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http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/JBE.2016.21.6.845

Robust and Blind Watermarking for DIBR Using a Depth Variation Map  

Lee, Yong-Seok (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University)
Seo, Young-Ho (School of Liberal Arts, Kwangwoon University)
Kim, Dong-Wook (Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University)
Publication Information
Journal of Broadcast Engineering / v.21, no.6, 2016 , pp. 845-860 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper proposes a digital watermarking scheme to protect the ownership of the freeview 2D or 3D image such that the viewer watches the image(s) by rendering a arbitrary viewpoint image(s) with the received texture image and its depth image. In this case a viewpoint change attack essentially occurs, even if it is not malicious. In addition some malicious attacks should be considered, which is to remove the embedded watermark information. In this paper, we generate a depth variation map (DVM) to find the locations less sensitive to the viewpoint change. For each LH subband after 3-level 2DDWT for the texture image, the watermarking locations are found by referring the DVM. The method to embed a watermark bit to a pixel uses a linear quantizer whose quantization step is determined according to the energy of the subband. To extract the watermark information, all the possible candidates are first extracted from the attacked image by considering the correlation to the original watermark information. For each bit position, the final extracted bit is determined by a statistical treatment with all the candidates corresponding that position. The proposed method is experimented with various test images for the various attacks and compared to the previous methods to show that the proposed one has excellent performance.
Keywords
digital image watermarking; freeview 2D/3D image; viewpoint change; depth variation map (DVM);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
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