• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-88
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• 2010

The effective administration of hospital with innovation and human resource practices is a matter of grave concern because hospitals are becoming bigger and more specialized. Biomedical engineers who manage medical machineries and tools used to deliver healthcare services in a hospital setting play an important role in providing customers good quality services. Maintaining job satisfaction of biomedical engineers is, thus, important in the delivery of quality care. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study aiming to determine factors affecting job satisfaction of biomedical engineers working in general hospitals. The study population consisted of biomedical engineers at 79 general hospitals of 26 regions based on the registry of the Korea Medical Engineering Association (KMEA). The data were collected using a self-administerd questionnaire between May and July of 2009. Job satisfaction was assessed with 19 items covering 3 dimensions of work-external, work-internal, and organizational aspects (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.884$), resulting in an average summary score. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS for Windows version 15.0. The mean score of job satisfaction was 3.50 (${\pm}0.04$). There were statistically significant differences in job satisfaction according to age, health status, job position, duration of work as a biomedical engineer, years in the current workplace, difficulty at work, intent to change job, and the amount of support from superiors and colleagues. In multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting job satisfaction of biomedical engineers were salary, health status, and support of superiors and colleagues ($r^2=0.512$). Effective motivation-plans, taking into account organizational characteristics and the working environment of the hospital, may help to improve the job satisfaction of biomedical engineers.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.159-168
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• 2004

Theoratical and academic research of korean design study started from 1979, the year of establishment of the Korean Society of Design Science. From that point, social contribution and academic research of design study through the academic exchange has been brought up. I collected 2,065 thesises from the 'Journal of Korean Society of design Science' and 'Journal of Korean Society of Basic Design and Art' to analyze the design study tendency during last 24 years. The purpose of this paper is to show the Design study tendency and the direction of the design study with the empirical analysis. The frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were used for the data analysis, and the $X^2$ has been used to verify the differences between the observed frequency and expected frequency of items. The Original articles of design study has been increased steadily because of the growing importance of the design study in the society. The analysis shows Design Foundation Study, Design Application Study and Design Basic Study are the most frequently studied area in the Korean Design Study. Design Study utilize the research methodology of social science to get the reasonable and objective result. Because of this, the number of empirical research method has been increased in the research methodology in Korean Design Study.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.298-311
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe levels of multiple stress factors and depression, and to examine the effects of the stress factors on depression among female marriage immigrants in Korea. Methods: Participants were 322 female marriage immigrants currently residing in Korea, who migrated from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries. Stress of female marriage immigrants was measured on the SMFMI (Stress Measure of Female Marriage Immigrants in Korea), consisting of 21 items in four factors (cultural, household economic, emotional, and parenting and discrimination stress). CES-D was used to assess depression among marriage immigrants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe's post hoc tests, and multiple regressions were performed for data analyses. Results: The average score for stress was 1.34 (SD=.98, theoretical range: 0-4) and the average score for depression was 17.07 (SD=10.09) in these female marriage immigrants. Adjusting for household income, employment status, duration since immigration, and Korean language proficiency, household economic stress (p<.001) was identified as the strongest predictor in explaining depression of female marriage immigrants (Adjusted $R^2=.331$). Conclusion: Health care professionals should prioritize intervention strategies to alleviate household economic stress for mental health promotion in female marriage immigrants in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale for older adults with hypertension in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 196 participants. Translation and back-translation were performed by bilingual nursing professionals and a nutritionist. Reliability and validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To evaluate the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and concurrent scales (hypertension adherence scale and self-efficacy scale) were calculated. Results: The total 20 items for the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care (HBP-SC) Behavior Scale were retained during item-analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, a two-factor solution was proposed and the two factors named, 'HBP-SC Diet behavior' and 'HBP-SC Health behavior (except diet)'. The two factors accounted for 48.9% of the variances. The Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale correlated with concurrent variables such as hypertension adherence and self-efficacy. For reliability of the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.92$. Conclusion: Findings show that the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior is reliable and valid for measuring self-care behavior of older adults with hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Objectives: To develop and evaluate the applicability of a health literacy instrument in patients with diabetes by measuring their ability to understand diabetes-related words. Methods: Diabetes-related words were extracted from the Korean Diabetes Association's website and literature reviews. In the first phase, three nursing researchers evaluated 2,661 diabetes-related words based on graded lexical vocabularies and what patients need to know about self-care, and the narrowed them to 255 words. In the second phase, a content validity assessment was conducted by an expert panel. In the third phase, the remaining 25 words were administered to 200 conscientious with type 2 patients aged 40 years old and using a Gallup survey from March 3 to 17, 2016 in Seoul, Korea. Descriptive analysis and Rasch analysis were performed to test psychometric properties. Results: The mean score was 21.47 with a range of 0 to 25. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .92. The health literacy instrument using diabetes-related words had a ceiling effect response. Conclusions: Diabetes-related words are useful and reliable items for testing the health literacy of diabetes patients. Future study is needed to develop and validate health literacy measures for diabetic patients.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to examine the levels of the perception and work performance of patient safety based on the healthcare accreditation criteria among long-term care hospital nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires. Out of 205 criteria, 39 items relevant to patient safety were selectively adapted for this study. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean scores of perception and work performance were 4.36 and 4.24 out of 5, respectively, and the difference between them was significantly different (t=5.78, p<.001). The two variables were both significantly higher among those nurses who were older, married, head nurses, had many nursing experiences, and aware of Healthcare Accreditation than the other nurses. Positive correlations were observed between perception and work performance in all three sub-systems. The relations between these two in the patient care system was the most highly correlated (r=.894, p<.001). The lowest scores of perception and work performances were fire-related criteria (i.e., reporting). Conclusion: Overall, subject's perception proves to be higher than their work performance. It is necessary to develop some viable environment and training programs to enhance their work performance up to the level of their perception of patient safety.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.207-217
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the workplace response system (WRS) against infectious disasters (IDs) based on the response attitudes and capacity of occupational health nurses (OHNs) who worked during the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. Methods: Fifty-one participants who had worked as OHNs at the time of the 2015 MERS outbreak were surveyed from November 20 to December 10, 2016. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and McNemaer's test. Results: According to the survey results, the following were lacking in the WRS: a dedicated ID-response team, manuals, related education programs for OHNs, and health education programs for workers. Results also confirmed that workers were vulnerable to new infectious diseases because of the lack of health checkups and support for workers before and after business trips abroad. Among the respondents, 98.0% answered affirmatively that an ID was important for health management in the workplace, but 64.7% answered that it was difficult to manage an ID. The perceived capacity items to respond to IDs ranged from 3.0 points to 3.3 points. This scores were generally high. Conclusion: As the WRS is currently insufficient, it is necessary to develop an adequate WRS to IDs by addressing the identified problems.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.718-727
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of physical activity and its relationships with depression, health-related quality of life (QoL), sleep disturbance, and physiological indicators in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The participants in this study were 139 patients undergoing hemodialysis in the hospitals in Busan and Yangsan-si. Data were collected using hematologic tests and questionnaires that contained items about individual characteristics, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), Center For Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, and correlation. Results: Mean age of the participants was $59.91{\pm}12.63$ and mean physical activity levels were $1,660.35{\pm}1,654.17$. Patients who performed higher physical activities during their daily activities reported lower levels of depression (F=4.16, p=.018) and higher levels of QOL (PCS: F=5.00, p=.008, MCS: F=8.66, p<.001) than those of the others who did not perform physical activities. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of physical activity among hemodialysis patients was significantly associated with their depression and QOL. Developing strategies for enhancing physical activity is warranted to improve depression and QOL among hemodialysis patients.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.717-726
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to examine the degree of knowledge and compliance of breast self-examination with women. The subjects for this study were 474 women aged 35-65 receiving health examination from Yonsu-ku Public Health Service Center in Inchon. Data collection was conducted through the use of 2 questionnaires. Analysis of the data was done by used of descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were significant differences in the breast self-examination compliance rate according to age(F=5.82, p=.000), marital status(F=2.67, p=.047), educational level (F=5.83, p=.000) and household income (F=3.41, p=.018). 2. The correct answer rate for each items of breast self-examination knowledge scale was between 14.1% of a minimum rate and 65.0% for a maximum rate of 100. The degree of knowledge for relation of breast cancer and menopause, the time of the highest occurance of breast cancer, the best time of breast self-examination and inspection methods of breast self-examination shows relatively low understanding. 3. The average score of breast self-examination was 1.34 from a maximum score of 6. The score of breast self-examination with palpation methods was higher than with inspection methods. 4. A positive correlation was found between breast self-examination knowledge and compliance rate (r=.417, p=.001). According to the results, it is necessary to provide knowledge of the relationship of breast cancer and menopause, the time of the highest occurance of breast cancer, and the best time of breast self-examination and inspection methods of breast self-examination. Also, it is necessary to provide detail guidance for inspection methods and develop a program for promoting the compliance of breast self-examination.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5611-5615
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• 2014

Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.