• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Two feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary genetically modified (GM) soya and com on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. For each fish species, four isonitrogenous (50% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.1 kcal/g) diets (designated as nGM soya, GM soya, nGM com and GM com) were formulated to contain 20% non-GM (nGM) and GM soya and com. Thirty olive flounder (initial body weight, 15.4${\pm}$0.4 g) and fifty rockfish (initial body weight, 3.1${\pm}$0.02 g) were distributed in each 400 L tank (200 L water) in a flow through system. Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish to visual satiation, twice a day (9:00 hand 17:00 h) for 6 weeks. Growth performance was measured every three weeks. No effects of GM feedstuffs on survival were observed. Dietary inclusion of GM feedstuffs did not affect growth performance and feed utilization of fishes, except for rockfish fed GM com. Rockfish fed the GM com diet showed higher weight gain, daily feed intake and daily protein intake than did fish fed the nGM com diet, but no significant differences were observed in final body weight between the dietary treatments. Condition factor, hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and body composition were not altered by the inclusion of GM feedstuffs. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of GM soya and com could have no effects on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile flounder and rockfish. Lower weight gain and feed intake in flounder and rockfish fed the diets containing 20% soya were likely due to anti-nutritional factors, rather than transgenic factors in the feedstuffs. Dietary inclusion of GM soya and com at the level tested did not alter the body composition of fishes. Further studies to investigate the effects of GM feedstuffs on health conditions and the development of fishes, as well as those of residue of transgenic fragments in ambient environments and in animals are necessary for safe use of the ingredients in aquaculture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 1988

The changes in the dietary pattern of Koreans during the last one century and its consequences are summarized as follows; 1. Until the beginning of 20th century, Koreans used variety of cereals, vegetables and fruits for their staple food, but the variety has been largely reduced by the agricultural development and urbanized life style. 2. The well balanced traditional dietary pattern of Korean had been deeply deteriorated by the food shortage during the Japanese occupation and Korean war. 3. The deteriorated nutritional condition of Korean was not remedied by the restoration of traditional dietary pattern, but attempted to overcome it by the adoption of Western food habit. 4. The people were trained to eat milk and flour-meals during the starvation of Korean war, and it was continued after Korean war through the animal husbandry promotion policy. 5. The importation of food and feed cereals has been increased rapidly during the economic growth in 1970's and the food self-sufficiency droped below 50%. 6. In 1970's, the food supply pattern of Korean was restored to the level of early 1900, but the consumption of lipid increased extraordinarily. 7. The overconsumption of animal food and lipid continues in 1980's, and it coincides with the rapid increase in the occurence of food related degenerative deseases. 8. The establishment of Korean dietary goal which is based on the traditional dietary pattern is needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.817-826
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• 2005

Recently it has been reported that vitamin A and retinol binding proteins (RBPs) in blood and urine were changed in the condition of diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia. Fruits and vegetables are recommended to consume for the people suffered from these chronic degenerative diseases. The main components of fruits and vegetables are dietary fibers, for example cellulose and pectin, of which function to affect the absorption and excretion of dietary fat and fat-soluble substances. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fibers on RBPs mRNA expression in liver, small intestine and serum of rat fed high fat diet during 4 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 121g on average, were divided into four groups; (Control; $17\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet, HF0: $25\%$ fat & fiber free diet, B:.Uc: $25\%$ fat & cellulose supplement diet and HF0: $25\%$ fat & pectin supplement diet) . The rats fed high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) tended to consume the food less than the control group, but FER of HF0 groups was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05) . The weight of adrenal gland in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFC, HFP) was significantly less than the control. Total lipid in feces daily excreted and in liver did not show any significant differences among the groups. Total cholesterol in HFP group was significantly different from that of HFC group. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride in other group tended to lower than other groups and HDL cholesterol higher. Consequently, AI (atherogenic index) was the lowest in HFP group. Vit A contents in feces daily excreted tended to lower in high fat diet groups (HF0, HFP) compared to the control group. That content in adrenal gland was the lowest in HF0 group, but not in liver. In HFP group were down-regulated cRBPI mRNA in liver and cRBPII mRNA in small intestine and up-regulated RBP and transthyretin expression in serum compared to the other groups. In conclusion, dietary fibers, especially pectin, in high fat diet might down-regulate the expression of CRBP I, CRBP II mRNA in liver and small intestine, but increase the secretion of RBP into serum and therefore inhance the bioavailability of Vit A through the body. (Korean J Nutrition 38(10): 817$\sim$826,2005)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1362-1375
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition. A total of 336 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox^® T anticoccidial vaccine to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) body weight than CNT diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental period. There is no significant (p > 0.05) in average daily feed intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of concentration levels or THB alone reduced (p < 0.05) lesion score in ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had lower (p < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the oocysts per gram of feces count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that birds fed with a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB alone.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.355-366
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study was performed to investigate health-related lifestyle, dietary habits, and depression according to exercise frequency to understand complex factors that affect effective health management. Thus, exercise frequency, health-related lifestyle, dietary habits, and depression were evaluated in college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A survey was conducted on college students, aged 19-29, in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do areas from May 13 to May 31, 2020. A total of 594 questionnaires were collected and 566 (269 from males, 297 from females) were statistically analyzed, except 28 with incomplete responses. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The sex distribution of the 3 groups according to exercise frequency was significantly different; the ratio of males in over 3 times/week group was significantly higher than those in 1-2 times/week group and no-exercise group (P < 0.001). The height (P < 0.001), weight (P < 0.001), and body mass index (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in over 3 times/week group compared to no-exercise group. The ratio of subjects who answered 'good' or 'very good' for subjective health condition was significantly high in the order of 'over 3 times/week' group (59.1%), '1-2 times/week' group (34.5%), and 'no-exercise' group (25.0%) (P < 0.001). The ratio for meal regularity was high as 56.6% in 'over 3 times/week' group and the ratio for irregular meals was significantly higher in 'no-exercise' group (67.2%) and '1-2 times/week' group (54.9%) (P < 0.001). Among questions on dietary habits, 'Eat meat, fish, egg or beans' (P < 0.01) and 'Eat fruit' (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in 'over 3 times/week' group compared to 'no-exercise' group. 'Drink more than 2 liters of water' (P < 0.001) was 0.70 in 'over 3 times/week' group, which was significantly higher than 0.54 in '1-2 times/week' group and 0.38 in 'no-exercise' group. Moderate depression and severe depression that need treatments were significantly lower in 'over 3 times/week' group (18.7%) compared to '1-2 times/week' group (26.0%) and 'no-exercise' group (29.7%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It is considered that combined intervention for exercise habits, proper dietary habits, and depression management is needed for effective health management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.475-486
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• 1998

The dietary habit, health condition and the cognition concerning the health food have been surveyed with the help of the 151 old people living in In-Cheon and Seoul. In this study, the old are classified as an institution for the aged and the old in their own home. The preference and mental health condition influenced on dietary habits have been surveyed as wall. Their dietary habits such s three meals a day and a regular meal time have show) that they have generally good eating habits. Psychologically, the old in an institution for the aged think their health condition is not so good in comparison with the old in their own home. The old in their own home have good condition in that they can go up the stairs, exercise often and walk relatively well. Moreover, men's health condition is better than women. The old generally like meats(especially beef) and prefer sesame oil, perilla oil, soy been oil to Western oil. They like sweat flavor the most and hot, salty taste in order. Thier favorite cooking method is a pot stew, soup and season. The difference between dietary habit and mental health based on an academic career, an allowance and a residential condition shows that the old who live alon have relatively terrible eating habit and the more learned, the better. The more pocket money they have, the better dietary habits they have. The old feel glommy in general and the old in an institution are more depressed and it is statistically significant.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.305-349
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• 1998

We wanted to classify the food constitutionally. That was used to make the constitutional diet plan. And we checked through the clinical test. So the food was classified constitutionally by Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). Constitutional diet plan was considered to Nutrition and Constitution. The clinical trial(use Taeumin diet plan) had performed during 8 weeks. We checked the Health and Nutrition condition. As the result, the Taeumin diet plan didn't change the health and nutrition condition of each constitution in good health. That could be presumed that constitution diet plan do not harm to healthy person.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2003

Various volume of water for the optimal brewing condition of the Korean distilled liquor produced by liquefaction of rice and corn starch was investigated Pilot brewings were carried out by the liquefaction of 5kg of rice and 10kg of corn starch with 150%, 200% and 250% of water regarding the amount of rice and corn starch. The pH, alcohol production and total acidity were normal during the fermentation process. The yield was proportional to the amount of water added and the highest yield was obtained by 250% of water addition without loss of quality. All the test results were not significantly different by the one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test at p<0.05 and the flavor profiles were also not different according to the amount of water added. As a result, 250% of water addition was the most economical and optimal brewing condition in this study.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

This study examine the relationship between the intake of food conformable to each Sasang constitution and the recognition of irregular symptoms of health condition. The study subjects were 362 university students nationwide, classified by heir Sasang constitution. In terms of the intakes of conformable food and the symptom recognition, the number of multiple subjective symptoms tended to rise as the Soeum type digested the conformable food. As for the kinds of food, the Soyang type showed a significant positive correlation between the intake of cucumber namul and the symptoms of eyes and skin, but a negative correlation between the intake of Chongak Kimchi and the symptoms of the digestive system The Soeum type showed a significant positive correlation between multiple subjective symptoms and the intake of Gatkimchi, fernbrake namul, naeng-i soup, naeng-i namul, Korean leek Kimchi, crown daisy namul, and curled mallow soup, a significant positive correlation between the symptom recognition of the respiratory system and the intake of fried flatfish, and chicken gomtang but a negative correlation between the symptom recognition of the eye and skin and the intake of boiled eel. The Taeum type presented the a sigmificant positive correlation between multiple subjective symptoms and the intake of spaghetti, a positive correlation between the symptoms of the respiratory system and the intake of tuna salad, a positive correlation between the symptoms of the eye and skin and the intake of mafa tofu, spaghetti, and tuna salad, a negative correlation between the symptoms of the mouth and anus and the intake of codfish jiri, and a negative correlation between the symptoms of the respiratory system and the intake of tuna salad.