• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find out the cause of discoloration after pressing yellow-colored flowers. Plant materials used were Lilium Asiatic Hybrids, Oncidium spp., Rosa hybrida, $Tulipa{\times}gesneriana$, Antirrhinum majus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Freesia hybrida, Zantedeschia elliottiana, Gerbera jamesonii, Helianthus annuus, and Ranunculus asiaticus. Thickness, ratio of length to width, and water content of petals did not considerably affect discoloration of pressed flowers. Expression of yellow color in petals was caused by carotenoids in Lilium Asiatic Hybrids, Oncidium spp., Rosa hybrida and $Tulipa{\times}gesneriana$, by flavonoids in Antirrhinum majus, Dianthus caryophyllus, Freesia hybrida and Zantedeschia elliottiana, and by coexistence of carotenoids and flavonoids in Gerbera jamesonii, Helianthus annuus and Ranunculus asiaticus. Carotenoids that expressed yellow color in petals affected significantly on discoloration in pressed flowers containing carotenoids alone or both carotenoids and flavonoids. However, discoloration was hardly ever found in yellow-colored species as affected by flavonoids. Dark treatment was effective for almost perfect preservation in color of pressed flowers, while light treatment resulted in severe discoloration.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.166-178
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• 2018

In this study, the principal objective was to investigate the effect of light quality and vessel ventilation on the growth and development, physiology, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and contents of mineral nutrients of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) 'Marble Beauty'. Single node cuttings stuck into the plant growth regulator (PGR)-free MS medium in containers covered with caps with or without a ventilation filter were cultured first four weeks under white and then additional four weeks under either white (control), blue, red, or red + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 56 days. Interestingly, a ventilated culture condition not only reduced the percentage of the hyperhydricity, but also increased the total chlorophyll content (Chl a + Chl b) of the plantlets as compared to the non-ventilated condition. In addition, blue LEDs produced plantlets with the greatest number of shoots and red LEDs produced plantlets with the greatest shoot length. The quality of plantlets was improved under a ventilation condition. Besides, under a ventilated condition, red + blue LEDs raised APX activity, and blue LEDs not only raised the activity of the CAT, but also increased tissue contents of such elements as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe. The red LEDs increased contents of B and Si under a ventilated condition, and Na accumulation under a non-ventilated condition. Thus, including blue or red LEDs as the light source in a ventilated culture condition will produce plantlets of carnation 'Marble Beauty' in vitro with improved quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.23-35
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• 2020

Standard carnations are widely used in flower design as a mass flower, but there is a limit to the use in that it can not be used in various colors in addition to its own color. The purpose of this study was to investigate how does artificial dyes affect vase life, using standard carnations, and to improve utilization of dyeing carnations in floral design. Using standard carnation 'White Liberty', dyeing experiment was performed according to four kinds of chemicals for each of six dyes. Six different dyes from Koch(Robert Koch industries Inc., USA) as follows light blue(2386), lime green(2315), christmas red(2506), lavender(2200), orange fire(2268) and black(2012) have been used and four different chemicals as follows distilled water, 4% ethanol, 3% sucrose and 100mg·L^-1 citric acid have been used with the cut Dianthus caryophyllus 'White Liberty'. As a result, six different dyes showed fast and excellent dyeing with 3% sucrose and 100mg·L^-1 citric acid treatment. But vase life in other dyes except black and lavender tended to be similar to control(7 days).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.233-246
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to suggest the possibility of utilizing the wildflower pasture for promoting public interest. Growth characteristics, botanical composition, fauna distribution on wildflower pastures were observed. The experimental design included two treatments: native wildflower pasture(NWP, turf grasses 6 species + native wildflower 11 species) and introduced wildflower pasture(lWP, turf grasses 6 species + introduced wildflower 9 species). The field trials were carried out on the experimental pasture plots at Chungnam National University from 1997 to 2000. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The flowering of wildflower was maintained continuously from May to September, and the colors of wildflowers; varied seasonally during this period. With native flowers, however, Hemerocallis fulva, Belamcanda chinenis and Aster koraiensisi showed problems in lately germination and early establishment. Meanwhile, Introduced wildflower showed not only excellent germination and early establishment compared to native flowers species but also maintained brighter colors. But Coreopsis tinctoria, Achillea mi/lefolium and Rudbeckia bicolor had colonized at a higher height or possessed stronger rhizome. 2. The appropriate species of turf grass which maintained continuous seasonal distribution are thought to be tall fescue, perennial ryegrass. Kentucky bluegrass in NWP and IWP. 3. Botanical composition of wild flower in NWP was arranged in the order of Achillea sibirica > Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus > Dianthus chinensis > Plantago asiatica > Taraxacum pla~ycarpum > Viola mandshurica > Aster koraiensis > Vicia tetasperma > Lespedeza stipulacea > Hemerocallis fulva, respectively. The highest seasonal distribution of native wildflower, Achillea sibirica was in spring and summer, Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus was in autumn. Botanical composition of wild flower in IWP was arranged in the order of Achillea millefolium Coreopsis tinctoria > Silene armeria > Coreopsis lanceolata > Rudbeckia bicolor > Sanguisorba oficinalis > Centaurea cyanus > Chrysanthemum leucanthemum > Dianthus petraeus, respectively. The highest seasonal distribution of introduced wildflower, Silene armeria was in spring, Achillea millefolium was in summer, and Coreopsis tinctoria was in autumn.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the effects and optimum concentrantion of chemical mutagens, colchicine, EMS (ethyl methan sulfonate), MNU (1-methyl-3-1­-nitrosoguanidinenitro), sodium azide $(NaN_3)$ for induction of mutant plants. In order to induce the mutants of Dianthus superbus L, immature seed were pre-soaked in the warter adding each mutagens and concentration of EMS, colchicine, MNU, and sodium azide $(NaN_3)$. Comparision of morphological characteristic and seed germination in each mutant plants differed depending on mutagen sources and their concentrations. When 0.2% EMS were treated on seed, germination decreased to 12% while untreated control was germinated 76.6% for twenty days. Treatments of colchicine appeared higher germination than other mutagen but not survived. The survival rate was extremely decreased in MNU treatment at 0.5mM and chlorophyll-mutant plantlets were obtained by sodium azide treatment at 0.2mM. Chlorophyll mutants were produced by pre-soaking the immature seed of Dianthus superbus L. with mutagen, sodium azide. The control plants appeared normal green leaf color, while mutant plant after mutagenic treatment of immature seed results in yellow­-green stripes and albino in normal green leaf tissue. RAPD was carried out to check the genetic modification of regenerated plants by mutagen treatments at 0.2mM sodium azide. Three polymorphic DNA fragments out of thirty-seven obtained by RAPDs were observed in regenerated plants using five decamer primers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.112-119
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• 2005

Efficient plant regenerationsystem from cell suspension cultures was established in D. acicularis (2n = 90) by monitoring ploidy level and visual selection of the cultures. The highly regenerable cell lines selected maintained original ploidy level and consisted of compact cell clumps with yellowish color and relatively moderate growth, suggesting that it is possible to select visually the highly regenerable cell lines with the original ploidy level. All the regenerated plantlets from the highly regenerable cell cultures exhibited normal phenotypes and no variations in ploidy level were observed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.74-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to figure out the utilization of native plants for highway landscape. The field and nursery experiments were conducted from January of 1996 to December of 1998 on the Chonju Arboretum and Honam highway in Korea Highway Corporation. We have investigated thirty species of native plants and came to a conclusion that Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Aster koraiensis, Iris nertschinskia, Fennisetum alopecuroides, Viola kapsanensis are very suitable for highway landscaping. And, if the problems raised during this investigation are resolved, it is clear that Polygonatum odoratum var. plurijlorum, Belamcanda chinensis, Allium thunbergii, Ophiopogon japonicus, Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, Disporum sessile, Lilium tigrinum, Caryopteris incana, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Pulsatilla koreana, Aster spathulifolius etc. can be useful plants at highway landscaping.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 1994

Incidence of stem rot on carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) ranged 11 to 29% in Namwon and Chongup area during the growing seasons from 1993 to 1994. Among 129 isolates from carnations in Namwon, 77 isolates were identified as Rhizoctonia solani, 38 isolates were Fusarium oxysporum and 14 isolates were not identified. Among 169 isolates in Chongup, 19 isolates were identified as R. solani, 106 isolates as F. oxysporum and 44 isolates were not identified. Among 77 isolates of R. solani isolated from the specimens of Namwon, 52 isolates were classified as anastomosis group AG 2-2 by anastomosis test, 14 isolates as AG 2-1 and 11 isolates as AG 4. Among 19 isolates from specimens of Chongup, 14 isolates were classified as anastomosis group AG 2-2 and 5 isolates as AG 4. Pathogenicity tests revealed that isolates of F. oxysporum and R.solani AG 2-2 were highly virulent and isolates of R.solani AG 2-1 and AG 4 were mildly virulent.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.229-232
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• 1989

A blight disease of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) caused by Alternaria dianthi was found in greenhouses and vinylhouses in southern Korea. In severely affected beds, many carnation plants were blighted and died. The growth of the fungus id vitro was optimum between 24 and $28^{\circ}C$. In controlled inoculations, A. dianthi caused lesions on leaves and stems of carnation plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.386-390
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• 2021

Petrorhagia nanteuilii (Burnat) P. W. Ball & Heywood (Caryophyllaceae), native to western Europe and western North Africa and an introduced or alien plant in South America, Australia, and Japan, was newly found in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Petrorhagia is clearly distinguished from other genera by a bract at the base of calyx, which differs from Gypsophila L., and commissures at the sepals, which is different from Dianthus L. Petrorhagia nanteuilii grows on slopes and roadsides, suggesting that it is likely to have been introduced through the installation of green sites and road construction. A precise description, illustration, photographs, and a key to related genera and species is provided.