• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1998

In the flip chip interconnection on organic substrates using eutectic Pb/Sn solder bumps highly reliable Under Bump Metallurgy (UBM) is required to maintain adhesion and solder wettability. Various UBM systems such as 1$\mu$m Al/0.2$\mu$m Pd/1$\mu$m Cu, laid under eutectic Pb/Sn solder were investigated with regard to their interfacial reactions and adhesion proper-ties. The effects of numbers of solder reflow and aging time on the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and on the solder ball shear strength were investigated. Good ball shear strength was obtained with 1$\mu$m Al/0.2$\mu$m Ti/5$\mu$m Cu and 1$\mu$m Al/0.2$\mu$m ni/1$\mu$m Cu even after 4 solder reflows or 7 day aging at 15$0^{\circ}C$. In contrast 1$\mu$m Al/0.2$\mu$m Ti/1$\mu$m Cu and 1$\mu$mAl/0.2$\mu$m Pd/1$\mu$m 쳐 show poor ball shear strength. The decrease of the shear strength was mainly due to the direct contact between solder and nonwettable metal such as Ti and Al resulting in a delamination. In this case thin 1$\mu$m Cu and 0.2$\mu$m Pd diffusion barrier layer were completely consumed by Cu-Sn and pd-Sn reaction.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2005

Objectives : Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy (FCST) is a new physiologic therapeutics developed in Korea as a meridian yinyang balance approach. The theory of yinyang balance has been at the core of health enhancement approach of meridian and acupuncture medicine ever since its start. Methods : Introductory overview of FCST is presented in relation with meridian yinynag balance theory. Results : As the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and related tissues have direct interconnection with brainstem proprioceptive or motor systems and the face is where all the meridians converge, FCST applies a fine adjustment of the posture of TMJ as a treatment tool for neurologic conditions or meridian imbalances. Conclusions : Highly sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to adjust various subset aspects of yinyang balance are developed within FCST, which is supposed to be one of major contributions to natural healing.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.288-294
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• 1999

솔더 범프를 사용하는 플립 칩 접속기술에서 범프와 칩 사이에 위치하는 금속 충들의 조합을 UBM(Under Bump Metallurgy)라고 부르며 이 UBM을 어떤 조합으로 사용하는 가에 따라 접속의 안정성이 크게 좌우된다. 본 연구에서는 UBM중에서 솔더 접착 층으로 사용되는 구리 층의 두께를 $1\mu\textrm{m}와 5\mu\textrm{m}$로 하는 한편 barrier 층으로 사용되는 금속 층을 Ti, Ni, Pd으로 변화시키면서 이들 UBM과 공정 납-주석 사이의 계면반응을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 $100\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 솔더 범프를 전해도금법을 사용하여 제작하고 리플로 횟수와 시효시간에 따른 각 UBM에서의 금속간 화합물의 성장을 관찰하였다. $Cu_6Sn_5 \eta'$-상 금속간 화합물이 모든 조건에서 형성되었고 Cu층의 두께가 $5\mu\textrm{m}$로 두꺼운 경우에는 $Cu_3Sn \varepsilon$-상도 관찰되었다. Pd을 사용한 UBM 구조에서는 시효 처리시에 $Cu_6Sn_5$ 상 아래쪽에 $PdSn_4$상이 형성되었다. 또한 이들 계면에서의 금속간 화합물의 성장은 솔더 범프의 접속강도 값과 밀접한 관계를 가진다.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-104
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-14}$ m and then the converging $\pi$-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion, because of the $\pi$-rays'hindrances, nearthenucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. Conventional Concept of Electric Field must be extended in the case of the direct and alternating current. Conventional concept is based on coulomb's force while the electric potential in the direct and alternating current is from Gibb's free energy. And also conventional concept has not any consciousness with human being but the latters has a conscious sensibility. The cell emf is from the kinetic energy of the open $\pi$-rays flow through the conducting wire. The electric potential in alternating current is from that the trans-orbital moving of the induced change of magnetic field in the wire produces flows of open $\pi$-rays, which push the rotating electrons on the orbital and then make the current flow. Human consciousness can induce a resonance with the sensibility of the open $\pi$-rays in the electric measuring equipment. Specially treated acupunctures with Nasucon is for sending an acupunctural effect from one place to another via space by someone's will power.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 1998

Background : It has been established that the fundamental frequency(Fo) of the vowels varies systemically as a function of vowel height. Specifically, high vowels have a higher Fo than low vowels. Two major explanations or hypotheses dominate contemporary accounts of fired to explain the mechanisms underlying intrinsic variation in vowel Fo, source-tract coupling hypothesis and tongue-pull hypothesis. Objectives : Total laryngectomy surgery necessiates removal of all structures between the hyoid bone and the tracheal rings. Therefore, the assumption that no direct interconnection exists between the tongue and pharyngoesophageal segment that would mediate systematic variation in vowel Fo appears quite reasonable. If tongue-pull hypothesis is correct, systemic differences in Fo between high versus low vowels produced by esophageal speakers would not Or expected. We analyzed the Fo in the vowels of esophageal voice. Materials and method : The subjects were 11 cases of laryngectomee patients with fluent esophageal voice. The five essential vowels were recorded and analyzed with computer speech analysis system(Computerized Speech Lab). The Fo was measured using acoustic waveform, automatically and manually, and narrow band spectral analysis. Results : The results of this study reveal that intrinsic variation in vowel Fo is clearly evident in esophageal speech. By analysis using acoustic waveform automatically, the signals were too irregular to measure the Fo precisely. So the data from automatic analysis of acoustic waveform is not logical. But the Fo by measuring with manually calculated acoustic waveform or narrowband spectral analysis resulted in acceptable results. These results were interpreted to support neither the source-tract coupling nor the tongue-pull hypotheses and led us to offer an alternative explanation to account for intrinsic variation of Fo.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

사람과 사람, 사물과 사물이 유 무선 네트워크로 연결되어 서비스를 제공하는 것이 IoT이다. 인터넷을 통해 각 디바이스가 직접 연결되는 IoT의 특성으로 인해 보안에 대한 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 때문에 IoT 환경에서 발생할 수 있는 다양한 보안 문제를 해결하기 위한 인증 프로토콜을 비롯한 보안 모듈이 계속적으로 개발되어 왔으나 여전히 취약점이 발견되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서 제안한 인증 프로토콜에는 기존의 인증 프로토콜에서 생략되어 있는 게이트웨이에 대한 인증 절차와 디바이스와 게이트웨이 상호간의 인증 절차를 추가하였다. 인증 절차가 추가된 프로토콜은 공격자의 위장 공격에 대응할 수 있다. 또한, 인증에 이용되는 메시지에 중요한 정보는 암호키로 암호화하거나 해시 함수를 이용하여 보호함으로써 도청 공격에 대응할 수 있게 하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2001

클러스터 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위해서는 Myrinet과 같은 고성능 통신망 인터페이스가 필수적이다. 그러나 Myrinet에서 동작하는 저수준 통신 계층들은 각기 고유한 통신 방식을 사용하므로 호환성이 떨어진다. 따라서 MPI와 같은 통신 프로그래밍 표준을 효율적으로 구현하여 응용프로그램 수준에서 고성능과 호환성을 동시에 제공하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 VMMC 통신 계층을 기반으로 MPI를 구현하였다. VMMC의 직접 저장 방식은 MPI의 Send/Recv 방식을 지원하기에 적합하지 않지만 본 논문에서는 두 가지 통신 방식을 변화하기 위한 송수신 큐 구조를 설계하고 늦은 위치 갱신, 선택적 무복사 전송 등의 최적화 기법을 적용함으로써 높은 전송성능을 얻는다. MPI-VMMC의 최대 전송 대역폭은 90.7Mbytes/sec이며 이는 VMMC 통신 계층의 최대 전송 성능의 95%에 달한다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2022

최신 볼류메트릭 기술이 제공하는 높은 기하학적 정확도와 사실성은 실제 객체와 캡춰된 3D 모델 간 높은 일치도를 보장한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이렇게 획득된 3D 모델은 프레임 간 완전히 독립적인 3D모델로 시퀀스를 구성하고 있다는 측면에서, 매 프레임 모델 표면 구조(Geometry)의 일관성이 보장 되지 않으며, 정점(Vertex)의 밀도가 매우 높고 정점 간 연결 노드(Edge)가 매우 복잡해지는 특징을 확인 할 수 있다. 이 기술을 통해 생성된 3D 모델은 영화나 비디오 게임 제작 파이프라인에서 제작된 모델과는 본질적으로 다르며, 실시간 렌더링, 애니메이션 및 시뮬레이션, 압축과 같은 응용 분야에서 직접 사용하기에 적합하지 않다. 이와는 대조적으로 우리의 방법은 프레임 간 3D 모델 표면 구조의 높은 일관성을 확보하는 리메싱(Remeshing)과 비강체 표면(Non-rigid Shape)의 대응(Correspondences) 및 매칭(Matching)을 통한 점진적 변형(Deformation) 과정 및 텍스쳐 전달(Texture Transfer) 과정을 연결함으로서 볼류메트릭 3D 모델 시퀀스 품질의 일관성을 유지하며, 후 처리 과정의 자동화를 제공한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1455-1466
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop the framework of community-based home care nursing delivery system, and to demonstrate and evaluate the efficiency of it. The study was carned out over a period of 3years from September 1996 to August 1999. The researchers developed Standards for operations, this was all aimed toward a home care recording system, and an assessment intervention algorithm for various diseases quality control and standardization. In the center, 185 patients enrolled, and of the enrollments cerebrovascular disorder and cancer were the most prevailment diseases. Also, a home care nursing activity classification was developed in six domains. Those domains were assessment, medication, treatment, education and consultation, emotional care, and referral or follow-up care. Ten sub-domains were divided according to the systematic needs. Among these nursing activities, treatment, assessment, and education and consultation were frequently performed. In sub-domain classification, skin integrity, respiration, circulation, and immobility related care were provided most frequently. The cost of home care nursing per visit was also suggested. The cost include direct and indirect nursing care, management, and transportation cost. Also, the researchers tried to overcome the limitations of hospital-based home care to provide more accessible, efficient, safe, and stable home care nursing. Therefore, clients were referred from other patients, families, public health care centers, industries, and even hospitals. As a result of this study, several limitations of operation were found. First, it was difficult to manage and communicate with doctor in the emergency situations. Second, there was too much time spent for transportation. This was because they are only five nurses, who cover all of the areas of Seoul and nearby cities. Third, preparation for special care of home care nurses was lacking. Fourth, criteria for the termination of care and the frequency of home visits were ambiguous. Finally, interconnection with home care machinery company was so yely needed. New paragraphs' strategies for solving these problems were suggested. This study will be the basis of community-based home care nursing, and the computerized information delivery system for home care nursing in Korea.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.475-479
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• 2012

본 논문은 고차가지구조 폴리머인 AEO3000 를 이용한 UV 광경화 성형 공정을 제안하고자 한다. 이는 기존의 바이오칩 제작에 사용되는 PDMS 보다 경도가 높아 금속 전극 형성이 용이하고 제작 공정이 빠르다는 장점을 갖는다. AEO3000 을 이용하여 본 연구에서는 4 개의 소자를 전기적 유체적으로 연결할 수 있는 전기유체 통합벤치를 제작하고 미소유체 혼합소자와 세포분리소자를 연결, 본 소재와 공정이 바이오칩에 적용될 수 있음을 검증하였다. 전기 유체적 특성 분석 결과 전기적 접촉 저항은 $0.75{\pm}0.44{\Omega}$으로 충분히 작은 값을 보였으며, 유체 접속의 압력 저하는 8.3kPa로 기존의 튜브 연결 방법 대비 39.3% 개선된 값을 보였다. 통합벤치에 접속된 소자에 활성 및 비활성 효모를 주입하여 순차적인 혼합 및 재분리를 성공적으로 구현함으로써 본 소자에 적용된 AEO3000 및 UV 광경화 공정이 생체시료의 처리에 적용될 수 있음을 실험적으로 검증하였다. 이는 바이오 의료 분야에 적용 가능한 생체 친화적 소재의 고속 생산에 응용될 수 있다.