• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.650-659
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of facial blood flow rates(FBFR) and facial skin temperature(FST) generated by Gagam-Jawoonaek(GJ) application(appl.) after Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture(MFRA). Ten people in their twenties to fifties with no skin diseases were recruited. We randomly divided subjects two groups(A, B) and set the GJ appl. site(group A - right side, group B - left side). MFRA was performed on both sides of their face. Immediately after acupuncture treatment(AT treat.), GJ was applied only half of the face. We measured their FBFR using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging(LDPI) and FST using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) at pre-AT treat., immediately after AT treat., twenty and sixty minutes after GJ appl.. We analyzed data using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test(p < 0.05). After MFRA treat., FBFR on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after JW appl., the changes of FBFR on GJ appl. side($122.9{\pm}43.1PU$) were bigger than GJ non-appl. side($80.9{\pm}38.4PU$), a statistically significant decrease. Sixty minutes after application, FBFR on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat. After MFRA treat., FST on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after GJ appl., the changes of FST on GJ appl. side($1.1{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$) were comparable to that of GJ non-appl. side($1.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$). Sixty minutes after application, FST on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat.. Gagam-Jawoonaek could decrease facial blood flow rates.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.397-406
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• 2008

Despite the effectiveness of oriental medical practice in the diagnosis of symptoms and providing cure to it, the preferences in western medicinal values is socially prevalent. The diagnosis of a disease using western medicinal practices provides us with an objective diagnostic result, however, decisions by oriental doctors are based on their heuristic intuitions developed by practice and experience. Objective solutions for the cure of symptoms using oriental medical therapy can have a high impact on the world market. Therefore, development of diagnostic machines based on oriental therapy can enhance the Ocular Inspection which is evaluated as one of the best diagnostic treatment among Oriental Medical Science, is not researched much compared to other diagnoses. Because there is no color diagnosis rules for digital machines to analyze the actual color, looking at the person's face color is one of the most important components to diagnose the disease or illness. The thesis proposes the implementation of absolute observing a person's face color standards of the color settings for objective diagnosis. As a results, comparative digital color analysis for observing a person's face color can be the most effective rule based Color scheme system to diagnose disease. A standard solution for the researching conditions is suggested to reduce the variable which may occur depending on the differences between the researching conditions.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.845-860
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• 2016

This paper proposes a digital watermarking scheme to protect the ownership of the freeview 2D or 3D image such that the viewer watches the image(s) by rendering a arbitrary viewpoint image(s) with the received texture image and its depth image. In this case a viewpoint change attack essentially occurs, even if it is not malicious. In addition some malicious attacks should be considered, which is to remove the embedded watermark information. In this paper, we generate a depth variation map (DVM) to find the locations less sensitive to the viewpoint change. For each LH subband after 3-level 2DDWT for the texture image, the watermarking locations are found by referring the DVM. The method to embed a watermark bit to a pixel uses a linear quantizer whose quantization step is determined according to the energy of the subband. To extract the watermark information, all the possible candidates are first extracted from the attacked image by considering the correlation to the original watermark information. For each bit position, the final extracted bit is determined by a statistical treatment with all the candidates corresponding that position. The proposed method is experimented with various test images for the various attacks and compared to the previous methods to show that the proposed one has excellent performance.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2000

In Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), there are three imaging methods of target localization, such as digital subtraction Angiography (DSA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Especially, DSA and MR images have a distortion effect generated by each modality. In this research, image properties of DSA were studied. A first essential condition in SRS is an accurate information of target locations, since high dose used to treat a patient may give a complication on critical organ and normal tissue. Hut previous localization program did not consider distortion effect which was caused by image intensifier (II) of DSA. A neurosurgeon could not have an accurate information of target locations to operate a patient. In this research, through distortion correction, we tried to calculate accurate target locations. We made a grid phantom to correct distortion, and a target phantom to evaluate localization algorithm. The grid phantom was set on the front of II, and DSA images were obtained. Distortion correction methods consist of two parts: 1. Bilinear transform for geometrical correction and bilinear interpolation for gray level correction. 2. Automatic detection method for calculating locations of grid crosses, fiducial markers, and target balls. Distortion was corrected by applying bilinear transform and bilinear interpolation to anterior-posterior and left-right image, and locations of target and fiducial markers were calculated by the program developed in this study. Localization errors were estimated by comparing target locations calculated in DSA images with absolute locations of target phantom. In the result, the error in average with and without distortion correction is $\pm$0.34 mm and $\pm$0.41 mm respectively. In conclusion, it could be verified that our localization algorithm has an improved accuracy and acceptability to patient treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 1998

Exessive sweating of the palms and soles, is a psychologically and occupationally distressing and sometimes disabling condition. Hyperhidrosis is one of the common abnormalities in autonomic nervous system. There were no specific treatment on hyperhidrosis, so invasive thoracic sympathectomy via axillary thoracotomy or cervical approach had been used. Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) is now mostly performed for treating of the palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. From March 1996 to March 1997, 15 patients with bilateral palmar hyperhidrosis had been treated by the bilateral thoracic sympathectomy(T2, T3, T4) with thoracoscopic resection. The patient were evaluated preoperative and postoperative Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (DITI) at Kyung-Hee University Hospital. There were no case of the thoracotomy conversion. There were 3 complications ; pulmonary edema in 1 case, Horner's syndrome in 1 case, and gustatory hyperhidrosis in 1 case. More than half of the patients also had compensatory sweating in the lower abdomen, the buttocks, the back and the thighs. In conclusion, most of the patients were satisfied with the postoperative results of the thoracoscopic sympathectomy, including no more palmar and axillary sweating, less pain, better cosmetic appearances, decreased sweating of the face and soles. In addition, intraoperative temperature monitoring of the hands could estimate the successful thoracoscopic sympathectomy and the preoperative and postoperative Digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) could especially be the technique for the objective manifestation of the successful results of the thoracoscopic sympathectomy.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.54-76
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• 1988

In Part Ⅰ of the paper, we have developed various block least mean-square (BLMS) adaptive digital filters (ADF's) based on a unified matrix treatment. In Part Ⅱ we analyze the convergence behaviors of the self-orthogonalizing frequency-domain BLMS (FBLMS) ADF and the unconstrained FBLMS (UFBLMS) ADF both for the overlap-save and overlap-add sectioning methods. We first show that, unlike the FBLMS ADF with a constant convergence factor, the convergence behavior of the self-orthogonalizing FBLMS ADF is governed by the same autocorrelation matrix as that of the UFBLMS ADF. We then show that the optimum solution of the UFBLMS ADF is the same as that of the constrained FBLMS ADF when the filter length is sufficiently long. The mean of the weight vector of the UFBLMS ADF is also shown to converge to the optimum Wiener weight vector under a proper condition. However, the steady-state mean-squared error(MSE) of the UFBLMS ADF turns out to be slightly worse than that of the constrained algorithm if the same convergence constant is used in both cases. On the other hand, when the filter length is not sufficiently long, while the constrained FBLMS ADF yields poor performance, the performance of the UFBLMS ADF can be improved to some extent by utilizing its extended filter-length capability. As for the self-orthogonalizing FBLMS ADF, we study how we can approximate the autocorrelation matrix by a diagonal matrix in the frequency domain. We also analyze the steady-state MSE's of the self-orthogonalizing FBLMS ADF's with and without the constant. Finally, we present various simulation results to verify our analytical results.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.581-588
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• 2014

The purpose of this study aims guarana ingestion to possibly be Ergogenic Aids(EA) for elite male athletes who do long time exercises. Participators who play long distance belong to H-university. They are measured HRmax by polar and treadmill, and they do run on the treadmill for 60 minutes with HRmax 70%. Participators ingest 200ml guarana and water for 5 times. They were drawn blood for 3 time such as before 30 minutes, after finish, and after 30 minutes later. Data processing was repeated of the measuring, two way repeated ANOVA, according to guarana ingestion, water ingestion, and treatment time. The result of this study identifies that guarana ingestion is more positive effect with glucose, Free fatty acid, and lactic acid than water. Hence, guarana ingestion is including function of EA to increase reserving energy on the body for rising kinetic ability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.467-479
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide the data for discussion related to oral health promotion policies for the elderly by examining and analyzing the prosthesis conditions and necessity for the fixed and removable dentures among the Korean elderly. The data, obtained from 4,557 elderly aged at 65 or higher who were targeted for the 5th National Health Nutrition Survey, were analyzed through the complex sample frequency analysis, complex sample cross analysis, and complex sample logistic regression analysis. The results of analysis showed significant relevance of whole denture implant and the necessity thereof in older subjects, rural community, and subjects with lower education background, regarding the state of upper jaw/lower jaw prosthesis and the necessity for upper jaw/lower jaw fixed partial denture/whole denture. In addition, the necessity for prosthesis implant was found to have correlation with the income and subjective health condition, while the necessity for artificial teeth(denture) was found to have correlation with the gender, age, education, and subjective oral health condition. Therefore, it is considered necessary to map out the prevention and treatment policies designed to help maintain and promote oral health based on oral health education, along with the policies that aim to recover the neutralized oral health functions, in relation to the oral health of the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.365-370
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• 2014

The present study was aimed to comprehend the effect of the Russian current stimulation on the muscular performance and activity of quadriceps femoris muscle of the convalescent patient after the leg fracture.This study conducted test based on 20 patients after leg fracture. Russian current was applied for six weeks as three times in a week, between January 9, 2013 and 15 March 16, 2013. The electromyogram was used to measure the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris, and the isokinetic equipment was used to measure the muscular performance. The muscular performance difference by duration depending on the application of the Russian current showed the significant increase in all muscular performances. The activity of all muscles of the quadriceps femoris muscle by duration showed significant increase. These results showed that the Russian current can be the effective treatment method for enhancing the muscular strength of the weakened lower limbs muscle due to the problem such as the leg fracture.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.315-325
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• 2014

This study is investigates decisive factors impacting business profits of regional medical centers by utilizing their environmental characteristics to provide useful basic data to seek for a method to establish financial soundness and profitability. The research objects are medical treatment record and management indicators of 31 regional medical centers for the past three years from 2010 through 2012. The method of analysis are ANOVA and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results revealed the debt and management ratio in the profit rate of total medical liabilities and net worth, current balance in the medical profit on medical revenue, and hospital bed turnover rate, emergency hospitalization rate, rate of labor cost, and rate of material cost in the business profits as the decisive factors. It is recommended to identify financial feedback and establish diversified management strategies through accurate management analysis to secure financial soundness and profitability in medical centers.