• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2023

In three-dimensional(3D) modeling, texturing plays a crucial role as a visual element, imparting detail and realism to models. In contrast to traditional texturing methods, the current trend involves utilizing AI tools such as Leonardo.Ai and Meshy to create textures for 3D models in a more efficient and precise manner. This paper focuses on 3D texturing, conducting a comprehensive comparative study of AI tools, specifically Leonardo.Ai and Meshy. By delving into the performance, functional differences, and respective application scopes of these two tools in the generation of 3D textures, we highlight potential applications and development trends within the realm of 3D texturing. The efficient use of AI tools in texture creation also has the potential to drive innovation and enhancement in the field of 3D modeling. In conclusion, this research aims to provide a comprehensive perspective for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts in related fields, fostering further innovation and development in this domain.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2023

The maritime industry is undergoing significant changes due to digitalization and decarbonization, collectively known as "2D." This study investigates how these transformations are impacting the industry's business models. Since the changes are still ongoing, a cognitive approach was used to derive business models, rather than relying on actual case studies. The study presents experimental maritime business models that correspond to the four types of business model frameworks (or archetypes), along with recent trends for each model. The research results show that new business models are emerging in various areas, including the commercial and technical fields of the maritime industry. This thought-provoking study is significant as a pioneering investigation that will stimulate subsequent case-based research in academia and provide strategic guidance to market participants or policy makers in the maritime industry.

• Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.8-12
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• 2023

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2022

Objective: Although, digital models have recently been used in orthodontic clinics, physical models are still needed for a multitude of reasons. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the printed models can replace the plaster models by evaluating their accuracy in reproducing intermaxillary relationships and by appraising the clinicians' ability to measure the printed models. Methods: Twenty sets of patients' plaster models with well-established occlusal relationships were selected. Models were scanned using an intraoral scanner (Trios 3, 3Shape Dental System) by a single operator. Printed models were made with ZMD-1000B light-curing resin using the stereolithography method 3-dimensional printer. Validity, reliability, and reproducibility were evaluated using measurements obtained by three operators. Results: In evaluation of validity, all items showed no significant differences between measurements taken from plaster and printed models. In evaluation for reliability, significant differences were found in the distance between the gingival zeniths of #23-#33 (DZL_3) for the plaster models and at #17-#43 (DZCM_1) for the printed models. In evaluation for reproducibility, the plaster models showed significant differences between operators at midline, and printed models showed significant differences at 7 measurements including #17-#47 (DZR_7). Conclusions: The validity and reliability of intermaxillary relationships as determined by the printed model were clinically acceptable, but the evaluation of reproducibility revealed significant inter-operator differences. To use printed models as substitutes for plaster models, additional studies on their accuracies in measuring intermaxillary relationship are required.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2016

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to generate new prediction equations for the estimation of maxillary and mandibular canine and premolar widths based on mandibular incisors and first permanent molar widths. Methods: A total of 2,340 calculations (768 based on the sum of mandibular incisor and first permanent molar widths, and 1,572 based on the maxillary and mandibular canine and premolar widths) were performed, and a digital stereomicroscope was used to derive the the digital models and measurements. Mesiodistal widths of maxillary and mandibular teeth were measured via scanned digital models. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between the estimation of maxillary (r = 0.85994, $r^2=0.7395$) and mandibular (r = 0.8708, $r^2=0.7582$) canine and premolar widths. The intraclass correlation coefficients were statistically significant, and the coefficients were in the strong correlation range, with an average of 0.9. Linear regression analysis was used to establish prediction equations. Prediction equations were developed to estimate maxillary arches based on $Y=15.746+0.602{\times}sum$ of mandibular incisors and mandibular first permanent molar widths (sum of mandibular incisors [SMI] + molars), $Y=18.224+0.540{\times}(SMI+molars)$, and $Y=16.186+0.586{\times}(SMI+molars)$ for both genders, and to estimate mandibular arches the parameters used were $Y=16.391+0.564{\times}(SMI+molars)$, $Y=14.444+0.609{\times}(SMI+molars)$, and $Y=19.915+0.481{\times}(SMI+molars)$. Conclusions: These formulas will be helpful for orthodontic diagnosis and clinical treatment planning during the mixed dentition stage.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2011

The purpose of the FAPIS(Forest Aerial Photograph Interpretation System) development is to increase accuracy and efficiency of the digital forest cover type mapping for improving conventional analog-based mapping procedures by optimizing work-flow and mapping technology. The database models including digital forest cover type map, aerial photograph, and topographic map were designed for use in this system construction. The interface configured concisely to connect with functions such as search engine, display control, conversion to stereo interpretation mode, modification tools, automation of print layout and database models. It is expected that the standardization methodology based on this system can be applied and extended in making all kinds of digital thematic maps, providing decision-making and information of forest resources.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.5-22
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• 2021

Digital Twin for Land(DTL) is one of the national work projects in the Korean New Deal but there aren't still any standards and technical guides which would need to construct the DTL. This study presents the policies to develop reference model and data model based on geo-spatial information standards to ensure interoperability for the DTL. In this paper, we first extract the implications through reviewing definitions of Digital Twin used in various literatures and international standardization trends on Digital Twin. In addition, this study attempts to conceptualize the DTL through various ways such as defining the DTL and characterizing DTL domains. Finally, we propose three policies on the standardization of the DTS: (1) DTS reference model by using RM-ODP, (2) three-steps hierarchical data models, and (3) model registry to manage the data models efficiently. The proposed policies of the study would contribute to establish a way for DTS's standards development over the coming years.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.215-224
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• 2021

Business stakeholders have shown huge interests on the way how to increase business value by integrating real world businesses with a rising metaverse concept. To understanding the utility of metaverse regarding digital transformation, this study conducted a qualitative study based on a metaverse framework from 2006 Metaverse Roadmap and reference theories on business models. Specifically, a multiple comparative case approach was adopted to investigate three metaverse application cases from 2000 to 2020. From findings, it was revealed that different metaverse features were tried to leverage traditional simulation games, social communities, and virtual communication activities to build business models. Secondly, the use of metaverse features were likely to be helpful in getting competitive advantages. However, we are also aware that stakeholder credibility should be carefully managed to sustain businesses.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a digital model and cone beam computed tomograph(CBCT) image for model analysis. Methods: Model analyses of CBCT images, plaster models, and digital models of 20 orthodontic patients with a permanent dentition with no proximal metal restorations, were compared. Results: The average differences of tooth size measurements were 0.01 to 0.20 mm, and the average difference of arch length discrepancy measurements were 0.41 mm in the maxilla and 0.82 mm in the mandible. The difference in Bolton discrepancy measurements was 0.17 mm for the anterior region and 0.44 mm overall but with no statistically significant difference. When comparing CBCT images with plaster models, the average differences in tooth size measurements were -0.22 to 0.01 mm, and the average differences in arch length discrepancy measurements were 0.43 mm in the maxilla and 0.32 mm in the mandible. Difference in Bolton discrepancy measurements were 0.35 mm in the anterior region and 1.25 mm overall. CBCT images showed significantly smaller overall Bolton discrepancy measurements. Conclusions: Although there were statistically significant differences in some model analysis measurements, the ranges of measurement errors of the digital model and CBCT images were clinically acceptable. Therefore, a digital model and CBCT image can be used for model analysis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.226-231
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of model according to three types of dental scanner. A maxillary acrylic model was prepared and duplicated 10 times by silicone impression materials. Corresponding working casts were formed from scannable stone and got a 3-dimensional digital models using three different scanners. The distance of each measurement region was measured using vernier calipers and the respective program. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$) was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. Overall, the stone cast is smaller than the digital models in measurement distance. And measuring point value of laser scanner showed the most similar values and measurement points value of digital vernier calipers. Digital model of white light scanner showed similar values in the measurement points value of the blue light scanner. In conclusion, the laser scanner showed the best accuracy among the three types of dental scanner. However, the difference between the digital models and the stone cast can be accommodated in making prostheses. Thereby, three types of dental scanner are available in a clinically acceptable range.