialize the distribution channels. And the supply system's continuality and stability are required, so it needs to establish the counteract system enabling to supply all year round through the link of production organizations. Additionally, as an effort to intensify the market negotiation ability, it should collect various market information from the consumption places.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2023

This study seeks to find a way to induce users to expand their direct participation in sports through the acceptance of digital technology. From July 1 to August 30, 2022, a survey was conducted targeting home training users who applied the Internet of Things (IoT). 129 people participated in the survey through non-face-to-face self-administration method. For data processing, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and 3-step mediation regression analysis were conducted using IBM's SPSS 21.0 program. The results of the study are as follows. First, in the relationship between the home training PPM model and direct participation in sports, ease appeared to have a mediating effect. In the factors of push, simple functionality showed a complete mediating effect, and inefficiency showed a partial mediating effect. Among pull factors, enjoyment and possibility of experience showed a complete mediating effect. In the mooring factors, individual innovativeness showed a complete mediating effect. Second, in the relationship between home training PPM model and direct participation in sports, usefulness showed a mediating effect. In the factors of push, simple functionality showed a complete mediating effect, and inefficiency showed a partial mediating effect. Among pull factors, enjoyment and possibility of experience showed a complete mediating effect. Among the mooring factors, individual innovativeness showed a partial mediating effect. Through this research, it is expected that the sports industry will contribute to the expansion of consumption expenditure and economic growth through the expansion of digital technologies such as NFT, Metaverse, and virtual/augmented reality.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.77.1-77.1
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• 2015

We present our recent work published in the MNRAS (Lee and Kim, 2014). Numerical studies of the imaging and caustic properties of the singular isothermal sphere (SIS) under a wide range of external shear (from 0.0 to 2.0) are presented. Using a direct inverse mapping formula for this lensing system, we investigate various lensing properties for both low-shear (i.e. ${\gamma}$<1.0) and high-shear (i.e. ${\gamma}$ >1.0) cases. We systematically analyse the effective lensing cross-sections of double-lensing and quadruple-lensing systems, based on the radio luminosity function obtained by the Jodrell-VLA Astrometric Survey (JVAS) and the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey (CLASS). We find that the limit of a survey selection bias (i.e. between brighter and fainter images) preferentially reduces the effective lensing cross-sections of two-image lensing systems. By considering the effects of survey selection bias, we demonstrate that the long-standing anomaly over the high quads-to-doubles ratios (i.e. 50~70 % for JVAS and CLASS) can be explained by the moderate effective shear of 0.16~0.18, which is half that of previous estimates. The derived inverse-mapping formula could make the SIS + shear lensing model useful for galaxy-lensing simulations.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Recently, the electrical DC survey has frequently been performed to assess the safety of embankment. This study showed that the damaged section of embankment could be appropriately detected by the survey only when the three dimensional effect was correctly considered. The shape of the three dimensional embankment was numerically implemented, and a proper modeling was performed to confirm the effect by analyzing the apparent and inverted true resistivity. Then, the field work was carried out. The three dimensional interpretation distinguished the erroneous weak zones from the geometrical artifact, and the embankment was ensured as safe both by the additional survey performed in rainy season and the partial excavation for direct observation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1974

A survey was carried out in order to figure out of phenomenon of increasing and decreasing rate of WBC during a day in normal and healthy person from Oct. 1, 1972 to Nov. 31, 1972. For this survey, it was classified by two groups 50 male students and 35 female students who are from 18 to 25 years old. The blood sampling was collected by thin smear method 8 times from 7:30 A.M. to 10:30 P.M. by 2 hours intervals and calculated by direct manual method. As the results of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained 1) Number of WBC was the lowest degree during the forenoon, and it was the highest degree around the midnight. It was increase from around the noon up to the midnight and decrease from the midnight up to around the noon. 2) Increasing and decreasing curve of WBC of male and female was keeping same pace with both sex in a day. 3) Increase and decrease of lymphocyte and eosinophil was keeping almost same pace with WBC. 4) Increasing rate of number of monocyte was more speedily increasing during the afternoon than the night.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2021

Objective: This study is about the physical therapy facilities and environmental and service satisfaction of patients visiting in the front military hospitals and divisions. Design: Survey study Methods: Prior to this survey, 28 users of the front division and military hospital were surveyed in advance to verify the survey through reliability analysis. For this survey, 1,300 questionnaires were distributed to seven frontline divisions and three military hospitals, of which 578 military hospitals and 479 divisions were collected. Among them, 1,042 pieces of data were used for the analysis, excluding 15 questionnaires that exceeded the research period of the division. Analysis methods used Cronbach-α and multiple regression for mean comparison analysis, factor analysis for validation, and reliability verification to verify differences between groups. Results: As a result of the satisfaction analysis, the division's stage satisfaction was higher than that of military hospitals, and as a result of analyzing the satisfaction items by sector, accessibility, re-visit doctors, and professionalism accounted for a large portion in the field of physical therapy services. As a result of a regression analysis, the factors that affect the satisfaction of physical therapy had the greatest impact on facility and environmental satisfaction, and expertise in physical therapy services. Conclusions: In the future, it will be necessary to improve the comfort of the physical therapy room and the expertise of physical therapy in order to improve the satisfaction level of physical therapy at military medical facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1072-1081
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to investigate the differences in appearance interest (clothing interest and body adornment) and self-confidence according to demographic variables such as age, education, and allowance, to examine the causal relationships of clothing interest and body adornment on self-confidence of elderly women. Subjects for this study were samples of 215 elderly women (ages 60 to 70) in Seoul, Korea. The instrument was a questionnaire and the survey was done in face-to-face method. 1. There was a significant difference in body adornment according to age. After age was controlled, there were significant differences in appearance interest and self-confidence according to education. There were significant differences in appearance interest and self- confidence according to allowance. 2. Education and allowance had a direct effect on clothing interest. Allowance, age, and education had a direct effect on body adornment. Education had a direct effect on allowance. 3. Clothing interest and allowance had a direct effect, and education had an indirect effect on self-confidence. Body adornment and allowance had a direct effect on self-confidence, education and age had an indirect effect on self-confidence. The present findings provide that appearance interest such as, clothing interest and body adornment had a significant effect on self-confidence of elderly women. It appeared that the connection between body adornment and allowance was stronger than the connection between clothing interest and allowance. The causal relationship of clothing interest on self- confidence was stronger than the causal relationship of body adornment on self-confidence. The clothing interest was a variable that most affected on self-confidence of elderly women.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2009

This study was focused on the transducer and suitable contact material for stone cultural heritage, and the correlation of direct-indirect method in rock types for scientific development and quantitative evaluation technique of the ultrasonic measurements. As a result, it was identified the transducer (UTREXTX(RX)54kHz) and contact material (rubber clay) of the type 3 were appropriate for the ultrasonic measurements of stone cultural heritage. The direct-indirect correction factors of type 3 were calculated 1.50 for granite, 1.38 for gabbro, 1.58 for quartz diorite, respectively. This result is the first study for improvement in reliability for the ultrasonic measurements, and it will contribute to establishment of the ultrasonic survey method for stone cultural heritage. Also, complementary studies considering the surface irregularity of rocks and various contact materials will carry out, and the database about correlation of direct-indirect in rock types will establish.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.531-542
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• 2015

This study examined the structural relationships among 4- and 5-year-old children's playfulness, communication skills, and creative characteristics. This research analyzed the direct and indirect influence of child's playfulness on communication skills and creative characteristics. The study subjects were 249 children who attend kindergartens located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area. A survey questionnaire was distributed to the children's mothers and teachers. The sample was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. The parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood method. The significance of indirect effect was tested by bootstrapping at .05 level. The results of this study were: (1) in both ages 4 and 5, playfulness had a direct and positive influence on communication skills, (2) in both ages, communication skills had a direct and positive effect on creative characteristics, and (3) the 5-year-old children's playfulness had a direct effect on creative characteristics, the 4-year-old children's playfulness did not exert direct influence onto creative characteristics. Communication skills 5-year-old children were seen to precipitate a partial mediation effect between playfulness and creative characteristics. At age 4, communication skills played a full mediation variable role between playfulness and creative characteristics. Discussions include suggestions to prosper creative characteristics through enhancing a child's playfulness and communication skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.116-130
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• 2017

Consumers who purchase products from foreign countries and deliver them back to Korea are increasing. According to the Korea Fashion & Textile News (2015), overseas direct shopping reported 39% increase compared to 2013. Furthermore, clothes accounted for 19% of product category. Therefore, the service quality of overseas purchase sites is becoming more important, but studies have been limited. this research focuses on investigating the effects of consumers' shopping orientation on service quality and the effects of service quality on trust, satisfaction, and consumer loyalty. The survey was administered to consumers who had experiences in purchasing through overseas direct purchase websites. The results showed that the perception of service quality differed depending on the respondent's shopping orientation. Among the four shopping orientation groups(shopping confidence, shopping enjoyment, trend pursuit, and shopping follower groups), the shopping confidence group showed the highest mean for all service quality factors. All the groups showed the highest scores on product and trust among the factors of service quality. Next, the results revealed that service quality positively influenced consumers' trust on websites that provide overseas direct purchase services, which further improved customer loyalty. Therefore, the study gives managerial suggestions to online retailers that provide oversea shopping service. They need to provide higher site efficiency, security, product reliability, and responsiveness to cultivate international customers' trust and satisfaction. In particular, it will be important for them to offer accurate, reliable product information and various languages for overseas customers.