• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.551-559
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• 1996

10% sodium alginate와 cellulose의 장기간 섭취가 휜쥐(Sprague-Dawley, 수켯)의 소화생리에 미치는 영향은 다음과 같았다. 체중 증가량은 무섬유식이군과 cellulose군에 비해 sodium alginate군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 소장의 무게와 길이 및 단위길이 당 무게는 무섬유식이군과 cellulose군에 비해 sodium alginate군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 분변의 부피 및 무게는 무섬유식이군에 비해 식이섬유 첨가군에서 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 건조 중량은 cellulose군에서 가장 높았다. 분변으로 배설된 단백질 및 직질의 함량은 무섬유식이군에 비해 식이섬유 첨가군에서 유의적으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 따라서 단백질과 지질의 소화율은 무섬유식이군에 비해 cellulose군과 sodium alginate군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 췌장의 amylase와 lipase 활성은 세군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 무섬유식이군에 비해 식이섬유군에서 다소 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 췌장의 Prntease 활성은 무섬유식이군과 cellulose군에 비해 sodium alginate군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 췌장의 DNA 및 RNA 함량은 식이군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 췌장 단백질 함량은 무섬유식이군에 비해 식이섬유군에서 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). SEM과 LM을 이용한 연구에서 식이섬유의 섭취는 주름을 가진 넓은 잎사귀모양의 융모세포와 goblet cell의 증식을 유도하는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 식이섬유의 섭취는 지방과 단백질의 흡수를 억제하여 영양소의 소화율을 떨어뜨리며 소화기관의 형태적.생화학적 변화를 유도함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.34-49
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to identify the status of school health and analyze affecting factors of school nurses' self confidence and nursing activities of the secondary school in Seoul. The data was collected from 13th of August to 30th of October. The self reported questionairs were distributed during one of the school nurses seminars held in Seoul and 93 secondary school nurses answered. Analysis of the data was done utilizing SPSS for percentage, mean, T-test ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows; 1. General Characteristics The mean age of the subjects was 33.4 and mean length of experience as a school nurse was 7.3 years. 79.5 percent of them had clinical experiences and the mean clinic experience was 2.1 years. The majority of them were graduate of the baccalaureate nursing programs and 82.8 percent of them were married. 72.0 percent of the sample had religion, and 60.2 percent of them were in the national or public schools. 90.3 percent of them had independent duty. 2. The status of school health resources In average, there were 2,445 students, 37 classes and 63 teachers per school nurse. 48.4 percent of them were aware of the school budget. The budget for school health was 585,000 won per school in average. 30.0 percent of the schools had school health organization. The schools whose health clinics were on the first floor consisted of 79.3 percent, among them 42.9 percent were on the center of the building office. 3. Activities of school health nursing The average number of students using health clinic were 430 per month. The majority of the problem was digestive problem. There were 7.5 times of mean correspondences with parents per year. The activities of the school nurses were clinic management (29.0%), health care services (23.5%) and health education (14.1%). 4. The degrees of self confidence of the school nurse and nursing activities Self confidence measured by 6 items of self-reported questionaires scored by 4 point Likert Scale revealed. The nurses' self-confidence was 2.922 in clinic management, 2.909 in health education, 2.759 in program planning and evaluation, 2.757 in health care services, 2.692 in management of school environment, and 2.250 in operation of school health organization. The nursing activities scored by 2 point. The nursing activities was 1,870 in program planning and evaluation, 1.853 in health education, 1.843 in clinic management, 1.739 in health care services, 1.696 in management of school environment and 1.265 in operating of school health organization. 5. Factors affecting self confidence and nursing activities of school nurses The general characteristics of the school nurses and the school health resources were related to self confidence and nursing activities. The most significant variable to nurses' self confidence was type of the school ownership and the presence of school health organization was the most significant factor to nursing activities.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2003

Drug interactions with food, on occasion, lead to serious nutritional and functional changes in the body as well as alternations of pharmacological effect. It, therefore, should be necessary to take drug interactions with food into consideration for effective and safe therapeutics. Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia, and is associated with increased risk of micovascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications. However, the precise mechanism of diabetes mellitus remains unclear. Three basic objectives in the care of diabetic patients are maintaining optimal nutrition, avoiding hypo- or hyperglycemia and preventing complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate thε effect of Laminaria japonica diet on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of glipizide which are frequently used in the treatment of diabetes. Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin were employed in this study. Blood concentrations of oral hypoglycemic agents were measured by HPLC and resultant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by RSTRIP. The mechanisms of drug interaction with food were evaluated on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters such as $k_{a},\;t_{1/2},\;C_{max},\;t_{max}$ and AUC. Administration of glipizide in normal rats treated with Laminaria japonica diet showed significant increase in AUC, $k_{a},\;t_{1/2},\;t_{max}$ and decrease in $C_{max}$, compared to those without Laminaria japonica diet. This might result from adsorption of glipizide on components of Laminaria japonica, causing delayed absorption. Administration of glipizide in diabetic rats treated with Laminaria japonica diet showed significant increase in $t_{1/2}\;and\;t_{max}$, and decrease in $C_{max}$, compared to those without Laminaria japonica diet. This might also result from adsorption of glipizide on components of Laminaria japonica, causing delayed absorption and flattened blood concentration of glipizide. The oral glucose test showed that Laminaria japonica diet could lower blood glucose level probably through either inhibiting the activity of disaccharidases, intestinal digestive enzymes, or delaying the absorption of glucose. More studies should be followed to fully understand pharmacokinetic changes of glipizide caused by long-term Laminaria japonica diet.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2006

Objectives : Siguan points (LI4, LR3) have been most frequently applied for various diseases, especially different digestive disorders such as constipation, abdominal pain or various intestinal inflammatory diseases. The fact that gastrointestina movement is closely connected with physiologic functions or pathologic process of alimentary canal led us to ask the question if Siguan points affects on intestinal motility. Design: To investigate the effect of Siguan acupuncture on the intestinal movement in both physiologic and pathologic conditions, we divided the experimental animals into 12 groups. Six groups were pre-treated with loperamide (0.5 mg/kg, sc) or scoploamine (0.5 mg/kg, sc) to suppress the intestinal movement and another three groups were pretreated with carbachol (0.5 mg/kg, po) to activate it, whereas the rest three groups didn't receive any pretreatment to be kept in the physiological condition. After the administration with charcoal meal, mice were acupunctured bilaterally on sham point or Siguan points as the manner of tap-stimulation, with the exception of no acupuncture groups. Methods : Mice were scarified in twenty minutes after the administration of charcoal to measure the distance of charcoal passage from stomach-duodenal junction. The effect on intestinal movement was presented by calculating the relative distance where charcoal arrived to total length of small intestine. Results : In physiological state, charcoal meal passed around 53%, and there was no significant difference between Siguan points and sham points groups. On the other hand. Siguan points-sitimulation significantly ameliorated loperamide or scoplolamine-induced suppressed travel rate of 17.3 % and 18.6% in sham point into 26% and 26.3% respectively (p<0.05). In carbachol-induced accelerated condition, Siguan points-stimulation didn't affect intestinal motility comparing to sham point group passed about 97.6%. Conclusions : These results postulate that acupuncture at Siguan points have a therapeutic effect by restoring cholinergic activity on pathogenically suppressed intestinal peristalsis, but does not affect the gastrointestinal motility in the normal or accelerated condition.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2020

유산균은 장 건강, 심장질환, 우울증, 비만 등을 예방하고 치료할 수 있다고 널리 알려져 있고, 특히 한국은 다양한 발효식품에서 유산균을 섭취할 수 있다. 하지만 국내 발효식품에서 분리된 유산균에 대한 연구는 대부분 김치에 한정되어 있기 때문에 대표적인 어류 전통 발효식품인 식해류의 유산균에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국의 전통발효식품인 가자미 식해의 발효에 관여하는 유산균의 배양일에 따른 균총의 변화를 관찰하고, 가자미 식해로부터 프로바이오틱스로 이용 가치가 있는 균을 분리하기 위해 시행되었다. 포항의 가정집에서 제조된 가자미 식해에서 유산균을 제조일로부터 50일까지 5일 간격으로 분리하고 동정하였고, 동정 결과 P. pentosaceus, P. inopinatus, Lc. mesenteroides, L. brevis, L. plantarum 5개 균주가 발효에 관여함을 알 수 있었다. 발효가 진행됨에 따라 초기 발효에는 Pediococcus sp.가, 중기 이후부터는 Lactobacillus sp.가 우세하게 발효에 관여하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 분리한 유산균 중 우수한 프로바이오틱 활성을 가지는 균주를 알아보기 위하여 산내성, 담즙산 내성 시험을 통해 균주를 선별한 뒤 응집능, 표면 소수성, 항균 활성, 항산화 활성 등을 평가하였다. 그 결과 본 연구의 가자미 식해 분리 균주 중 최종적으로 선택된 소화액 내성이 뛰어난 L. brevis GS1022와 응집능이 뛰어난 P. inopinatus GS316은 프로바이오틱 균주로 이용할 가치가 충분하다고 사료된다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2002

Objective Many literature-based researches and clinical studies have been thus far reported of wha-byuong in Oriental medicine but acupunctural approaches to it have been little executed, which motivated this study to be conducted through acupunctural treatment. For that purpose, this study carried out incessant treatment on wha-byuong-having outpatients of this hospital who were suffering from gunhwa of wha in the saam acupuncture in order to inquire into the features of wha-byuong represented recently, and thereupon this got some intellect and knowledge out of clinical cases, which led this study to report them. Methodology Two wha-byuong outpatients were taken as subjects for this study who visited this hospital from January 10, 2002 through May 20, 2002. As for the contents of treatment and the administration of medicine, acupuncture utilized size $30{\times}50mm$ needles and the performance of treatment depended upon yuchim for 20 to 40 minutes at one time by means of simseunggyok (eumgok, sohae bo, taebaek, sinmun sa) on both right and left sides of the outpatients. As the case may be, sobu, baekhoi, and pungji were used at the same time. Bosa of simseunegyok took youngsu bosa. In order to evaluate treatment, symptoms were classified with diagrams into physical symptoms, dorgan symptoms, urinogenital organs symptoms, dermatological symptoms, cardiopulmonary symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms, somnipathy symptoms, caput and sensual organ symptoms, psychomotor activity symptoms, and other symptoms, and then signs and marks were given to indicate the most objective values according to symptoms of the patients perceived in different sessions both prior and posterior to treatment. Conclusion As a result of having conducted treatment on two outpatients who visited this hospital for their wha-byuong from January 10, 2002 through May 20, 2002, conclusions were obtained, as follows: 1. Treatment depended very largely upon simseunggyok of the saam acupuncture, and as the case may be, baekhoi, pungji and sobu were utilized at the same time. 2. Much more effects were produced only when the patients had got rid of the causes of wha-byuong they had. Furthermore, the perceived seriousness of the symptoms presented had not been improved, regardless of their wha-byuong, 3. The main symptoms complained by the patients such as sangyeolgam, anxieties, impatience, hungmin, difficulty in breathing, cardiopalmus, insomnia, digestive troubles, etc. showed for the most part conspicuous therapeutical effects upon the symptoms of wha-byuong. In particular, a high degree of improvement was represented from melancholia and pyrexia.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.973-977
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• 2013

이 연구는 전기화학적 활성을 갖는 미생물들을 알아내기 위하여 농화배양 단계에서 시간에 따라 미생물연료전지의 미생물 군집 변화를 알아본 것이다. 접종원으로 하수처리장 혐기 소화액와 가축분뇨를 1 : 1로 혼합한 액을 사용하였다. 농화배양 과정에서 미생물 생장곡선에 따라 지체기, 대수성장기 그리고 정지기로 전류발생 패턴을 보면서 구분하였다. 전류가 안정적으로 발생되는 시점을 농화배양이 끝난 시점으로 판단하였으며, 이때 전류는 $0.84{\pm}0.06mA$가 발생되었다. 농화배양이 되어 가는 과정에서 미생물군집 변화를 전기영동(DGGE)에서 확인하여 시간에 따라 새롭게 나타나는 band나 농도가 높아지는 band 17개를 잘라내어 염기서열을 분석하였다. 이 결과 지체기와 대수성장 단계에서는 Clostridium, Rhodocyclaceae, Bacteriodete 그리고 Uncultured bacterium 등이 검출되었고, 정지기에서는 Geobacter sp., Rhodocyclaceae, Candidatus, Nitrospira, Flavobactriaceae, 그리고 Uncultured bacterium 등이 검출되었다. Geobactor의 경우는 이미 전기활성 미생물로 알려져 있는 미생물 종으로 이를 포함하여 이 연구에서 검출된 다른 미생물들 중에도 전기활성이 있는 미생물을 포함하고 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.323-326
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• 2006

Suaeda (S.) asparagoides $M_{IQ}$, one of the halophyte groups, has been used as a folk remedy for digestive disturbances in Korea. However, its pharmacological activity on gastrointestinal motility has not been reported yet. In this study, the effects of this halophyte extracts with various solvent fractions (ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) on mice ileal spontaneous motility was examined. All solvent fractions at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ showed inhibitory actions on spontaneous motility of ileum with the potency order of water > 70% ethanol > hexane ${\gg}$ chloroform ${\geq}$ butanol ${\geq}$ ethyl acetate, respectively. In addition, the water fraction of extracts from S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ (WFSA) dose-dependently ($1-100{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited the amplitude of spontaneous phasic contraction and area under the contractile curve (AUC). The inhibitory effect of water fraction at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ was not affected by tetrodotoxin (TTX), $Na^+$ channel blocker ($1{\mu}M$), and $N^w$-nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ($100{\mu}M$). However, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, $10{\mu}M$), inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase, almost blocked the inhibitory effects of WFSA ($10{\mu}g/ml$) on the spontaneous phasic contraction of mouse ileum. But, CPA did not inhibit the lowering basal tone effects of WFSA. The result of this study showed that various extracts of S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ induce inhibitory effects on spontaneous contraction of mice ileal segments. More over, the polar solvent fractions were shown to be more potent than non-polar solvent fractions. The effects of S. asparagoides $M_{IQ}$ extracts are not mediated by nerve or nitric oxide. The inhibitory effects of WFSA at least partially mediated by sarcoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase. However, further study is required to determine the exact pharmacological mechanisms of this halophyte on its gastrointestinal motility inhibitory effects.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2006

어류의 세균성질병 원인체인 Edwardsiella tarda 감염의 예방과 치료에 E. tarda로 면역한 계란으로부터 얻어진 난황항체 (IgY)의 잠정적인 사용을 평가하였다. PEG법으로 정제된 IgY는 64 kDa의 heavy chain과 27 kDa의 light chain을 가지고 있었다. IgY는 사료 공급 후 위의 pH가 3.4로 낮아지는 2시간째에는 대부분의 활성을 상실하였으나, 장내에서는 IgY의 활성이 나타났다. IgY의 효능 실험 결과 감염 초기에 IgY를 20 mg/fish로 공급한 그룹은 모든 실험에서 대조 그룹에 비해 높은 생존율을 나타내었으며, 장기 내에서 균의 감염 정도 역시 낮았다. 그러나 감염 후기에서는 생존율에 있어서의 유의적인 차이를 확인하기 힘들었다. 이는 넙치의 위에서 대부분의 IgY가 활성을 잃어 낮은 농도만이 장으로 이동하기 때문일 것으로 사료되며, 이 농도에서 IgY는 E. tarda에 대한 뚜렷한 예방이나 치료의 효과 보다는 감염시기를 어느 정도 연장시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2002

강원 북부 연안에 많은 명주조개 (Coelomactra antiquata)의 중장선으로 미크로좀을 만들고, cytochrome P45O (CYP)의 유도제로 알려진 phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) 및 $\beta$-naphthoflavone (BNF)을 DMSO에 녹여 함께 30$^{\circ}C$의 수조 상에서 in vitro로 배양하면서 약물대사효소계의 CYP 함량과 7-othoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) 활성의 변화를 경시적으로 조사하였다. 그리고 비교를 위한 sham구는 미크로좀에 DMSO만을 첨가하여 같은 조건으로 배양하였다. 그 결과, sham구의 CYP 함량은 배양 6시간이 지나서는 처음 수준의 $91\%$로 줄었으며, 0.1 mM과 0.2mM, 0.4mM 및 1.0 mM BNF 배양구는 배양 4$\~$6시간 후에 최대값이 되었는데 각각 처음 보다 $116\%$, $114\%$, $126\%$ 및 $132\%$로 되었다. PB와의 배양에서는 0.1 mM과 0.4 mM 및 1.0 mM 배양구는 배양 4$\~$6시간 후에 최대 값이 되었고 각각 처음의 $112\%$, $114\%$ 및 $114\%$로 되었으며, MC와의 배양에서도 0.1 mM과 0.4 mM 및 1.0 mM 배양구는 배양 4시간 후에 최대값이 되어 각각 $116\%$, $130\%$ 및 $132\%$로 증가하였다. 그리고 EROD 활성의 변화도 sham구는 배양 7시간 후에도 변화가 거의 없었으나, BNF의 0.1 mM과 0.4 mM 및 0.8 mM 배양구는 배양 7시간 후에 각각 처음의 $120\%$, $123\%$ 및 $115\%$로 되었고, PB의 0.1 mM과 1.0 mM 배양구는 배양 3시간 후에 최대로 되어 각각 $121\%$ 및 $136\%$로 증가하였으며, MC와의 배양에서는 0.1 mM과 0.4 mM 및 0.8 mM 배양구는 배양 5시간 후에 최대값이 되어 각각 $204\%$, $198\%$ 및 $191\%$로 증가하였다. 이처럼 BNF나 PB, MC는 명주조개에서도 미크로좀의 CYP 함량과 EROD 활성을 증가시키는 유도효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 MC에 의한 유도효과가 가장 강했고 BNF, PB의 순이었고, 대체로 약물의 농도가 높을수록 유도 효과도 큰 경향을 보였다.