• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.893-907
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise during dexamethasone injection on the body weight, weight of hindlimb muslces, myofibrillar protein content and glutamine synthetase activity. 180-200g female Wistar rats were divided into four groups : control, exercise, dexamethasone injection (dexa), and exercise during dexamethasone injection(D+E) group. The dexa group received daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20minutes every 4 hours) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$grade. The control group received daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline at a dose of 4mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The D+E group ran on a treadmill for 60min/day(20minutes every 4 hours) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade during dexamethasone injection. Body weight of the control group increased significantly from days of experiment, that of the dexa group decreased significantly from day 4 of the experiment resulting in a 82.4% decrease compared to the first day of the experiment. Body weight of the D+E group decreased significantly from day 5 of experiment resulting in a 81.77% decrease comprared to the first day of the experiment. Body weights, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly and muscle weight of the soleus tended to decrease with dexamethasone injection. Glutamine synthetase activity of the hindlimb muscles increased significantly with the dexamethasone injection. The relative weight of the soleus was comparable to the control group and that of plantaris decreased significantly and that of gastrocnemius tended to decrease compared to that of the control in the dexa group. Body weight and muscle weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the excrcise group were comparable to the control group, and the muscle weight of soleus showed a tendencey to increase. The relative weight of the soleus increased significantly and that of the plantaris and gastrocnemius were comparable to the control in the exercise group. Myofibrillar protein content of the soleus and plantaris increased significantly and there was no change of GS activity of the hindlimb muscles compared to the control in the exercise group. Body weight of the D+E group was comparable to the dexa group, muscle weight of the plantaris increased significantly and that of the soleus and gastrocnemius showed a tendency to increase. The relative weight of the hindlimb muscles increased significantly. Myofibrillar protein content of the soleus and plantaris increased significantly and that of the gastrocnemius tended to increase compared to the dexa group. Body weight and muscle weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the D+E group did not recover to that of the control group. Muscle weight of the soleus recovered to that of the control group. The relative weight and of myofibrillar protein content of the hindlimb muscles recovered to that of the control group. From these results, it is suggested that regular exercise during dexamethasone injection might attenuate the muscle atrophy of the hindlimb muscles.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2021

Background: Impacted mandibular third molar removal is one of the most commonly performed oral surgical procedures. This procedure can lead to several postoperative complications, such as trismus, facial swelling, and pain, which occur as a result of the inflammatory responses to surgery. This study compared the efficiency of preoperative injections of 4 mg versus 8 mg dexamethasone into the pterygomandibular space to reduce postoperative sequelae. Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, split-mouth, controlled study, including 52 mandibular third molar surgeries in 26 patients. Each patient was randomized to either the 4 mg or 8 mg dexamethasone injection group. Dexamethasone was injected into the pterygomandibular space after numbness from local anesthesia. Data were collected for trismus, facial swelling, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, and the number of analgesics taken during the evaluation period. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences in postoperative facial swelling (P = 0.031, diff = 1.4 mm) and pain (P = 0.012, diff = 0.020) were found between the 8 mg and 4 mg dexamethasone groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups for trismus and the total number of analgesics consumed (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the 4 mg preoperative dexamethasone injection, the 8 mg preoperative dexamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space was more effective in reducing postoperative swelling and pain following the surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar. However, the difference in trismus could not be evaluated clinically. Therefore, the recommendation of administering the 4 mg dexamethasone preoperative injection is optimal in the third molar surgical procedure.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.510-519
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise during dexamethasone injection on the body weight, weight of hindlimb muscles and adrenal gland in Young rats. 80-100g Wistar rats were divided into control, exercise, dexamethasone injection(dexa), and exercise during dexamethasone injection(D+E) group. The dexa group received daily subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The exercise group ran on a treadmill for 60min /day(20 minutes every 4 hour) at l0m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade. The control group received daily subcutaneous injection of normal saline at a dose of 5mg /kg body weight for 10 days. The D+E group ran on a treadmill for 60min /day (20 minutes every 4 hour) at 10m/min and a 10$^{\circ}$ grade. Body weight of both control and exercise group increased significantly until 10 days, that of both dexa and D+E group decreased significantly, resulting in 79.47 and 78.75% decrease respectively compared to the first day of experiment. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius decreased significantly with dexamethasone injection. Relative weight of the plantaris and gastrocnemius of the dexa group decreased significantly compared to that of the control group. Body weight and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius of the exercise group increased significantly, and the muscle weight of the soleus and plantaris tended to increase. The Relative weight of the plantaris was comparable to the control group and that of the soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increase in the exercise group. Body weight and muscle weight of the soleus and plantaris of the D+E group showed a tendency to increase, and muscle weight of the gastrocnemius increased significantly compared to the dexa group. The Relative weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius tended to increase, and that of the plantaris of the D+E group increased significantly compared to the dexa group. Body weight, muscle weight and relative weight of the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius of the D+E group did not recover to that of the control group. Adrenal gland weight of the dexa and D+E group tended to increase, and that of the exercise group increased significantly. From these results, it can be suggested that regular exercise during dexamethasone injection might attenuate the decrease of body weight and hindlimb muscle weight induced by the dexamethasone injection.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2017

Background: Every patient who undergoes mandibular third molar surgery is concerned about post-operative pain. Indeed, previous researchers have used various methods to treat such pain. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of sublingual injection of dexamethasone (8 mg) to treat post-operative pain after mandibular third molar surgery. Method: This was a randomized, double-blind, split-mouth, clinical trial, involving 48 healthy patients who required surgical removal of two mandibular third molars with similar bilateral positions. All operations were performed by the same experienced surgeon. The patients were randomized into a study group (8 mg dexamethasone injection) and a placebo group (normal saline injection). Both interventions were injected into the sublingual space immediately after local anesthesia, 30 min before the first incision. The study group received an 8 mg dexamethasone injection, while the placebo group received a normal saline injection. The wash period between the patients' two operations was 3 to 4 weeks. Pain was assessed by recording the number of analgesic tablets (rescue drug) consumed, as well as by noting the patients' responses to the visual analog scale (VAS) on the first, second, and third days after surgery. Results: The study group differed significantly from the placebo group in terms of VAS score and analgesic consumption. Conclusion: Dexamethasone (8 mg), injected sublingually, significantly eased post-operative pain after surgical removal of the mandibular third molar.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2007

Marine birnavirus (MABV)에 무증상적으로 감염된 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 치어에 면역억제제의 일종인 Dexamathasone을 투여하였을 때 MABV의 감염강도에 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. Real time PCR 분석결과 dexamethasone을 투여한 그룹이 생리식염수를 주사한 그룹 및 no handling 그룹에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 Ct 값을 나타냈으며, 또한 semi-quantitative RT-PCR 분석결과에 있어서도 dexamethasone을 주사한 그룹이 대조구 그룹들에 비해 MABV 유전자가 유의적으로 높게 증폭되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 dexamethasone 투여가 넙치 치어에 감염된 MABV의 복제를 증가시킴을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

측두하악장애 및 구강안면통증 환자들 중 근막통증에 의한 기능제한이나 통증을 호소하는 경우를 흔히 볼 수 있다. 근막통증환자를 치료할 때 여러 가지 물리치료가 유용하지만, 즉각적인 통증완화효과를 나타내는 발통점주사요법이 근막통증의 치료로서 널리 적용되고 있다. 발통점주사요법에 흔히 사용하는 화학약제로 생리식염수, 국소마취제, 스테로이드 등이 있으며, 국소마취제는 근육에 대한 부작용이 보고되어 있어 사용상 주의가 필요하다. 이 연구는 상품화된 lidocaine과, dexamethasone 주사제의 혼합용액을 근육내 주사한 후 조직학적 변화를 관찰함으로써 근육에 대한 위해성 여부를 평가하고자 하였다. 또한 용액의 농도에 따라 각각 조직학적 변화를 관찰함으로써 위해성이 없는 적정한 농도를 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 생후 9주된 BALB/c 생쥐 (자성) 63마리를 7군으로 분류하여, 앞정강근 (전경골근, tibialis cranialis) 에 각각 생리식염수, dexamethasone, 2.0% lidocaine, 생리식염수와 혼합한 1.0% lidocaine, 생리식염수와 혼합한 1.5% lidocaine, dexamethasone과 혼합한 1.0% lidocaine, dexamethasone과 혼합한 1.5% lidocaine을 주사하였다. 그 후 1일, 7일, 14일째에 희생시켜 실험부위를 절취한 후 조직절편을 만들어 HE염색과 Van-Gieson염색을 거쳐 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. Lidocaine과 dexamethasone의 혼합용액을 근육내 주사하였을 때, lidocaine의 농도가 1.5% 이하인 경우 조직학적으로 유해하지 않았으며, 통증완화효과와 항염증작용을 동시에 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 향후 상기 혼합용액을 발통점주사요법의 약제로 사용할 경우, 인체에서도 동일한 결과가 나올 것인가에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1987

A study was conducted to observe the effects of dexamethasone sodium 21 phosphate injection in different amounts, intervals and times on the fluctuation of the parasitized erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the T. sergenti carrier calves. A total of 31 calves including 15 Holstein and 16 Korean native male calves aged 6-12 months (125-300kg) was used. Results observed were as follows. 1. The calves injected 0.2mg/kg body weight two and three times in 48 hour intervals and 5 times in 24 hour intervals observed that 2 out of 2 heads, 3 out of 6 heads, and 4 out of 5 heads, respectively were substantially increased parasitized erythrocytes in the blood for 3-11 days after the first injection and continued to 2-10 days. 2. However, the calves injected once with 0.1mg/kg body weight and all control calves showed no visible change of the parasitized erythrocytes in the blood during the experimental period. 3. The animals injected over 2 times with 0.2mg/kg body weight tended to be decreased the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration and PCV for 2-3 days after first injection and continued about one week. 4. All animals injected the dexamethasone were observed the neutrophilic leukocytosis, eosinopenea and lymphopenea until 48 hours after injection.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2016

Background: Surgery on the lower impacted third molar usually involves trauma in the highly vascularized loose connective tissue area, leading to inflammatory sequelae including postoperative pain, swelling, and general oral dysfunction during the immediate post-operative phase. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of preoperative injection of a single dose of 8 mg dexamethasone for postoperative pain control in lower third molar surgery. Methods: A controlled, randomized, split-mouth, prospective study involving lower third molar surgery was performed in 31 patients. The randomized sampling group was preoperatively injected, after local anesthesia, with a single dose of dexamethasone (8 mg in 2 ml) through the pterygomandibular space; 2 ml of normal saline (with no dexamethasone) was injected as a placebo. Results: The pain VAS score was significantly different on the day of the operation compared to the first post-operative day (P = 0.00 and 0.01, respectively), but it was not significantly different on the third and seventh postoperative day between the control and study groups. There was a significant reduction in swelling on the second postoperative day, and a difference between the second postoperative day and baseline value in the study group (P < 0.05). Trismus was highly significantly different on the second postoperative day and between baseline and second postoperative day between the groups (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Descriptive statistics and independent-samples t- test were used to assess the significance of differences. Conclusions: Injection of 8 mg dexamethasone into the pterygomandibular space effectively reduced the postoperative pain and other postoperative sequalae.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.388-394
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• 1999

To compare the effect of hyaluronate and dexamethasone on the temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis the author investigated 22 temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD) patients with pain and limitation of mouth opening who visited at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Chosun Dental Hospital and were made a diagnosis as Wilkes stage III or IV of TMJ internal derangement clinically and radiographically. The two groups consisted of 10 patients with injection of sodium hyaluronate 10mg$(Artz^{(R)})$(hyaluronate group) on the upper joint space of the affected temporomandibular joint 5 times at intervals of a week after arthrocentesis, and 12 patients with injection of dexamethasone$(Oradexon^{(R)})$ at a time(dexamethasone group). Maximum mouth opening, pain value and satisfaction value during mastication were assessed on a visual analog scale before arthrocentesis and after 6 months. Then the within-group and between-group differences were evaluated in the obtained data and the clinical success rate of each group was calculated according to our success criteria. The results were as follows. 1. the mean of maximum mouth opening before arthrocentesis and after 6 months in the hyaluronate group were 24.9mm and 39.0mm respectively, and those before arthrocentesis and after 6 months in the dexamethasone group were 25.7mm and 41.3mm respectively. 2. The mean of pain value on a visual analog scale in the hyaluronate group before arthrocentesis and after 6 months were 6.7 and 1.8 respectively, and those in the dexamethasone group before arthrocentesis and after 6 months were 7.0 and 1.8 respectively. 3. The mean of satisfaction value during mastication on a visual analog scale in the hyaluronate group before arthrocentesis and after 6 months were 2.8 and 7.7 respectively, and those in the dexamethasone group before arthrocentesis and after 6 months were 3.1 and 7.8 respectively. 4. There were statistically significant differences between all measurements before arthrocentesis and after 6 months(P<0.001), but no difference between all measurements in the hyaluronate group and those in the dexamethasone group. 5. The over all success rate of the hyaluronate group and the dexamethasone group were 60.0% and 63.6% respectively. In summary, there was significant difference between the effect of hyaluronate and dexamethasone on the temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis but hyaluronate is better than corticosteroid as the injection drug in consideration of the side effect related with repeated injection.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.503-508
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• 2007

사람에서와 같이 개에서도 안면신경마비가 발생되지만, 특발성 원인에 의한 안면신경마비에 대한 유용한 서양의학적 치료 방법이 없는 실정이다. 따라서 개 안면신경마비에 대한 약침의 치료 효과를 알아보기 위하여 인공 유발된 개 안면신경마비에 대하여 약침의 효과를 실험하였다. 안면신경마비가 인공적으로 유발된 12두의 개는 대조군(4두), 덱사메타손 투여군(4두) 및 봉독 투여군(4두)로 나누어 공시하였다. 안면신경마비 유발 후 대조군은 식염수 1ml을 머리 근육에 일주일에 두 번 근육주사 하였다. 반면에 덱사메타손 투여군과 봉독 투여군은 합곡, 영향, 사백, 하관, 예풍, 권료, 상관 및 양릉천 혈위에 각각 덱사메타손과 봉독을 일주일에 두 번 약침하였다. 실험 기간 동안 안면신경마비에 대한 임상증상과 혈중 creatine kinase(CK) 활성의 변화를 각각 검토하였다. 임상증상은 치료 14일에 봉독 투여군과 덱사메타손 투여군이 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있는 저치를 보였으나 봉독 투여군과 덱사메타손 투여군 간에는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 혈중 CK 활성의 변화는 치료 7일 및 14일에 봉독 투여군과 덱사메타손 투여군이 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있는 저치를 보였으나, 봉독 투여군과 덱사메타손 투여군 간에는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 개 안면신경마비의 치료에 봉독과 덱사메타손 약침이 효과적이었으며, 그 효과는 유사한 것으로 판단되었다.