• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.65
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• pp.81-102
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• 2021

In church tradition, cultural misappropriation has often legitimized unjust hierarchy rather than to challenge it. Under the rubric of culturalism, Christian Education has served to justify the oppressive system and maintain status quo as well. A feminist theologian, Rebecca Chopp argues that the contemporary Western culture has intensified narcissistic individualism and self-referentiality and has supported the powerful, while forced the marginalized to be silent. Chopp insists that the role, nature, and mission of Christianity is to provide Word and words of emancipatory transformation. She advocates poststructural feminist theology and aims at renewal of the socio-symbolic order in society by criticizing assumptions underneath language, culture and politics. In this study, we will review the interview with an Asian-American couple and disclose the underlying assumptions and hegemony which have contributed to maintain the male domineering system. I suggest that Christian education for emancipatory transformation should encourage the oppressed women to reflect critically the existing order and to restore their own voice through constructive intervention facilitating "plurivociy" and "problem-posing" dialogue. Proclaimation of transformative Word can empower the marginalized people to revision the world alternatives to monotheistic patriarchal modernism.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.63-70
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• 2022

The essence of the definition of "tolerance" is analyzed. Motivational, knowledge and behavioral criteria for tolerance of future teachers are highlighted. Indicators of the motivational criterion are the formation of value orientations, motivational orientation, and the development of empathy. Originality and productivity of thoughts and judgments, tact of dialogue, pedagogical ethics and tact are confirmed as indicators of the knowledge criterion. The behavioral criterion includes social activity as a life position, emotional and volitional endurance, and self-control of one's own position. The formation of tolerance is influenced by a number of factors: the social environment, the information society, existing stereotypes and ideas in society, the system of education and relationships between people, and the system of values. The main factors that contribute to the education of tolerance in future teachers are highlighted. Analyzing the structure of tolerance, it is necessary to distinguish the following functions of tolerance: - motivational (determines the composition and strength of motivation for social activity and behavior, promotes the development of life experience, because it allows the individual to accept other points of view and vision of the solution; - informational (understanding the situation, the personality of another person); - regulatory (tolerance has a close connection with the strong - willed qualities of a person: endurance, selfcontrol, self-regulation, which were formed in the process of Education); - adaptive (allows the individual to develop in the process of joint activity a positive, emotional, stable attitude to the activity itself, which the individual carries out, to the object and subject of joint relations). The implementation of pedagogical functions in the information society: educational, organizational, predictive, informational, communicative, controlling, etc. provides grounds to consider pedagogical tolerance as an integrative personal quality of a representative of any profession in the field of "person-person". The positions that should become conditions for the formation of tolerance of the future teacher in the information society are listed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.92-100
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• 2015

Unlike most other planning processes, brownfield planning generally requires a high level of technical and legal expertise due to potential site contamination. To successfully engage in inclusionary decision making, an adaptive collaboration strategy for brownfield planning is therefore critical. This study examines how a communicative planning approach can be used to overcome the challenge of enabling experts from different fields to work alongside lay people from the local community to achieve a properly balanced collaboration in brownfield planning. After identifying appropriate indicators for collaboration through a literature review of established communicative planning theory, these indicators are applied to the brownfield planning process, highlighting critical points of collaboration such as site prioritization, assessment, remediation, and redevelopment throughout. The results suggest the critical need for an adaptive model focusing on three aspects: 1. Facilitation of a balanced dialogue between the experts with social, cultural, and design-based knowledge and the ones with scientific and engineering-based knowledge, 2. Preparation of an appropriate tool for risk communication with the lay people, 3. Development of decision support system for the integration of expert-oriented technical data and public opinion-oriented subjective data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.456-466
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• 2014

This is a study of George Lindbeck's postliberalism that views religion as a cultural-linguistic approach. Knowing that the conceptual-propositional approach of the traditional Christian theology and the experiential-expressive approach of liberalism cannot be a solution for the post-modem religious phenomenon, George Lindbeck proposes an alternative. He proposes a cultural-linguistic approach to overcome the previous approaches. The first insight of Lindbeck's postliberalism is to understand religion as culture or language, because human beings become acquainted with a religion as they learn a language. The second insight comes out of the first, to understand doctrine as grammar. If we understand religion and doctrine this way the troubles and conflicts among religions will be resolved naturally, because each religion can be interpreted in its own system just as a language cannot be said to be good or bad, right or wrong. This approach makes several contributions as follows: it promotes a dialogue among religions, it emphasizes practice; and it preserves the Bible as an authoritative theological text. However it also brings many limitations as follows: it emphasizes the church's interpretation rather than the text's own interpretation; it views the truth simply as coherence; it promotes radical relativism and elitism; and through theological eschatology he makes his theory return to a propositionalism. Accordingly, the researcher concludes that Lindbeck's cultural-linguistic theory of religion is not an alternative that overcomes the limitations of theological conservativism and liberalism.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.3 s.71
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

With the development of digital technologies, CAID became an essential part in the industrial design process. Creating photo-realistic images from a virtual scene with 3D models is one of the specialized task for CAID users. This task requires a complex interface of setting the positions and the parameters of camera and lights for optimal rendering results. However, the user interface of existing CAID tools are not simple for designers because the task is mostly accomplished in a parameter setting dialogue window. This research address this interface issues, in particular the issues related to lighting, by developing and evaluating TLS(Tangible Lighting Studio) that uses Augmented Reality and Tangible User Interface. The interface of positioning objects and setting parameters become tangible and distributed in the workspace to support more intuitive rendering task. TLS consists of markers, and physical controller, and a see-through HMD(Head Mounted Display). The user can directly control the lighting parameters in the AR workspace. In the evaluation experiment, TLS provide higher effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction compared to existing GUI(Graphic User Interface) method. It is expected that the application of TLS can be expanded to photography education and architecture simulation.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

This study is trying to suggest the continuity and changes that would be made in inter-Korean military negotiations in the future under the Kim Jeong-eun regime by analyzing the recent inter-Korean Working-Level Talks for Gaeseong Industrial Complex based on 'anti-Japanese guerilla style negotiation model, the military negotiation model under Kim Jeong-il era. Especially, through analysis of the inter-Korean Working-Level Talks for Gaeseong Industrial Complex, it is verified that behavior similar to that in the military talks in the past is found even in the economic negotiations. Such analysis leads to an assumption that negotiations under the Kim Jeong-eun regime would be made within the category of the military negotiations under the Kim Jeong-il era. Fundamentally North Korea will change but try to achieve its objectives in the military talks within the existing frame of strategic culture rather than changing it. Such phenomenon will continue for some time. In the future inter-Korean military talks, however, North Korea will try to change its behavior to cope with its financial difficulties. Accordingly, the South Korea's government will have to have paradigm shift toward inter-Korean military negotiations. Especially, Kim Jeong-eun's studying abroad in the past will make him change in the negotiations. At this moment, the South Korean government must make continuous efforts to induce dialogue and negotiation. In order to induce the North Korea to change, the development of economic norm logic with the united front applied in the strategic culture of military negotiation and the formation of a value system in the North Korea's military negotiation policy makers will lead to the creation of a new military negotiation framework.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.3_4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2003

Speech act is the speaker's intentions indicated through utterances. It is important for understanding natural language dialogues and generating responses. This paper proposes the method of two stage that increases the performance of the korean speech act decision. The first stage is to select features from the part of speech results in sentence and from the context that uses previous speech acts. We use x$^2$ statistics(CHI) for selecting features that have showed high performance in text categorization. The second stage is to determine speech act with selected features and Neural Network. The proposed method shows the possibility of automatic speech act decision using only POS results, makes good performance by using the higher informative features and speed up by decreasing the number of features. We tested the system using our proposed method in Korean dialogue corpus transcribed from recording in real fields, and this corpus consists of 10,285 utterances and 17 speech acts. We trained it with 8,349 utterances and have test it with 1,936 utterances, obtained the correct speech act for 1,709 utterances(88.3%). This result is about 8% higher accuracy than without selecting features.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 2002

Spontaneous speech is ungrammatical as well as serious phonological variations, which make recognition extremely difficult, compared with read speech. In this paper, for conversational speech recognition, we analyze the transcriptions of the real conversational speech, and then classify the characteristics of conversational speech in the speech recognition aspect. Reflecting these features, we obtain the baseline system for conversational speech recognition. The classification consists of long duration of silence, disfluencies and phonological variations; each of them is classified with similar features. To deal with these characteristics, first, we update silence model and append a filled pause model, a garbage model; second, we append multiple phonetic transcriptions to lexicon for most frequent phonological variations. In our experiments, our baseline morpheme error rate (WER) is 31.65%; we obtain MER reductions such as 2.08% for silence and garbage model, 0.73% for filled pause model, and 0.73% for phonological variations. Finally, we obtain 27.92% MER for conversational speech recognition, which will be used as a baseline for further study.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2013

This study inquired following research questions by a narrative research method : What was the job of an engineer in mechanical design field? How did he fulfill his job-related learning in his workplace? What were the context and the characteristic of the job-related learning in the workplace? And some implications of the job-related learning on engineering education were discussed. We identified that the research participant's career as a mechanical engineer has developed through three stages. At first, he engaged on conceptual design of a semi-conductor test machine through self-initiated learning from basic to whole system of the machine. At second stage, he leaded a design group for the concrete design of a ball type semi-conductor test machine. In this stage he learned the meaning of cooperation and cooperative learning. At third stage, he initiated to found an entrepreneur company that was specified to design a semi-conductor test machine. He became CEO of the company. He learned the R & D policy making through contacts with global company, visiting exhibition in abroad. Eventually his main task as a mechanical engineer was the problem solving in the process of machine design. He had experienced and learned through his works : project management, independent fulfilling of tasks, functional analysis and reverse engineering, conceptualizing and test, cohesive cooperation, dialogue and discussion, mediation of conflict, human relationship, leadership. The implication of the narrative analysis on engineering education is, proposed, to give the students more chances to experience and to learn such activities.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2011

Current researches on emotion detection classify emotions by using the information from facial, vocal, and bodily expressions, or physiological responses. This study was to review three representative emotion recognition methods, which were based on psychological theory of emotion. Firstly, literature review on the emotion recognition methods based on facial expressions was done. These studies were supported by Darwin's theory. Secondly, review on the emotion recognition methods based on changes in physiology was conducted. These researches were relied on James' theory. Lastly, a review on the emotion recognition was conducted on the basis of multimodality(i.e., combination of signals from face, dialogue, posture, or peripheral nervous system). These studies were supported by both Darwin's and James' theories. In each part, research findings was examined as well as theoretical backgrounds which each method was relied on. This review proposed a need for an integrated model of emotion recognition methods to evolve the way of emotion recognition. The integrated model suggests that emotion recognition methods are needed to include other physiological signals such as brain responses or face temperature. Also, the integrated model proposed that emotion recognition methods are needed to be based on multidimensional model and take consideration of cognitive appraisal factors during emotional experience.