• 공연문화연구
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• 제42호
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• pp.77-106
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• 2021

한국에서 전개된 불교음악의 역사를 살펴보려면 이 땅에 불교가 처음 유입된 고구려 소수림왕 2년(372)부터 현재에 이르는 시기까지를 모두 아울러야 할 것이다. 이는 1,600년이 넘는 시간 속의 전개 양상을 고찰해야 하는 일이라 연구 범위가 넓다는 한계를 지닌다. 그럼에도 이 글은 그 긴 시간 동안 펼쳐진 한국 불교음악의 역사적 전개가 어떻게 이루어졌는지 고찰함으로써 21세기 이후 불교음악이 이 땅에서 어떠한 양상으로 펼쳐져야 하는지 생각해 보는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 삼국시대 이후 고려, 조선을 거쳐 일제강점기, 현재에 이르는 동안 펼쳐진 불교음악의 역사는 '불교 성쇄의 역사'와 궤를 같이 하며 전개되어 왔다. 왕실의 비호가 있던 삼국시대와 고려시대 불교음악의 양상과 억불숭유정책이 펼쳐진 조선시대, 그리고 불교가 탄압의 대상이 되었던 일제강점기, 대중 포교를 위해 불교음악의 새로운 길을 모색해야 하는 현재의 불교음악은 그 긴 시간만큼이나 역사적 전개 양상도 다양하게 이루어졌다. 이는 각 시기별로 불교음악의 주요한 관점과 과제가 무엇이었는지 구분해서 시대별 특징을 밝혀야 하는 작업을 필요로 하고 있다. 이 글은 좁은 의미의 불교음악을 통칭하는 '범패'의 역사만이 아닌, 이 땅에서 소통된 '불교적 성격을 띤 불교음악'을 모두 포함시키고, 20세기 이후 새롭게 만들어진 찬불가 계통의 음악까지를 모두 대상으로 하여 이 땅에서 펼쳐진 '불교와 관련된 음악의 역사적 전개'에 대해 살펴본 것이다. 조선 전기의 승려들이 부른 명칭가곡, 조선시대에 대중 포교를 위해 만든 음악, '화청'의 존재 의미, 조선시대 음악에 남이 있는 불교음악의 흔적을 파악해 보는 일도 이 글의 과제가 될 것이다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.558-565
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculation of microorganism isolated from pig feces on nutrient contents of fermented hulless barley. The microbial flora in feces of a total of four crossbred piglets ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) was analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing. The most abundant strain was then selected for fermentation of hulless barley. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) was dominant (64.56%) in intestinal microbial flora in the pig feces. The selected candidate strain showed significantly higher survival rate at pH 7 than at pH 2.5 and 3.0 (p < 0.05). Incubated culture containing the candidate strain showed an increased growth rate with lower pH levels after 7.5 h incubation compared to initial incubation period (p < 0.05). When compared with commercial multiple probiotics which were used as control, the selected strain showed faster growth rate at 5 h post-incubation (p < 0.05). During the fermentation period, neither inoculated nor non-inoculated control hulless barley showed any change in pH value. Crude fat, fiber and ash contents were lower (p < 0.05) in hulless barley inoculated by the selected strain compared to control. However, moisture, energy, NDF and ADF were not affected by the inoculation of strain or fermentation period. Lactic acid was increased and acetic acid was decreased in the hulless barley inoculated with the selected strain during the fermentation period (p < 0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that L. plantarum derived from the pigs could be utilized as a new microorganism for manufacturing fermented feed stuffs.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2017

Objective: This study examined the relationships among sleep problems, executive function and social behavior during the preschool period. In addition, the mediating role of executive function between sleep problems and social behavior was investigated. Methods: A total of 304 preschool children participated in this study. The data were collected through maternal reports. Results: First, preschoolers' sleep problems were found to be significantly related to overt aggression and prosocial behavior. Second, preschoolers with sleep problems displayed lower levels of executive function. Third, preschoolers' executive function was significantly associated with social behavior. Lastly, preschoolers' executive function fully mediated the relationship between sleep problems and overt aggression, and between sleep problems and prosocial behavior. That is, preschoolers' sleep problems had effects on overt aggression and prosocial behavior, only through the effects on executive function. Conclusion: This study contributes to the sleep literature by examining the role of executive function and emphasizes the importance of forming a healthy sleep habit during the preschool period.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

A dolescence can be defined as the period between pubescence and physical maturity, and the passage through adolescence(age of 12-19) forms a critical period. Major developmental tasks of adolescence are construction of an emancipated identity, realistic ambitions, and reasonable ideals, and the further development of sexual and social identities. In early adolescence one struggles to adjust psychologically to the spurt in growth and tensions filled with sexual and aggressive impulses. There are reshuffling of peer groups due to differing rates of maturation, early adolescence crushes, sublimation of sexuality, and the resurgence of oedipal feelings. One reaches so-called period of formal operations in cognitive development. In mid-adolescence one struggles to overcome family attachments and controls, and it is a time marked by revolt and conformity. One has to overcome sexual repression while caught in reactivation of oedipal attachment. Peer groups gains in importance, and the peer group changes into a youth group that carries the youth culture. Late adolescence is a period of achieving an ego identity and capacities for intimacy. One has to prevent premature closure : Identity foreclosure limits both opportunity and the ability to guide one's own life. Gradually adolescent begins to have a loss self-centered and narcissistic orientation to one's sexual and affectional needs, and becomes involved in love relationship.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.95-119
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• 2019

본 연구는 1945년 해방 이후부터 2002년까지를 중심으로 한국 어린이도서관의 전개과정을 시기별로 고찰하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 한국 어린이도서관의 발전과정을 다음과 같이 구분하였다. 첫째, 1945년 해방 이후부터 1976년까지는 어린이도서관의 준비기로, 공공도서관 어린이실을 중심으로 어린이를 위한 도서관 서비스를 시작하였다. 그러나 이 시기에는 어린이도서관에 대한 인식이 미약하여 어린이도서관이 설립되지 못하였다. 둘째, 1977년 부터 2002년까지는 어린이도서관의 성장기로, 어린이에게 도서관서비스를 제공하는 것을 주된 목적으로 하는 어린이도서관이 처음 등장하였고, 이 시기 어린이도서관은 공공영역보다 주로 민간영역에서 설립되었다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.75-93
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to extract keywords for 'startup' and 'entrepreneurship' from Naver news articles in Korea since 1990 and Google news articles in foreign countries, and to understand the changes in the meaning of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship in each era It is aimed at doing. In summary, first, in terms of the frequency of keywords, venture sprouting is a sample of the entrepreneurial spirit of the government-led and entrepreneurs' chairman, and various technology investments and investments in corporate establishment have been made. It can be seen that training for the development of items and items was carried out, and in the case of the venture re-emergence period, it can be seen that the youth-oriented entrepreneurship and innovation through the development of various educational programs were emphasized. Second, in the result of vocabulary network analysis, the network connection and centrality of keywords in the leap period tended to be stronger than in the germination period, but the re-leap period tended to return to the level of germination. Third, in topic analysis, it can be seen that Naver keyword topics are mostly business-related content related to support, policy, and education, whereas topics through Google News consist of major keywords that are more specifically applicable to practical work.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.643-678
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 5 16 군정기 지방행정의 많은 환경변화 속에서 각 도가 추진한 '모범부락조성사업'을 통해 초기 농촌마을개발사업에 대한 모습, 특히 지방행정이 사업의 주체가 되기 위해 추진한 방법을 검토하여 시사점을 찾는데 있다. 군정기(1961~1963) 지방행정은 시군을 기초자치단체로 하는 행정체계 개편, 국가기획제도 도입, 지방세제 개편, 새로운 농촌기구 설립으로 인한 농촌지도 다원화 등의 여러 변화요인을 맞게 되었다. 이러한 환경 속에서 지역의 개발행정 주축은 지방자치단체로 옮겨져 갔고, 각 도는 '보고가는 마을(전북)', '빛나는 마을(충남)'등의 각종 명칭으로 모범부락조성사업을 추진하였다. 또한 내무부는 지역개발의 장기적인 종합계획으로서 군 건설계획의 작성과 추진을 지시하였다. 본 연구는 국가 정책을 중심으로 한 농촌지역개발사에서 도 단위의 지방사를 발굴하고 이를 지방행정 환경변화와 연계하여 분석하였다는 측면에서 향후 관련 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2000

To determine effects of temperatures and photoperiods on larval development of the mulberry longicorn beetle, Apriona germari, the larvae were reared at various rearing temperatures and under the various photoperiods on an artificial diet. The larval period of A. germari was extended as long as the temperature was lowered. Also the larval development in terms of length and weight of larvae was increased. However, survival rate during larval stage significantly decreased at 15$^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that the favorable temperature for artificial diet rearing of A. germari fell at least above $25^{\circ}C$ constantly. In photoperiod conditions, survival rate and larval development for A. germari were obviously most effective under a photoperiod of 14L:10B. As a result in artificial diet rearing of a. germari at $25^{\circ}C$ and under a photoperiod of 14L:10D was mostly favorable in terms of larval development and period.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.417-429
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• 2003

Abnormal oceanic conditions associated with the passage of typhoons are examined using hydrographic and satellite data 1990-2002. During the passage period of typhoons in the Korean waters, an abrupt decrease of sea surface temperature (SST) in range of 5 to $8^{\circ}C$ was observed. The areas of SST decrease were an order of 100-200 km, and the low SST lasted about 15-25 days after passage of typhoon. After passage of typhoon, the water temperatures in the surface mixed layer of 30 m show negative anomalies for quite a long period. In addition, stratification parameters were substantially decreased and chlorophyll a density was rapidly increased.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2002

Historical control data have been shown to be valuable in the proper interpretation and validation of reproductive toxicology studies. The present data were compiled from rat fertility and early embryonic development studies conducted at Korea Institute of Toxicology during the 1994∼2001 period. These data were assembled in order to provide background information for the general and reproductive data collected in 11 fertility and early embryonic development studies using Sprague-Dawley rats obtain-ing from the Breeding Facility, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea. A total of 274 males and 274 females were used in these studies during the eight-year period. Parameters of fertility and early embryonic development included clinical sign, body weights, food consumption, organ weights, estrus cycle, copulation index, precoital time, fertility index, pregnancy index, sperm parameters, and early embryonic development parameters. Most of the values were comparable to the previous historical control data reported by other investigators. These data can be wed not only as a historical data base for the meaningful interpretation of data from reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, but also as a contribution to biological characterization of Sprague-Dawley rats.