• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for developing a social policy program and group counseling program that will help matriarchs adapt successfully by investigating the level of depression and perceived health status in them. The data was collected from the period February to July, 2000 which included 155 matriarchs who registered at the 'YWCA', 'Working Women Center' located in Busan. The matriarche's depression was measured through a questionnaire composed of 13 selected items which correspond to depression of SCL-90-R scale and the tool for perceived health status measured by Ware(1976) translated by Yoo Ji Soo, Kim Jo Ja and Park Ji Won (1985). The data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and pearson correlation coefficient. The result of which are, as follow: 1. The mean score of depression was 30.8 (SD=${\pm}5.1$) from a range of 13 to 52, and perceived health states was 28.3 (SD=${\pm}4.4$) from a range of 11 to 44. 2.83.3% of the matriarchs have experienced mild depression and above and 3.9% of them experienced high level of depression. 9.0% of the matriarchs perceived their health status low and 78.6% of them have percieved their health status moderately. 3. There was a significant difference statistically in the degree of depression according to the religion(t=2.852, p=.005) and income(t=4.25, p=.000). 4.There was also a negative correlation between depression and perceived health status (r=-.499, p=.000) In conclusion, the majority of matriarchs have experienced depression and perceived their health status below moderately, and there was a significant correlation between depression and preceived health status. Considering these facts therefore, We recommend that this data be used in developing nursing intervention program and in understanding matriarchs. Finally, it is suggested that the nursing assistance for matriarchs should not be limited only to physical support but also psychological and systematic support as well.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the activities and job satisfaction of public health doctors in charge of community health programmes. Subjects were 138 public health doctors charged with community health project, registered in the roll of public health doctors, made out by Central Supporting Team for the District Health Work in 2002. Data was obtained from Ninety-six public health doctors. The response rate was 70%. The survey was conducted from March to April in 2003 bye-mail. The items of the questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of participants, understanding of their activities, support system, job satisfaction, and suggestions to improve the system. Collected data was analyzed using PC-SPSS 10.1. Descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANOVA test were used. The results are as follows: Most of the respondents showed a low participation rate in community health services, but they agreed to the importance of their activities and the necessity to modify and improve the system. 70% of the respondents were dissatisfied with their jobs. The participation in health planning and programmes of health center, and the degree of acceptance of their opinion from health center workers were significantly related to their job satisfaction. The participation rate of the public health doctors having specialty, in community health services is higher than that of the others. In terms of the supports for system operation, the reflection of one's intention in job arrangement process, education and public relation of this system, and the administrative and financial supports made significant differences in the job satisfaction and the accomplishment of their duty. The respondents hoped that the administrative and financial supports for public health doctors in charge of community health programmes should be reinforced to motivate them. They also wanted that they could keep from being overloaded with clinical services. They favored to conduct home visit, community diagnosis, health planning, and health promotion programs as their appropriate activities. From these results, we suggest some strategies to motivate and empower the public health doctors in charge of community health programmes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.415-423
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• 2001

This descriptive study was designed to find out the relation between self concept and ethical concept of nurses. The data were collected from 224 staff nurses in a tertiary hospital located in Suwon city during February 24 to March 7, 2001. Self concept was measured with questionnaire developed by chung (1965) and ethical concept was measured with the questionnaire developed by the researcher. The 5 point Likert scale questionnaire had 95 items. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The mean score of self concept was 3.11. The ethical concept were measured in 4 areas and mean scores were : accountability, 3,93; collaboration, 3.70; caring, 3.63; an advocacy, 3.15. So accountability was the area with the highest score in ethical concept. 2) Nurses' self concept was significantly related to ethical concept (collaboration, r=.34, p<.001; advocacy, r=.32, p<.001; caring, r=.28, p<.001; and responsibility, r=.23, p<.001). 3) The self concept was significant in age(F=3.28, p=.000) and the ethical concept was significant in age(F=15.88, p=.000), education level(t=2.16, p=0.03), career(F=5.16, p=.001) In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between self concept and ethical concept of nurses. High score in accountability may be related to high level of legal responsibility of nurses. This finding suggests that it is the length of nursing career is significantly related to both self-concept and ethical concept. Thus, it is important to improve self concept in order to improve ethical concept of nurses from early the beginning of their career.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.345-358
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• 1996

All human health behavior is deeply rooted one's beliefs or value system usually encompassed within the culture in which they live. The Taegyo, based on Oriental folk medicine, is defined as the behavior and self care of pregnant women administered for herself and her fetus(unborn child). Taegyo is believed to be desirable, effective, and healthy behavior by most of Korean pregnant women. It is essential in our contemporary culture, to ascertain what the components of Taegyo are and to integrate them into current, western nursing care, particularly in the area of prenatal care. 910 Korean women were the subjects of this study, who were in a gestation period of pregnancy between 10 weeks to three months postpartum. The subjects were selected by clustered smpling from 10 representative cities in Korea. Data was collected from February 10 to March 30 1995 by a constructed Questionnaire which consisted of 95 items. The questionnaire was developed through three steps such as content analysis, calculation of content validity index, and pretest. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and rotated matrix factor analysis with pc-SAS. The mean age of the subjects was 28.9 years : 36.5％ of them were employed and the mean income per month was about 2000 dollars. The component of Taegyo was clustered into five factors such as fetus psychological stability(equity), fetus personality development, maternal-fetal interaction, fetus intellectual development and physical health promotion. The variance of each factor were 23.7％, 8.3％, 4. 7％, 4.1％, and 3.3％ respectively in that order. The Eigen value of each factor was 13.03, 4.57, 2.60, 2.23, and l.83 respectively. It was found that the Taegyo is an unique and holistic self care behavior of Korean pregnant women. Therefore it has been concluded that this study has broadened the understandability of the implications the Taegyo. It is suggested that further studies on the effects of the Taegyo are needed to provide a scientific basis for professional maternity nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the appreciation or recognition of quick response systems, with the utilization of technology, can improve operations for businesses in the DongDaeMoon fashion market. A survey was conducted from April 25 to May 10 in 2007, among owners and designers of wholesale shops in the DongDaeMoon fashion market. Data was collected from 270 subjects, and general descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was applied to acquire various parameters. Firstly, the product types within the DongDaeMoon fashion market were small and medium quantity batch production systems. The majority of businesses adopted the production strategy of outsourcing through subcontracted factories. To re-order, a fashion merchandising required 2 to 3 days. Secondly, the design sources of fashion merchandises were national fashion brands, popular items within the same industries, and also fashion magazines. New products was made within 4 days after a sample item was received. Business acquaintances were fashion retail shops of DongDaeMoon, and internet or home shopping companies. Thirdly, the recognition of importance and effects of quick response systems was difference between high and low group of the utilization of technology in the DongDaeMoon fashion market.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.986-993
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare stress levels of elementary students according to three regional levels: a large city, a medium-sized city, and a rural area. Methods: This was a descriptive comparative survey using a convenience sample of 1,161 5th-and 6th-grade students. The stress level was measured by a stress scale that consisted of 65 items regarding personal characteristics, family, school, and peer factors. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using the SPSS 10.0 statistical program. Results: Overall, the mean stress scores reported by the participants were near the middle of a 5-point scale and the level of family-related stress was highest, followed by peer, school, and individual-related stress. Sixth-graders and female students showed higher stress levels than 5th-graders and male students, respectively. The participants reporting unsatisfaction with their lives and those living in large cities tended to have significantly higher stress levels. Conclusion: Grade, gender, life satisfaction, and regional levels were all significant factors associated with high stress levels among elementary students. Development of stress management programs for this specific population, especially targeting students who are female and living in large cities, is needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.228-237
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking status among adult workers, and current status of sugar intake. Methods: The survey included 500 men working in Gyeonggi-do from October to November in 2016. Questionnaire items covered their age, working status, smoking status, eating habits, eating behaviors, snack consumption status, habits and behaviors related to sugar intake. All data were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, One-way ANOVA and Scheffe test were used for post-hoc test. Results: The study results showed that eating habits and behaviors of non-smokers were better than those of smokers. The frequency of daily snack consumption was the highest in smokers compared to and non-smokers. The smokers' favorite taste after smoking was 'Sweet'. The average score of sugar-related nutrition knowledge was higher in non-smokers compared to smokers. Non-smokers had better recognition of 'sugar reduction', and smokers were more likely to eat sweet foods, respectively. On the other hand, non-smokers could observe that they were trying to control themselves for health reasons. According to the results of the study, non-smokers showed better eating habits and dietary habits and consumed less sugar. Also, it was found that non-smokers tried to drink more water than beverages and refrain from eating sweets to reduce their sugar intake. Further, the most of the bread, coffee and beverages were also consumed at a lower frequency by non-smokers compared to smokers. Conclusions: This study results showed that smoking and sugar consumption were closely related. Therefore, adult workers should actively promote and learn so that they can maintain healthy and suitable dietary habits through reduction of sugar consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of current dietetic internship program. The survey sample was dietetic practitioners who were charged with a training for dietetic students. The questionnaire requested information about demographic information, experience of guidance for the dietetic student, self evaluation as trainer, fortification Items in university education, and difficulties of the internship program. Data was analyzed using SAS for windows(version 6.12), Descriptive statistics were used such as means, standard deviations, frequency distribution and percentages. Comparison of mean differences was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Participants identified how effective the current internship program was. Result indicated that the effectiveness was not high(2.81), and under 29 years old age group, under 6 years work experience group, and contracted foodservice group had positive opinion of the program significantly. Under 29 years old age group, evaluated themselves as a good trainer. The results revealed that respondents wanted to be fortified the practical training courses in school curriculum.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-59
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• 2012

This study has two purposes: The first is to compare gifted with non-gifted about learning styles and examine differences in the preference of learning styles between group characteristics depending on gender. The second is to examine differences between gifted and non-gifted about the preference of learning styles. The participants were 152 students from the middle schools in A City. 76 students of them belonged to the gifted group and the rest were non-gifted group. LSDI Learning Styles Diagnostic Inventory has been employed as measurement tools. Besides descriptive statistics, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$ analysis were used to measure items. The results from data analysis are as follows. First, there was difference in learning styles between gifted and non-gifted. Second, there was not difference in the preference of learning styles between groups depending on the gender. Finally, this study discussed the results and their implication, the direction of future research in understanding and interpreting of learning styles for their practical usages.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to obtain and offer useful information on innerwear industry through an analysis of consumer purchasing behavior and preference of their between the 20's and 60's. From 310 questionnaires that were distributed, 310 with usable data were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics(frequency and chi-square test), by using SPSSWIN 10.0. The results were as follows: The results show that since the surveyed women's purchasing patterns were varied according to their ages it is necessary to develop new items and designs tailored for particular needs and wants of each age group. For those in their 20's, it is suggested that the innerwear design may consider reflecting the trend of the young women nowadays as characterized by a major fashion-led group who regard fashion as a way of expressing themselves and are not hesitant to wear clothing designed to be exposed their body. The innerwear products for women in their 30's and 40's should emphasize on the aspects of customizing and satisfying these women's different lifestyles. The study also reveal that for age groups of the 50's and 60's women these products should be developed in a way to intensify functions of thermal property and absorbency coupled with a classic design rather than daring styles. In conjunction with material developments it is necessary to establish a sizing system for the knitted innerwear products which reflect the specific characteristics of women's body type in their middle-and later years.