• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2019

This study was raised by the need to explain why the problems related to private parks have been sustained. In order to identify the fundamental cause, it is necessary to analyze the historical and institutional context of private parks. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the direction of change in the private park system and to derive the characteristics of the system as it currently appears. The framework based on the historical institutionalism was divided into the Park Act (1967-1980), the former of Urban Park Act (1980-1993) and the late of Urban Park Act (1993-2005), and each was assessed using the analysis elements of the institutional environment and the outcomes of implementation. The analysis elements interpreted the path dependency, in which the inertia toward the choice of institution is maintained, despite the change in the environment. The institution took a special form of 'negative systeme' and secured profitability by expanding the types of park facilities while mitigating the criteria. Additionally, the designation of private park promoters as a landowner acted as a means of compensating those with property rights to unexecuted urban parks. The expectation effectiveness on urban park creation was insufficient and the environmental regulatory functions were weakened. Thus, historically, the private park system in Korea has experienced an 'institutional decoupling' as the purpose of the system and the results of actual outcomes are not consistent.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.26-39
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• 2017

Natural monument system was originally developed as an environmental movement and introduced in Korea during Japanese Colonization. Korea, Japan and Germany are the countries that have the natural monument systems. They are controlled by the Cultural Properties Protection Law in Korea and Japan but by the law of the protection of natural environment in Germany. For that reason the progress of the law and policy directions are similar between Japan and Korea. The natural monument system of Korea has been in use since 1930s, but the values and conditions of natural monument systems have changed over time. In terms of contents, these days cultural identity involved are getting more important than the natural scenic and ecological values, or rarity of plants. Also it's a trend to expand the preserved area around cultural properties which have been preserved on individual basis before. Finally it is necessary to discover and manage the registered cultural properties as potential designated cultural properties by creating the registration standard for natural heritage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 2022

In terms of habitat conservation, it is essential to develop a habitat assessment system that can evaluate not only the suitability of the current habitat, but also the health and stability of the habitat. This study aimed to develop a methodology of habitat quality assessment for endangered species by analyzing various existing habitat assessment methods. The habitat quality assessment consisted of selecting targeted species, planning of assessment, selecting targeted sites, assessing performance, calculating grade, and expert verification. Target sites were selected separately from core and potential habitats using a species distribution model or habitat suitability index. Habitat assessment factors were classified into ecological characteristic, landscape characteristic, and species-habitat characteristic. Ecological characteristic consisted of thirteen factors related to health of tree, vegetation, and soil. Landscape characteristic consisted of five factors related to fragment and connectivity of habitat. Species-habitat characteristic consisted of factors for evaluating habitat suitability depending on target species. Since meanings are different depending on characteristics, habitat quality assessment of this study could be used by classifying results for each characteristic according to various assessment purposes, such as designation of alternative habitats, assessment of restoration project, and protected area valuation for endangered species. Forest habitat quality assessment is expected to play an important role in conservation acts of endangered species in the future through continuous supplementation of this system in regard to quantitative assessment criteria and weighting for each factor with an influence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

This study was wanted to select a value evaluation item to maintain the authenticity of the Planting Landscape in Hahoe and Yangdong villages. Above all, after checking the suitability of the 43 selected items by the Focus Group Interview, the weight was calculated in the Analytic Hierarchy Process expert questionnaire to establish the importance of the indicators for the development of the assessment items. The expert analysis analyzed the importance of 2 sections, 6 divisions and 11 detailed categories, and summarized the results of the study as follows : First, the comparative importance of each category and selection of the assessment items for the stabilization of the Planting Landscape of Hahoe and Yangdong indicated that cultural values are more important than biological values. In particular, details of the biological values of trees were derived with relatively low estimates, except for the specific characteristics of species and items of type of tree. Second, as a result of verification of the suitability of the 43 items selected by the Focus Group Interview, the source diameter, the collection width, reception, flushing, supersonality, records, memorials, 11 items were selected, Third, the results of the importance evaluation of the value properties for maintaining the resistance of vegetation through the Analytic Hierarchy Process were : specific in biological values (0.187), steady (0.094), and water pipe width (2007). There was relatively little difference in the highest weights, the width of the pipe except for the lowest value received, and the source diameter flushing. Fourth, the results of an evaluation of the importance of a value property aimed at historical values were whether or not the cultural asset was designated (0.134), the record value (0.092), the time (0.088), and the monument (0.063). In terms of the importance of evaluating the historical values of Planting sites consisting of Hahoe and Yangdong, the importance of designation of cultural properties was considered to be relative to the maintenance of the Planting Landscape including culture and history. Based on the assessment items and weighted values of the Planting Landscape of Yangdong Village and the World Cultural Heritage below and below, this study's Analytic Hierarchy Process can be applied to actual criteria for the assessment of the authenticity of trees in the village. Based on the assessment items and weighted values of the Planting Landscape in Hahoe and Yangdong villages, a follow-up study on the assessment standards for the authenticity of trees in the village will be left as a future task.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.76-87
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the status of the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan and the value of national cultural heritage associated with it, to work towards gaining the acceptance criteria to become state-designated cultural property and to propose a plan for comprehensive maintenance, a plan for the promotion of the project and a plan for the management and operation. The Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan has unprecedented advancements, and the condition of the remains are relatively good. It would be necessary to conduct digging/excavation surveys continuously in the future and ensure the dignity of the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan as a cultural asset. In addition, the Gaetaesa Temple Site has excellent historical and cultural values as treasure-class cultural heritage. Most temples had treasures taken out of them, so it is necessary to designate this site as a state-designated cultural property instead of a municipality-designated cultural heritage site, and to manage it systematically. Accordingly, this study investigated the history and historical facts about the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan through the analysis of literature, including old documents, old maps, related academic papers and books, and referred to the results of digging/excavation surveys, conducted up to six times since the first excavation survey conducted in 1986, in order to understand the status of the remains, ruins and the building sites excavated at the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan. In addition, this study analyzed the values of the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan, dividing them into the remains, relics and ruins, and set up the scope of the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan, the cultural property area (designated and protected areas) and the acceptance criteria for the construction work in the historical and cultural environment preservation area. This study proposed a plan for the comprehensive maintenance of the Gaetaesa Temple Site in Nonsan, a plan for the promotion of the project and a plan for the management and operation. It is necessary to carry out ongoing excavation investigations and to reflect the opinions of the residents for the purchase of land, to supplement the comprehensive maintenance plan, business promotion and management plans, and step-by-step business plans should be established in detail.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.192-211
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• 2018

With significant influences of old industrial complex in September 2009, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport chose the 4 districts for the first pilot project. In December 2014, the second pilot project districts were established. In addition, there were 10 districts in April 2016 and 5 districts in April 2016 as the third pilot project and 5 districts in March 2017 as the fourth pilot project. In order to promote smooth business operation of the recycling business, we introduced the effective area designation and special system as stipulated in Article 39.12-13 of the Industrial Location and Development Act revised in May 2015. The effective area, It is a method that can promote propagation and diffusion of the rehabilitation business through visualization by making effective the promotion of the rehabilitation business and by promoting the business in consideration of the geographical feature of the region and industry group, The setting of the unreasonable effective area is based on the criteria and classification of the plan and the objective promotion method according to the individual characteristics of the aged industrial park because the delay of the rehabilitation business and the possibility of the increase of many problems are presented Be sure to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the old industrial complex database were constructed and utilized to classify the types of recycling projects. Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to strengthen the competitiveness of aged industrial complex by examining the correlation between the diagnosis of 83 aged industrial complex sites and the rehabilitation projects supported by the Ministry of Land, and the types of business promotion for aged industrial parks. It can be used as a guideline for the feasibility of the project.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.132-138
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• 2009

Proper education of hospice professionals is essential for ensuring quality of end-of-life care. In 2005, 'End-of-life Care Task Force Team' by Ministry of Health and Welfare established '60 hours of hospice education' as basic requirement for hospice professionals. This study is aimed to determine how many of the hospice professionals meet with the criteria and whether there are significant regional variations. Methods: We analyzed the data from 46 hospice organizations, which submitted the application to the 2008 designation program of Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Family Affairs. Data included details of the educational records of each hospice professionals. Results: Total 673 hospice professionals were included in the analysis. Overall, only 41.5% (279/673) met the requirement. Nurses (46.8%; 177/378) were more likely to meet the requirement than doctors (35.8%; 38/106), social workers (32.0%; 24/75) and clergies (35.1%; 40/114). Hospice professionals of the organizations in metropolitan area received more education than those in small cities or rural area (52.4% vs. 25.0% for doctors, 50.6% vs. 43.9% for nurses, 42.9% vs. 25.5% for social workers). By geographic areas, hospice professionals in southeast regions received less education than other part of Korea (28.1% vs. 43.0${\sim}$48.8%, respectively). Conclusion: Less than half of the Korean hospice professionals has received proper amount of hospice education, and significant regional variations existed. National programs to promote the education of hospice professionals and eliminate its disparities are greatly warranted. Implementation of the 60-hour currirulum for hospice professionals, based on the train-the-trainer model, would be regarded as one potential solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.440-451
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• 2000

This study was conducted in order to provide essential data and relevant management proposal to conserve and maintain big and old trees in a rational way. For the field survey, 77 big and old trees preserved by the laws in Chollabuk-do, Korea were investigated. The study results are summarized as follows : 1. To conserve and manage big and old trees, the valuable trees have been designated as natural monument trees and protection-needed trees. There are 141 individuals of 37 species designated as natural monuments and 10,049 individuals of 102 species designated as protection-needed trees. 2. Management budget for natural monument trees was devoted at 70% from the national expenditure, but that for protection-needed trees was devoted at 98% from the local expenditure. 3. Standardized sign boards and sign stones for natural monument trees were well placed and other protection facilities such as fences, branch supports and branch holdings were established. On the other hand, management of protection-needed trees was deficient overall. 4. Problems for designation process and management of protection-needed trees could include items such as insufficient management budget, various development activities, land ownership, misjudgement of tree age and species identification, unsatisfaction of sign board placement, insufficient surgery for damaged trees, pavement around tree root system and environmental pollution around the trees. 5. In order to improve the existing management methods of big and old trees, the following schemes were suggested : the development of practical criteria for natural monument and protection-needed trees, nationwide surveys of big and old tree resources, the security of national budget, securing sufficient spaces for the tree growth, specialization of management systems, extended practices of tree form management, establishment of permanent standard signs and consideration of opinions of village residents.