• 과학교육연구지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.121-149
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• 2022

서술형 평가는 수학과 교육과정에서 강조하는 문제해결 능력 신장, 추론 능력, 의사소통 능력과 관련하여 의미있는 평가 방법이라 할 수 있다. 우리나라에서는 제7차 수학과 교육과정 이후로 수행평가가 강조되면서 중등학교에서 수행평가의 한 방법으로 서술형 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 그렇지만, 대학수학능력시험에서는 여러 가지 이유로 서술형 평가가 도입되지 못하고 있다. 수학교실에서 서술형 평가가 강조되고 교육적으로 충분히 가치가 있다는 것을 감안하면, 대학수학능력시험에서 서술형 평가의 실시에 대한 진지한 논의가 필요할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 대학수학능력시험에 해당하는 러시아의 국가통합시험의 수학 교과에서 실시 중인 서술형 평가를 분석하였다. 문헌 연구를 통해, 국가통합시험에서 수학 시험 문제들이 어떻게 구성되었는지, 시험에서 요구되는 수학적 능력은 무엇인지 고찰하였다. 특히, 국가통합시험의 수학 2021년 출제 문제를 중심으로 문제들의 외적 구조를 분석하였고, 서술형 문제들의 채점 방법을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 우리나라의 대학수학능력시험에서 서술형 문제의 도입 가능성에 대한 다양한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.285-310
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• 2019

최근 지역사회 공공도서관을 통해 수집되는 마을기록물은 정리하고 보존하여 주민이 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위해 별도의 시스템을 통해 관리하는 것 보다 도서관 자료의 범주에 포함 시켜 도서관자료관리시스템을 통해 통합 관리하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 ISAD(G)과 DC등 마을기록물을 대상으로 하는 기술표준의 기술요소를 비교분석하여 공통되거나 유사한 기술요소는 통합하여 25개의 기술요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 25개 기술요소는 델파이 기법을 통하여 전문가를 대상으로 3차례에 걸쳐 실증적인 검증을 거쳐 최종 3개 기술영역과 21개 기술요소로 도출하였다. 도출된 기술요소는 KORMARC-통합서지용의 데이터필드와 매핑을 통해 필수, 권장, 선택으로 구분하고 도서관자료관리시스템에 적용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.207-239
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• 2013

This research is a study on student's understanding fundamental concepts of mathematical curriculum, especially in geometry domain. The goal of researching is to analyze student's concepts about that domain and get the mathematical teaching methods. We developed various questions of descriptive assessment. Then we set up the term, procedure of research for the understanding student's knowledge of geometric figures. And we analyze the student's understanding extent through investigating questions of descriptive assessment. In this research, we concluded that most of students are having difficulty with defining the fundamental concepts of mathematics, especially in geometry. Almost all the students defined the fundamental conceptions of mathematics obscurely and sometimes even missed indispensable properties. And they can't distinguish between concept definition and concept image. Prior to this study, we couldn't identify this problem. Here are some suggestions. First, take time to reflect on your previous mathematics method. And then compile some well-selected questions of descriptive assessment that tell us more about student's understanding in geometric concepts.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analize the types of symbol concretely, one of a constituent elements of brand, using in Apparel Brands and to examine the meaning of symbol in the internet site of each brand and to evaluate the symbols in the aesthetic dimension and to suggest a basic data of the branding strategy for marketers. For this purpose, 41 Apparel Brands were selected from fashion magazine and the types of symbol used in the Apparel Brands were classified into three types. According to the formative characters of symbol, there were word symbol, descriptive symbol and abstractive symbol. The results of the study were following: the order was the descriptive symbol, word symbol, and abstractive symbol. The percentages of using symbols were descriptive symbol(61%), word symbol(29%), and abstractive symbol(l0%). The Apparel Brands used the most frequently the descriptive symbol that represents or symbolizes a concrete object to represent the image of brand. The abstractive symbol that use a graphic style or geometrical form to deliver the character of brand was used lowest. From this results, we could find that the descriptive symbol was used to deliver/notify the character or image of company's own brand easy and quickly to consumers in symbolic meaning making use of a concrete object such as a animal, plant, specific object or fictitious person, etc than word or abstractive symbol.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.197-213
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• 2018

Descriptive problems can be used to grow student's ability of thinking logically and creatively, because it shows if the students had a reasonable way of thinking. Rate of descriptive problems is increasing in middle and high school exams. However, students in middle and high schools are generally used to answering multiple-choice or short-answer questions rather than describing the solving process. The purpose of this paper is to gain a theoretic ground to increase the rate of descriptive problems. In this study, students were to solve some multiple-choice problems, and after a few weeks, to solve the problems of same contents in the form of descriptive problems which requires the students to write the solving process. The difference of the scores were measured for each problems to each students, and students were asked what they think the reason for rise or fall of the score is. The result is as follows: First, average scores of 7 of 8 problems used in this study had fallen when it was in descriptive form, and for 5 of them in the rate of 11.2%~16.8%. Second, the main reason of falling is that the students have actual troubles of describing the solving process. Third, in the case of rising, the main reason was that partial scores were given in the descriptive problems. Last, there seems a possibility gender difference in the reason of falling. From these results, followings are suggested to advance the learning, teaching and evaluation in mathematics education: First, it has to be emphasized enough to describe the solving process when solving a problem. Second, increasing the rate of descriptive problems can be supported as a way to advance the evaluation. Third, descriptive problems have to be easier to solve than multiple-choice ones and it is convenient for the students to describe the solving process. Last, multiple-choice problems have to be carefully reviewed that the possibility of students' choosing incorrect answer with a small mistake is minimal.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2015

문제해결력 및 창의력 등과 같은 고등정신능력 배양을 위한 평가체제 구축의 일환으로 2005년 도입된 서술형 평가는 매년 평가비율이 증가하면서 단순 지식을 요구하는 선다형 평가의 대안적 평가로 떠오르고 있다. 정부의 서술형 평가 비율 확대로 학교현장에서 표면적으로는 어느 정도 정착이 되어 운영되고 있으나 실제 서술형 평가가 의도한 목적을 달성했다고 확언할 수 없다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 경기도 5개 중학교에서 실시된 과학과 서술형 평가 문항을 대상으로 서술형 평가 문항의 특성을 분석하였으며, 이러한 특성을 갖는 요인을 분석하고자 문항을 출제한 교사를 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하였다. 연구결과 서술형 평가 문항들은 ① 출제되는 단원의 편중, ② 단원별 문제 형식의 차이, ③ ‘고등정신능력’ 측정의 미흡이라는 문항의 특성을 갖고 있었다. 이러한 문항의 특성을 갖는 요인은 교사들의 평가 문항 제작, 평가 도구의 이해 등에 대한 능력이 결여되었기 때문이었다. 이러한 요소들은 모두 평가 전문성의 결여로 설명될 수 있다. 이를 통해 교사들의 평가 전문성을 신장을 위한 방안이 요구됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Phenomenology has been developed by philosophers like Kant and Husserl since the late 18th century. Jaspers, a German psychiatrist, adopted it into psychopathology studies and accumulated data by closely observing and recording the patients' symptoms and signs. Among descriptions done even before the psychopathology or diagnostic criteria of disorders in the field of child psychiatry was established, we can find exact and valuable descriptions matching the autism spectrum disorder or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The diagnostic criteria of modern childhood psychiatric disorders were established based on these grounds. Phenomenological/descriptive methods in various psychiatric fields lead to medical study methods for social phenomenon such as oiettolie, hikikomori, and internet game addiction. Since Romanian orphans were adopted to the western world, descriptive studies along with neurobiological studies on the influence of stimulus deprivation on emotional and physical development are being conducted. While phenomenology, which was adopted by Jaspers to verify psychopathology, was developed mainly by observation and description, recent studies are explaining such descriptive phenomena even at the synapse level due to advances in neurobiology. Although phenomenological/descriptive psychiatry, describing precise and detailed experiences of patients, is less applied nowadays among modern study methods, we must remember that such descriptions may lead to biological studies and provide evidence to improve the accuracy of choosing and applying treatment methods.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 대학기록관의 특성에 맞는 기록물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소를 제안하되, 온라인 환경에서도 활용가능한 EAC-CPF와 융합한 기술요소를 제안하고 이를 근거로 전거레코드를 구축한 실례를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 대학의 기능에 따른 조직의 구성과 특성을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 기록물 생산자별 주요 특성들을 분석하였다. 둘째, 국내표준인 국가기록원 전거레코드 지침과 국제표준인 ISAAR(CPF) 2판을 비교·분석하여 대학기록물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소들을 제안하되, 이를 다시 EAC-CPF와 매핑하여 최종 기술요소를 도출하였다. 끝으로, 제안된 기술요소를 토대로 실제 전거레코드를 구축한 사례를 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대학기록물 생산자의 맥락정보를 검색을 위한 표준화된 접근점을 제공하기 위한 구체적인 기술요소들을 제안하고 이를 데이터표준구조와 융합하여 온라인 환경에서도 생산자 맥락정보의 검색이 가능하게 했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiochemical properties of blackberry fruit beverage(BFB) and to develop a descriptive analysis procedure for evaluating the sensory characteristics of BFB. The amount of soluble solid, free sugar, pH, acidity, chromaticity, flavonoid, and anthocyanin of BFB were determined. All BFB samples demonstrated significantly different physicochemical properties(p<.01). Ten highly trained panelists identified the following eleven sensory attributes in the BFB and defined by standardized terminology for each attribute; turbidity, chromaticity for appearance characteristics, berry, grass, fermented, sweet, astringent, and sour for flavor characteristics, throat hit, refreshing, as well as astringent grade for textural characteristics. There were significant differences in all the eleven sensory attributes of the BFB samples(p<.001). Descriptive terminology used in the BFB analysis was capable of classifying the sensory attributes of the BFB. Based on these results, the analysis method and sensory evaluation techniques used in this study could be reasonably applied to other fruit beverages for establishing similar physiochemical characteristic and descriptive sensory attributes.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2013

This study was conducted to establish an effective palate cleanser when conducting descriptive analysis for gochujang products. In addition, descriptive analysis procedure for gochujang products was optimized. A generic descriptive analysis was performed on 4 types of gochujang samples varying in hot and spicy levels. The sensory attributes developed were 9 odors, 13 flavors, 4 texture and mouth feel attributes, and 4 appearance attributes. In order to select an effective palate cleanser for gochujang, 5 types of cleansers were tested (water, water+bread, water+cucumber, water+milk, water+cracker). Correct answering rate, significant numbers of product effect on sensory attributes, and the mean hot and spicy intensity values were considered to select the optimal palate cleanser. Results showed that as the hot & spicy level increased, red pepper odor and flavor significantly increased whereas umami taste intensity decreased. When comparing the efficiencies of various palate cleanser, the correct answer rates were the highest when warm water was used with either cucumber or cracker. Additionally, the attribute intensities were better differentiated between gochujang samples when cracker, white wheat bread, or cucumber were used. Overall, warm water with cucumber or cracker were shown to be the most effective cleansers.