• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.152-166
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• 2009

By virtue of the development of mass media, the cinema, the composite space art taking the visual and auditory elements together, exhibits the actual life of the realities, thereby having a mutually close relationship to social, cultural and economic fields and continuing to generate the fashion code as well as reflecting the image of the times. Especially, fashion style in movies delivers their image and atmosphere and becomes the means for containing the personality, spiritual world and inner thinking of the characters in the movie and inducing its plot. Therefore, this study was intended to make clear that fashion fuses and shares with a diversity of genres such as movies and the like, becomes the cultural model that proceeds to create a new culture in relation to daily life and induces and presents the trend of contemporary fashion. For this purpose, this study attempted to analyze fashion style in the movie. Lolita is the fiction published by the Russian?American writer Vladimir Nabokov($1899{\sim}1977$) in 1954. It is the fiction that portrays the unethical love between Humbert, a middleaged man, and Lolita, a girl in her 10s. It was cinematized by the director Stanley Kubrick for the first time in 1962 and revived by the movie director Adrian Lyne in 1997. The character of Lolita has a younger look like a girl and looks immature in the movie directed by the movie director Stanley Kubrick and the movie director Adrian Lyne. But the character of Lolita has the commonality that she showed an incomplete female image of having a sexually freewheeling thinking. Thereby, this study sought to prove that the created fashion style of the character in the film not only became the clue to enable us to know the time and space background in the film but also helped the film develop effectively by performing a role of portraying the character in the movie. And it attempted to present that it becomes both the foundation for leading the fashion trend shown in contemporary fashion and the code of mass culture. Fashion style of Lolita in the movie appears to be reflected diversely in mass culture as well as fashion style in the contemporary times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.18
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• pp.225-245
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• 1992

The button is a part of costume. But it has the symbolism of costume in itself and reflects the sociocultural phenomena. The purpose of this study is to clarify symbolism of button of eighteenth and nineteenth century which had been most popular. This study is based on the library research. Through this paper, I reached conclusions as follows. The symbolism of button is found in various ways. First, Aesthetics is found in material, color, design and type etc. of button. Especially Indian silver button of abstract type shows well distinctive aesthetics of Indians. Second, The material and the number of button vary with one's status and show off one's privilege. I England, there was the rule, in which the symbol of the King was a silver button with a figure of lion. The livery button represents his family to the nble and shows the meaning of obedience to the servant. Third, The button on uniform varies with ranks. This is prominent in a uniform of a soldier or a policeman. Fourth Material and craft of button show one's economic position. The button gives a Very good picture of what one's life was then. Precious button with gold, silver, and other jewels is an index to one's property. Fifth, The button of political event is used for election, which shows the face and the name of runner. Besides that, there were buttons designed for the flag or the slogan for political event. Sixth, The button of social event reflects a social phase of life in war or revolution, for example, it satirizes the burning of the Bastille in the French Revolution, or the taxpayer bearing the burden. Seventh, the buttons that symbolize a historic event are made to commemorante an epochal and critical occurrence or an important person's birth, death, visit to some place, etc., Eighth, there were well-known persons, for example, a president, a king, a queen, a singer, or an artist in the buton of personality. Nineth, The button of one's company shows one's community in figures or pictures, that is, this button is used as a symbol one's community. Tenth, The button varies with the development of science and technology. It gives a very good picture of what it was and what the technological level was. Eleventh, The buttons that symmbolize on occupation most impressively are uniform buttons. Symbolic marks related with a particular occupation are carved on the buttons of compary employees' uniforms. Twelfth, Various natural phenomena are designed to appear on buttons, Some express themselves simply as they are, and others appear as a symbolic form such as environmental relationship between men and nature, four seasons, a constellation and all other natural things occurring during a year. Finally, The button of rebus is a motto expressed by a combination with objects figures, letters, words, or phrases.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

UI design is growing in meaning and form itself through the development of hardware and contents. And it makes users accept its interface as a extension of the body and mind because of the substantial rapport of the user and contents with developing of device and graphic. In this study, we analyzed user interface in a view of digital storytelling by observing of its role within user and contents. Not only this, classifying and investigating story elements in the games for forming the theoretical basis of storytelling UI are enforced. For the case study of UI, we choose the game, Diablo, Half-Life, and Homeworld because the game is suitable for the application of node-type storytelling and effectively uses graphic and input unit. This analysis explains the interface has the contents data that divided or shared and it means the interface performs its part of story nodes, which are extracted from the story, and choice. And we analogized that the story elemental can be substituted and used practically for interface because the stories made through the thing that users and developers are in the space of coexistence by the interface. Storytelling UI will be a good way to make a most intriguing piece as a joyful spontaneous complex that use story node. It is worth by reason of making by user and discovering live inner story so that it can approach to the substance of the story.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Purpose - A growing demand for sustainability reporting has placed pressure on firms with non-financial information that affects firm valuation, growth, and development. In particular, a number of researchers have investigated various topics in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), non-financial information. Prior studies suggest that CSR may affect corporate outcomes like corporate reporting, financial performance, and disclosures. However, the results from prior studies are not clear whether CSR affects corporate outcomes. This is partially due to the measurement issues with CSR. In this study, we examine whether CSR affects the quality of corporate reporting, one of the popular measures in corporate outcomes. We find an evidence that CSR positively affects the quality of corporate reporting. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we collected a unique dataset of CSR from MSCI. Total 169 firms listed in the Korean Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2014 were collected and analysed with the detailed CSR reports. Using a correlation test, we found a weak association between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting. However, the regression tests provided a strong relationship between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting after controlling for other variables that may affect the quality of corporate reporting. Additionally, we calculated the t-statistics based on heteroskedaticity-consistent standard errors (White, 1980). Results - Before we run the regression test, we sort the measures of the two dependent variables into each rating of CSR (from AAA to CCC). The results indicate that the quality of corporate reporting measured by discretionary accruals and performance-matched discretionary accruals monotonically decrease as the CSR ratings increase. This supports our hypothesis. In the regression tests, the coefficient on MJDA (PMDA) is -0.183 (-0.173) and significant at the 5% level. We can interpret the results as CSR affecting the quality of corporate reporting in positive ways. Other coefficients on control variables are consistent with prior studies. For example, the coefficients on both LOSS and LEV are positive and significant at conventional level, meaning that firms with financial difficulty may harm their quality of corporate reporting. Conclusion - We found an evidence that CSR is positively associated with the quality of corporate reporting. This study contributes to the literature in various ways. First, this study extends the line of CSR research by providing additional evidence in the setting of ethical behaviors by managements. This is consistent with the hypothesis and supports the results of prior studies. Second, to the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the MSCI CSR ratings. In contrast with prior studies using different measures of CSR, the MSCI CSR ratings allow us to provide in-depth analysis. Third, the additional measure of dependent variable (PMDA) allows us to improve the robustness of our results. Overall, the results provided this study to extend the findings in prior studies by providing incremental evidence.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Cities will soon host two third of the population worldwide, and already today 80% of the world energy is used in the 20 largest cities. Urban areas create 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, so we should take care that urban areas are smart and sustainable as implementations have especially here the greatest impact. Smart Cities (SC) or Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) are the actual concepts that describe methodologies how cities can handle the high density of citizens, efficiency of energy use, better quality of life indicators, high attractiveness for foreign investments, high attractiveness for people from abroad and many other critical improvements in a shifting environment. But if we talk about Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation, we do not see a lot of literature covering this topic within those SC/SSC concepts. It seems that 'Smart' implies that all is embedded, or isn't it properly covered as brick stone of SC/SSC concepts, as they are handled in another 'responsibility silo', meaning that the policy implementation of a Science and Technology Park (STP) is handled in another governing body than SC/SSC developments. If this is true, we will obviously miss a lot of synergy effects and economies of scale effects. Effects that we could have in case we stop the siloed approaches of STPs by following a more holistic concept of a Smart Sustainable City, covering also a continuous flow of innovation into the city, without necessarily always depend on large corporate SSC solutions. We try to argue that every SSC should integrate SP/STP concepts or better their features and services into their methodology. The very limited interconnectivity between these concepts within the governance models limits opportunities and performance in both systems. Redesigning the architecture of the governance models and accepting that we have to design a system-of-systems would support the possible technology flow for smart city technologies, it could support testbed functionalities and the public-private partnership approach with embedded business models. The challenge is of course in complex governance and integration, as we often face siloed approaches. But real SSC are smart as they are connecting all those unconnected siloes of stakeholders and technologies that are not yet interoperable. We should not necessarily follow anymore old greenfield approaches neither in SSCs nor in SP and STP concepts from the '80s that don't fit anymore, being replaced by holistic sustainability concepts that we have to implement in any new or revised SSC concepts. There are new demands for each SP/STP being in or close to an SC/SCC as they have a continuous demand for feeding the technology base and the application layer and should also act as testbeds. In our understanding, a big part of STP inputs and outputs are still needed, but in a revised and extended format. We know that most of the SC/STP studies claim the impact is still far from understood and often debated, therefore we must transform the concepts where SC/STPs are not own 'cities', but where they act as technology source and testbed for industry and new SSC business models, being part of the SC/STP concept and governance from the beginning.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

In 2005, there was a partial revision of the Act on the Promotion of Education for the Handicapped people, so that students with health impairments would be able to receive special education support. Since the amendment of the bill, to support them classified into weak people in education, education support systems have been proposed and settled so that they may receive the support for free. According to the pre-study, after the amendment of this bill, there has been many studies on the form of educational service to support them, and recently, there have been a lot of researches to investigate their satisfaction with the current services and draw its problems. And yet these studies have been carried out by the preceeding researchers at the drawing of problems, but have a limitation to present fundamental countermeasures to the problems. Therefore, this study attempted to understand the meaning of health impairment through the pre-study and investigate the forms of the services currently supporting them and analyze the problem of each service. In addition, to solve the identified problems, a new support system was proposed. In order to confirm the performance of the system, we design the user satisfaction survey composed of a Likert 5-point scale per each question, and to make the task, comparing stories and clapping for increasing quality of their subjective evaluation about the image and voice transmission when the user uses it. As a result, in the overall evaluation of the robot system, the average score of each question was recorded to 4.31 points, and through the two tasks, it was found that there were effective data transmission of image and voice.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.188-195
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• 2015

Purpose: We examined the effects of a well-dying program on nursing students in terms of death preparation, death recognition and perception of well-dying perception. Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental and non-synchronized with a non-equivalent control group. The study was conducted with nursing students: 32 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group. The well-dying program was consisted of five sessions: introduction, thinking about meaning of death, organizing things to do before dying, looking back on my life, and leaving a trail of my life. Descriptive analysis, t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test and ANCOVA were used with SPSS 18.0 program to analyze the data. Results: After attending the program, a difference was observed in death preparation of the experimental group (t=2.61, P=0.014). The death recognition (F=154.15, P<0.001) score of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in perception of well-dying (F=0.11, P=0.747). Conclusions: The well-dying program helped nursing students build positive death recognition. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to development of a death education program for nursing students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of practical course operation in a non-face-to-face online environment, learning effects, and students' experiences and perceptions for radiology major students using a survey. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 34 items in 5 areas: general characteristics of subjects, current learning participation in non-face-to-face environments, learning satisfaction, learning outcomes, improvement and requirements. For the analysis of the questionnaire responses, frequency analysis was performed on the response frequency, ratio, and scale for each item. Based on the general characteristics of the survey respondents, cross-analysis was performed using the chi-square test for participation in non-face-to-face learning, learning performance, and learning satisfaction. implemented. Improvements and requirements were qualitatively analyzed for the repetition frequency of words with the same meaning. Through the results of analyzing the responses of a total of 397 questionnaires, the direction of design and development of practical classes in a non-face-to-face environment in the future and basic information and implications for efficient operation were confirmed. Based on this, it is necessary to continue to think and make efforts for the efficient operation of non-face-to-face practice classes in the post-corona era.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2023

In order to create an organizational culture that prevents women's career breaks and promotes economic activities, this study aimed at developing educational content for workplace culture improvement for both male and female workers working at small and medium-sized enterprises in Jeollanam-do. The core content composition and content design specifically consider the characteristics of Jeollanam-do based on an advisory meeting of the field experts and researchers to ensure the on-site utilization of the content and the validity and consistency of the teaching content. The educational content is divided into three areas: understanding, effectiveness, and the implementation of a gender-sensitive work-life balance organizational culture. The aim of the content is for all employees to understand the meaning of work-life balance and to improve the organizational culture of their company from the perspective of individuals, families, companies, and society. In particular, the intention was to personally identify and implement measures to improve a gender-equal work-life balance, not only at work, but also with regard to domestic labor and leisure time. Furthermore, the content is presented from a gender-sensitive perspective that encompasses diversity, systems, and programs targeting women, men, single people, married people, young people, the elderly, and people with disabilities - all these groups are explained as examples. The content emphasizes that we should all actively participate in improving the organizational culture of our companies. In addition, the Women's New Work Center should seek ways to increase the motivation for the voluntary participation by companies and strengthen the expertise of instructors in work-life balance education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.72-83
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• 2013

This study suggests the necessity of landscaping alternatives for the succession of Takjok(濯足) culture by considering the background and meaning of Takjok's cultural phenomenon shown in old literatures and paintings and its result is as follows. An old idiom, 'Takyoung Takjok(濯纓濯足)' implying a disinterested living attitude from the mundane world and an attitude complying with nature, has been sublimated to 'Takjokjiyu(濯足之遊)' which means living in comfortable retirement through life in seclusion(隱逸). Classical scholars immerse their feet in soft-flowing(柔軟) water for 'Mulailche(物我一體; synchronized with nature)' which is a unified condition with 'Do(道; truth)' and connected to the stage of 'Yu(遊)', a free mental state, and its nature. The cultural phenomenon of Takjok appeared in the inherited landscape paintings in the Joseon dynasty period after the late stage of Koryo. Takjok shown in 'Pal Kyung Shi'(八景詩; poetry singing for the eight scenary) was described as not a transcendent scene, but as a scenery of daily life. Dense forest and water, such as a stream with clean water, rocks, and pine trees shown in Takjok paintings have been symbolized as a seclusion space for classical scholars with higher thinking and their mental states have been more emerged. Mental pleasures called as seclusion and Takjokjiyu have been relatively emphasized in the Takjok paintings of the Joseon Dynasty period contrary to the Chinese Takjok paintings emphasizing Chung Gye(淸溪; clean stream) and Chang Rang(滄浪; high and clean wave) and strongly representing the image of 'Chung Ryu'(淸流; clean flowing water) and the veneration for antiquity. The view of nature described in the Takjok paintings represents the provision of nature as a situation and attitudes of classical scholars and implies a Taoism perspective which describes the 'do' of nature. This view of nature itself remained intact(無爲自然) with the love of mountains and water, showing a side of the zeitgeist and aesthetic consciousness of China and Joseon. The 'Takjokjiyu' of both countries has be interpreted as a symbol of personality development, behavior, life in seclusion, or transcending the mundane world and has also been accepted as a method of summer vacation in the real world. It should be considered that Takjok includes ordinary people's wisdom to resist the hot weather, as well as the classical scholar's ideal and the veneration of antiquity. From this perspective, water space, Takjok rocks, and the use of water based on the environmental supportability should be newly focused as a recreational space and it reminds us that the spirit of Takjok is a classical mental healing method.