• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.01a
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• pp.21-22
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• 2000

Laser diagnostic method in a plasma display discharge cell was introduced. The information of electric field, potential and electron temperature et al. in the surface of plasma display panel can be measured using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. However, because of the very small discharge dimension of ${\sim}$ 100 ${\mu}m$, the measurement attempt has almost not been performed. In this paper, the direct measurement possibility of the parameters and the recent work of electric field measurement are demonstrated in the plasma display panel.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-81
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• 2000

This study examined nursing care in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by reviewing nursing activities for the newborns. Through direct observation, time used for nursing care according to the nursing activity, shift, day of the week, and position of the nurses was measured. This study was done on November 15, 21, 24, 1999 at a university medical center hospital and included eight nurses and 179 newborns as the study subjects. The data were collected from the medical records, and by using a nursing activity record for the NICU, and a nursing activity time record for the NICU. The first step in the data collection process was to develop a list of nursing activities which was done through a literature review, examination of medical affairs and duty records. Content validity was measured by a panel of three professors who were experienced clinicians. In the second step two pre-training sessions were held with three sophomore student nurses who then measured the time for each nursing activity using a stopwatch. The data were analyzed using frequencies for nursing activities, averages, percentages and ANOVA for differences between shift and between days of the week, and percentages and t-test for differences according to position of the nurse. The results are as follows: 1) The total number of activities was 156, direct or indirect nursing activities. Direct nursing activity classified according to physical, educational, emotional/social/economic/spiritual needs. There were 109 direct nursing activities in 16 fields. 2) The order of nursing activities, according to time required, was record keeping, nutritional care, measurement/observation, medication, hygiene care, examination and specimen collection, and checking supplies, and according to frequency, measurement/ examination, record keeping, nutrition care, hygiene care, elimination care and medication. 3) According to shift, direct care during the night shift at 313.4 minutes was the longest time and indirect nursing care during the night shift at 252.2 minutes was the highest time. 4) For days of the week, Monday had the highest time for direct care 275.8 minutes (34.6%) and Wednessday had the highest time for indirect nursing care 269.6 minutes (36.1%). 5) For nursing time according to position of nurse, general nurses had the highest for direct care (330.7 minutes), nurse managers for indirect nursing activities (239.0 minutes) and general nurses for individual private time (63.9 minutes). The results of this study show that the major nursing time consuming activities included record keeping, nutrition care and measurement/examination. For newborns, time needs to be allowed for care to be sensitive, sophisticated and specialized rather than concentrated on indirect nursing tasks such as record keeping. Therefore, it is imperative to develop computerized systems that support a systematic approach to record keeping which is more efficient. Moreover, nursing needs according to shift, day or position of nurse can be utilized in assessing nursing resources through a computerized process.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.409-429
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the ambivalence of adult children to their elderly parents. 410 adult children who married and having alive mother or father were included. First, direct measurement for asking ambivalence was developed and the relationship between direct and indirect measurements of ambivalence was tested. Next, the influences of parental, children, and relational characteristics on ambivalence were examined. Nine items were selected as direct measurement of ambivalence through the exploratory factor analysis and item response theory. The relationship between direct measure and indirect measure was from .543(p<.000) to r=.625(p<.000) based on gender and generation. The effects of indirect ambivalence on conflict was bigger than direct one for both sons and daughters and the influences of direct measurement on intimacy and relational satisfaction were bigger than indirect one. In case of sons, caregiving obligation was the biggest predictor on ambivalence for mothers and value differences was on ambivalence for fathers. For daughters, age of self was the biggest predictor on ambivalence for mothers and age of fathers was the one for fathers. These results were discussed on the meanings of ambivalence for elderly mothers and fathers in Korea comparing with Chinese and Western cultures.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2019

Direct teaching is an essential function for collaborative robots for easy use by non-experts. For most robots, direct teaching is implemented only in joint space because the realization of Cartesian space direct teaching, in which the orientation of the end-effector is fixed while teaching, requires a measurement of the end-effector force. Thus, it is limited to the robots that are equipped with an expensive force/torque sensor. This study presents a Cartesian space direct teaching method for torque-controlled collaborative robots without either a force/torque sensor or joint torque sensors. The force exerted to the end-effector is obtained from the external torque which is estimated by the disturbance observer-based approach with the friction model. The friction model and the estimated end-effector force were experimentally verified using the robot equipped with joint torque sensors in order to compare the proposed sensorless approach with the method using torque sensors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.279-285
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• 1993

This paper presents a precision automatic measuring system for ball screw Pitch. Ball screw is mounted on a precision indexing table, and the ball screw pitch is measured via magnetic scale, where the indexing and measurement are performed by a PC. For precision indexing of ball screw, direct driven motor is coupled to the designed dead and live centers; the performance of the centers are assessed with a precision master sylinder,such as radial motion,tilt motion, and axial motions. An error compensation model is constructed for the measurement system of ball screw pitch, where the error motions of indexing system as well as the scale measurement system are combined to give the measurement error for the ball screw. The developed system proposes an automated precision measurement system for manufacturers and users of ball screw.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.116-120
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• 1991

Technique of length measurement error is widely used in the accuracy assessment of CMMS(Coordinate measuring machines) and machine tools, as it is simple and direct measurement within the working volume of a machine. In this paper, a new method is proposed for the evaluation of the length measurement error in relation to the volumetric accuracy. lD, 2D, and 3D measuring lines are considered for recpective length measurement error: 1D, 2D, and 3D length measurement uncertainties are evaluated from volumetric accuracy. The relationship between the volumetric accuracy md length measurement error to is discussed. PC based system for length measurement error evaluation and simulation is developed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the weight measurement tasks according to children's ages and whether 4-to 6-year-old children use proper measurement equipment to measure weight. The study subjects were 105 preschool children: 37,38, and 30 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children, respectively. The results showed that young children use 3 to 4 strategies. They used a strategy to estimate objects visually on the first step in measurement by direct comparison. On the second step, in measurement by nonstandard unit, they held up objects with one hand or two hands. That is, two strategies were shown in measuring objects with hands in this second step. On the third step, which is measured by standard unit, they used a strategy to choose the equal arm balance out of suggested measurement equipment.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2024

To non-destructively determine the burnup of a spent nuclear fuel assembly, it is essential to analyze the nuclear isotopes present in the assembly and detect the neutrons and gamma rays emitted from these isotopes. Specifically, gamma-ray measurement methods can utilize a single radiation measurement value of ¹³⁷Cs or measure based on the energy peak ratio of Cs isotopes such as ¹³⁴Cs/¹³⁷Cs and ¹⁵⁴Eu/¹³⁷Cs. In this study, we validated the extent to which the results of gamma-ray measurements using cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) sensors based on ¹³⁷Cs could be accurately simulated by implementing identical conditions on MCNP. To simulate measurement scenarios using a lead collimator, we propose equations that represent radiation behavior that reaches the detector by assuming "Direct hit" and "Penetration with attenuation" situations. The results obtained from MCNP confirmed an increase in measurement efficiency by 0.47 times when using the CZT detector, demonstrating the efficacy of the measurement system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1661-1666
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• 2000

Nowadays, the two microphone method is accepted as the standard as specified in ASTM E1050-90 for measuring in-duct acoustic properties. However, research results on using the least square method with multiple measurement points and broadband excitation have been reported for enhancing the frequency response of the two microphone method. In this paper, the effects of varying the relative measurement positions on errors in the estimation of the acoustic quantities is studied for the multiple microphone method. Both of the theoretical and experimental results show that, among every possible sensor positioning configurations, the equidistant positioning of sensors yields the smallest error within the effective measurement frequency range. In addition, it is noted that the measurement accuracy can be increased and the effective frequency range can be widened by increasing the number of equidistant sensors. Measurement examples are shown and the results support the findings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

This study is to validate the K University daylight measurement system according to the CIE guide of recommended practice of daylight measurement. In this study global irradiance, illuminance, direct normal illuminance, diffuse irradiance, illuminance and vertical illuminances(North, West, South, East) were measured and compared in accordance with the CIE quality control test. Field monitoring was conducted from 1st August to 15th August 2010. Results for the CIE tests 1 to 4 showed an accuracy of 100%. This indicates that the K University daylight measurement system is reliable and the measurement data would be useful for further daylight researches.