• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2015

In this study, a new strain of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Poongnyunko was bred from dikaryotic KFRI 490 and monokaryotic KFRI 536 by Di-mon crossing method. In this study, the productivity was conducted through bed-log and sawdust substrate cultivation. The Poongnyunko showed significant intensive production from summer to autumn. Optimum temperatures of fruit-body formation were $17{\sim}24^{\circ}C$. The total amount of fruit-body production during 4 years by bed-log cultivation was $22kg/m^3$, and total yield of fruit-body until the 3rd flush was 648 g/ 2 kg. In case of sawdust substrate cultivation, the mycelial incubation period was 110~130 days. The suitable temperature and relative humidity were $18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $90{\pm}5%$ respectively.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 2011

MST247ns(Hwaseong #2) was developed by the method of Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains derived from "Hwaseong #1" and dikaryotic strain "Suhan #1". The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was $25-30^{\circ}C$. The optimum temperature of primordia formation and fruiting body development were $8-15^{\circ}C$ and $9-14^{\circ}C$. Days of primordia formation were 4-5 days later Suhan #1. The stipes were longer than "Suhan #1". The surfaces of stipe were white and the tissues got harder and more elastic. Therefore, the management of growth environment under low temperatures was relatively easy and storability got much better.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.212-216
• /
• 2015

A new commercial strain "Mongdol" of oyster mushroom was developed by hyphal anastomosis. It was improved with hybridization between monokaryotic strain derived from Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 0627 and dikaryotic strain derived from P. ostreatus ASI 2929. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, respectively. When two different media including PDA (potato dextrose agar medium) and MCM (mushroom complete medium) were compared, the mycelial growth of this mushroom was faster in MCM than in PDA. Similar result was observed with the control strain P. ostreatus ASI 2504. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar "Mongdol" showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strain ASI 2504, when RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primer URP3 and URP6 were used. Fruiting body production per bottle was about 106 g using demonstration farms. The color of pileus was blackish gray and the stipe was long. Therefore, we expect that this new strain "Mongdol" will satisfy the consumer's demand for high quality mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.59-63
• /
• 2016

A new commercial strain of oyster mushroom (was developed by hyphal anastomosis, and was improved byhybridization between a monokaryotic strain derived from Pleurotus ostreatus ASI 0635 (Gonji 7ho) and a dikaryotic strain derived from P. ostreatus ASI 0666 (Mongdol). The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and fruiting body development were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and $12{\sim}18^{\circ}C$, respectively. When PDA (potato dextrose agar medium) and MCM (mushroom complete medium) were compared, mycelial growth was faster in MCM. Similar results were observed with the control strain P. ostreatus ASI 2504 (Suhan 1ho). Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar ('Gosol') showed a different DNA profile from that of the control ASI 2504 strain, when RAPD (raurpDNA) primers URP1, 2, 3, and 7 were used. Fruiting body production per bottle was approximately116 g based on a production performance test. In addition, yields from a farm field trial were stably achieved in an inadequate production enviro. The color of the pileus was blackish gray, and the stipe was long and thick. Therefore, we expect that this new strain will satisfy consumer demand for high quality mushrooms.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.487-495
• /
• 2021

Lentinula edodes is a tetrapolar basidiomycete and its mating type is determined by two unlinked genetic loci, A and B. Theoretically, one dikaryotic strain could produce basidiospores with four different mating types in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Previous studies have described the skewed segregation ratio of mating types among basidiospores of L. edodes. However, they were based only on morphological characteristics, such as clamp connection, to determine mating types. To clarify whether the segregation distortion of mating types is a general phenomenon in L. edodes, we analyzed the mating types of basidiospores obtained from three cultivars of L. edodes using recently developed DNA markers. We found that the skewed segregation of mating types was strain-specific, as reported previously. Among the three cultivars, one cultivar showed balanced segregation, while the other two displayed distorted segregation. We also examined the relationship between mating type and mycelial growth rate of monokaryons derived from each basidiospore. It was found that the monokaryotic mycelial growth rate was related to the A mating type but not to the B mating type. Therefore, homeodomain transcription factor genes that reside on the A locus or other genes linked to the A locus affect the growth rate of monokaryotic mycelia. Considering the importance of mating types in mushroom breeding, this study is informative for establishing an efficient breeding strategy as well as for understanding the mechanism of monokaryotic mycelial growth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.27 no.5 s.92
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 1999

Five white fruitbodies of Ganoderma lucidum found from two different mushroom farms, and the characteristics of atypical fruiting structure formation of these strains were described. The white fruitbodies were spontaneously generated on Quercus-log during the cultivation. They did not differentiate to the normal fruitbodies with pileus, hymenium, stipe and coloration, and fruitbodies remained non-laccateed even after 3 months. Dikaryotic mycelia isolated from the five white fruitbodies differed from wild-type strains in the mycelial growth rate, colony color, and the capacity of atypical fruiting structure (AFS) formation on agar media. These white mutants readily induced brown colored AFSs on the colonies under ventilation and illumination conditions. Both isolates Gl-010 and Gl-011 that were obtained from a normal and white fruitbody, respectively, did not form AFSs in the dark and/or under black light blue (BLB) light illumination, but induced under the visible light. They required dim light for the AFS formation, and the AFS formation was inhibited up to $0.5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;S^{-1}$ in light intensity. However, the other four isolates induced AFSs even in the dark and BLB illumination, although their parent strain, isolate Gl-030, did not form AFSs under any light conditions. The monokaryotic mycelia derived from basidiospores of the AFSs of the white mutants were compatible with the original culture (dikaryon) on a dual culture.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.244-248
• /
• 2013

"Hwaseong 5ho" was developed by the method of Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains derived from "Hwaseong 1ho" and dikaryotic strain "PSC109". The color of pileus was dark grayish brown, the shape of pileus was convex or infundibuliform. The length of stipe was longer and the thickness of stipe was some thinner than Suhan 1ho. Material properties of stipe of "Hwaseong 5ho" was higher in strength, hardness, chewingness and brittleness than Suhan 1ho, but similar in elasticity and cohesion. RAPD using URP-primer showed not the same between two strains. Days of primordia formation period were 22-27 days after spawning, that was a little later than Suhan 1ho. In the trial using culture box containing composted cotton waste, yield index of 'Hwaseong 5ho' was 16.6% higher than Suhan 1ho. The farm field trial were showed stable productivity in each different growing conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 2020

Lentinula edodes is one of the most widely consumed edible mushrooms in Korea. Mating in L. edodes is regulated by a tetrapolar system, and two unlinked genetic loci, A and B, are known to be major determinants of the mating types, as reported in other heterothallic basidiomycetes. The A locus of L. edodes encodes a pair of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors. The highly variable N-termini of these HD transcription factors contribute to the diversity among the A mating types. In this study, we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker to discriminate 11 different A mating type alleles predominant among both cultivated and wild strains. Amplification of the variable region of the A locus followed by digestion with HaeIII and EcoRI restriction enzymes enabled successful discrimination among the 11 A mating type alleles. We also evaluated the applicability of this method in the identification of two A mating types of a dikaryotic strain.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2011

To develop a new cultivar of King oyster mushroom(Pleurotus eryngii), G09-21 as parental strain was selected by the method of Di-mon crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from ASI 2824(Keunneutari No.2) and dikaryotic strain ASI 2887(Aeryni 3). The Pe21-51($G09-21-10{\times}2844-11$) was shown the best cultural characteristics, selected to be a new cultivar and named as 'Song-A'. The 'Song-A' was formed incompatibility line distinctly in the confrontation growth of parental strains Keunneutari No.2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth, fruiting body development and pH arrange were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, $14{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ and pH5~8, respectively. Fruiting body production per bottle was about $94.7{\pm}29.5$ g which is almost 106% quantity compared to that of other cultuvar Keunneutari No.2. And also the stip is thick and long but the number of available stipe is few. Analysis of the genetic characteristics of the new cultivar 'Song-A' showed a different DNA profile as that of the control strains, Keunneutari No.2, Aeryni 3 and ASI 2844, when RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers URP4 and 7 were used. This new cultivar 'Song-A' of Pleurotus eryngii is characterized by a small number of primordia formation and the stip is thick and long. Therefore, we expect that this new strain will save of labor and cost by without culling work.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2015

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation(ATMT) of Flammulina velutipes was used to produce a diverse number of transformants to discover the functions of gene that is vital for its variation color, spore pattern and cellulolytic activity. Futhermore, the transformant pool will be used as a good genetic resource for studying gene functions. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was conducted in order to generate intentional mutants of F. velutipes strain KACC42777. Then Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-1 harboring pBGgHg was transformed into F. velutipes. This method is use to determine the functional gene of F. velutipes. Inverse PCR was used to insert T-DNA into the tagged chromosomal DNA segments and conducting sequence analysis of the F. velutipes. But this experiment had trouble in diverse morphological mutants because of dikaryotic nature of mushroom. It needed to make monokaryotic fruiting varients which introduced genes of compatible mating types. In this study, next generation sequencing data was generated from 28 strains of Flammulina velutipes with different phenotypes using Illumina Hiseq platform. Filtered short reads were initially aligned to the reference genome (KACC42780) to construct a SNP matrix. And then we built a phylogenetic tree based on the validated SNPs. The inferred tree represented that white- and brown- fruitbody forming strains were generally separated although three brown strains, 4103, 4028, and 4195, were grouped with white ones. This topological relationship was consistently reappeared even when we used randomly selected SNPs. Group I containing 4062, 4148, and 4195 strains and group II containing 4188, 4190, and 4194 strains formed early-divergent lineages with robust nodal supports, suggesting that they are independent groups from the members in main clades. To elucidate the distinction between white-fruitbody forming strains isolated from Korea and Japan, phylogenetic analysis was performed using their SNP data with group I members as outgroup. However, no significant genetic variation was noticed in this study. A total of 28 strains of Flammulina velutipes were analyzed to identify the genomic regions responsible for producing white-fruiting body. NGS data was yielded by using Illumina Hiseq platform. Short reads were filtered by quality score and read length were mapped on the reference genome (KACC42780). Between the white- and brown fruitbody forming strains. There is a high possibility that SNPs can be detected among the white strains as homozygous because white phenotype is recessive in F. velutipes. Thus, we constructed SNP matrix within 8 white strains. SNPs discovered between mono3 and mono19, the parental monokaryotic strains of 4210 strain (white), were excluded from the candidate. If the genotypes of SNPs detected between white and brown strains were identical with those in mono3 and mono19 strains, they were included in candidate as a priority. As a result, if more than 5 candidates SNPs were localized in single gene, we regarded as they are possibly related to the white color. In F. velutipes genome, chr01, chr04, chr07,chr11 regions were identified to be associated with white fruitbody forming. White and Brown Fruitbody strains can be used as an identification marker for F. veluipes. We can develop some molecular markers to identify colored strains and discriminate national white varieties against Japanese ones.