• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.344-347
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• 2013

The S100A8 and S100A9 proteins play important roles in inflammatory diseases. The house dust mite acts as a major allergen that induces allergic diseases. We investigated the effect of the house dust mite on S100A8 and S100A9 protein expression in monocytes. We also examined the effect of CCL2, a powerful monocyte chemoattractant, on the expression of both proteins. Extract of Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (DP), recombinant Der p 1 and Der p 2, or CCL2 had no effect on S100A8 and S100A9 expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Monocytes were isolated from healthy donors and treated with DP, Der p 1, and Der p 2. S100A8 expression in monocytes increased after a 24 h stimulation with DP, Der p 1, and Der p 2, and CCL2 also increased S100A8 production. However, S100A9 expression in monocytes was not altered by DP, Der p 1, Der p 2, or CCL2. These results indicate that house dust mite and CCL2 may trigger an inflammatory response by altering S100A8 expression.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

Objectives: Galgeun-tang (GGT, gegen-tang, kakkon-to), an herbal formula, is used to treat the common cold, fevers, headaches, hangovers and neck and upper back stiffness. The drugs currently used to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited by the significant adverse effects associated with their long-term usage. The need to efficiently manage the AD response while reducing side effects has led to the development of alternative remedies. Methods: To assess the effects of GGT on AD, the anti-inflammatory and anti-AD properties of GGT were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Results: Nitric oxide (NO) and histamine production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/A23187-treated MC/9 cells, respectively, were inhibited by GGT. GGT reduced thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) release on TNF-${\alpha}$/IFN-${\gamma}$ stimulated HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. GGT reduced both plasma levels of IgE and histamine and the dermatitis score in house dust mite induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions on NC/Nga mice. However, there were no significant histopathological differences observed between the GGT group and the AD-induced group, such as AD-like lesions in the dorsal skin or ear or mast cell infiltration in the dorsal skin. Conclusions: These results indicate that GGT inhibits chemokine production by keratinocytes and the atopic dermatitis response in NC/Nga mice, suggesting that GGT may be useful as a therapeutic remedy for treating AD and allergic inflammation-related diseases.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalent allergens causing canine atopic dermatitis in Daejeon area. Twenty two dogs were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by an using intradermal skin test (IDST). Allergens used for the IDST included 33 allergen extracts from nine allergen groups: house dust mites (HDM), house dust, moulds, trees, weeds, grasses, insects/fleas, epithelia and others. The 22 purebred dogs with atopic dermatitis enrolled in this study included Shi-tzus (10/22, 45.5%), Yorkshire terriers (5/22, 22.7%), Miniature pinschers (4/22, 18.2%), Pugs (2/ 22, 9.1 %) and Cocker spaniels (1/22, 4.5%). The age of onset of atopic dermatitis ranged from 5 months to 5 years old (median: 1.79 years). The males (12/22, 54.5%) and females (10/22, 45.5%) were almost equal. The number of positive reactions to allergens recorded in each dog with atopic dermatitis was 3 (9/22, 40.9%), 2 (8/22, 36.4%), 1 (3/ 22, 13.6%) and 4 (2/22, 9.1 %), respectively. The most common positive allergen reaction was HDM (52.6%). The other positive allergen reactions recorded were from house dust (17.5%), insects/fleas (15.8%), trees (5.3%), moulds (3.5%), kapok (3.5%), silk (3.5%), epithelia (1.8%), weeds (0%) and grasses (0%), respectively. Positive reactions recorded to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were in 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. The IDST results demonstrate that the most common causative allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in Daejeon area were HDM.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2012

Objectives: Animal husbandry workers could be exposed to various work hazards including toxic gases, chemicals such as pesticides or organic dust. Immunological evaluation focusing on respiratory allergic hypersensitivity occurrence was under-taken for swine farm workers as a part of the study on immunologic status of dairy barn, swine confinement, and poultry farm workers. Materials and Methods: Peripheral bloods were collected from 25 workers at the year of 2001 and 12 workers at the year of 2012 from swine farms located at Gyeonggi province, Korea. Seven adults not involved with animal husbandry were recruited at the year of 2001 from the same residential area as the swine farm workers'. Level of plasma IgE and 20 respiratory allergen-specific IgE were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kit. Results: Plasma IgE level was approximately five-fold higher in the swine farm workers regardless of the sampling year than the control subjects. Plant allergens from outdoor environments such as golden rod, pigweed, Russian thistle, or ragweed were the major allergens with positive reaction(allergen specific IgE${\geq}$0.7 IU/mL) for the swine farm workers at 2001 year. Meanwhile, house dust mite(Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) and cockroach, typical indoor allergens in Korea, were the major respiratory allergens for the swine farm workers at 2012 year. Conclusions: Overall, even though our results are primitive, the results suggest that immunological function of swine farm workers could be modulated toward type-2 reactivity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the effects of Chinemys reevesii (CR) on allergic inflammation mechanism related chronic dermatitis. To investigate the effects of CR, we study inhibitory effect of CR on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and EoL-1, THP-1, Jutkat cell stimulated with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), and LPS induced acute inflammatory BALB/c mouse model. CR reduced the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ released from RAW 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS at 20 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of MCP-1 released from EoL-1 cell, IL-6 from THP-1 cell, and IL-4, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$ from Jutkat cell stimulated with DP at all the concentration. CR significantly reduced the levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, in LPS induced inflammatory BALB/c mouse model, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CR has suppressive effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammation related cell lines through the regulation of immune system. CR could be a therapeutic agent for treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatitis in the future.

• Annals of dermatology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.662-667
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• 2018

Background: Recently, the number of domestic pets has increased. As a consequence, sensitization to animal allergens, such as cat or dog allergens, has become a problem. Objective: We studied the annual trends of sensitization to cats or dogs, and the characteristics of the patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 7,469 patients who visited a dermatology clinic and underwent an allergic profile test, from January 2011 to December 2015. Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to cat or dog antibody greater than 3.50 IU/ml were regarded as positive results. Results: In all, 274 patients showed significant increase in levels of specific IgE antibody to dog, and 307 revealed increase in levels of of specific IgE antibody to cat. The prevalence of these specific IgEs increased from 2011 to 2015. Independent risks for sensitization to cat allergens were sensitization to dog, but not to house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and D. farinae. Independent risks for sensitization to dog allergens were sensitization to cat, but not to house dust, D. pteronyssinus, and D. farinae. Total IgE level was not related to specific IgE level against either cats or dogs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of sensitization to cat or dog has increased. Sensitization to cat or dog is related to each other, but is irrelevant to the total IgE level.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1666-1671
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• 2008

The mite-control activities of materials obtained from Pelargonium graveolens oil against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were examined using an impregnated fabric disk bioassay and were compared with those shown by commercial benzyl benzoate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Purification of the biologically active constituents from P. graveolens oil was done by silica gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the active components were analyzed by EI/MS, $^{1}H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, $^{1}H-^{13}C$ COSY-NMR, and DEPT-NMR spectra, and were identified as geraniol ($C_{10}H_{18}O$, MW 154.25, trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol) and $\beta$-citronellol ($C_{10}H_{20}O$, MW 156.27, 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-l-o1). Based on the $LD_{50}$ values, the most toxic compound was geraniol (0.26${\mu}g/cm^{2}$), followed by $\beta$-citronellol (0.28${\mu}g/cm^{2}$), benzyl benzoate (10.03${\mu}g/cm^{2}$), and DEET (37.12${\mu}g/cm^{2}$) against D. farillae. In the case of D. pteronyssinus, geraniol (0.28${\mu}g/cm^{2}$) was the most toxic, followed by $\beta$-citronellol (0.29${\mu}g/cm^{2}$), benzyl benzoate (9.58${\mu}g/cm^{2}$), and DEET (18.23${\mu}g/cm^{2}$). These results suggest that D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus may be controlled more effectively by the application of geraniol and $\beta$-citronellol than benzyl benzoate and DEET. Furthermore, geraniol and $\beta$-citronellol isolated from P. graveolens could be useful for managing populations of D. farinae and D. pterollyssinus.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 집먼지 진드기 추출물은 호중구에 단독으로 작용하는 것보다, 림프구와 호중구의 공동배양에서 호중구의 세포고사를 더 억제시켰다. 집먼지 진드기는 알레르기 질환의 림프구에서 IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, GM-CSF의 분비를 증가시켰다. 집먼지 진드기에 의해 증가된 사이토카인은 protein kinase C ${\delta}$의 억제제인 rottlerin과 p38 MAPK의 억제제인 SB202190에 의해서 감소하였다. 집먼지 진드기에 의해 활성화된 p38 MAPK은 protease-activated receptor (PAR2)의 억제제, rottlerin, SB202190에 의해서 억제되었다. Serine protease 억제제인 aprotinin과 cysteine protease 억제제인 E64은 림프구의 사이토카인의 증가와 관련이 없었다. 또한 집먼지 진드기에 의해 증가된 사이토카인의 변화는 천식과 알레르기 비염 환자에서 차이가 없었다. 림프구에서 집먼지진드기에 의해서 분비되는 분자들은 호중구의 유주운동을 억제시켰다. 본 연구를 통하여 집먼지진드기에 의해 유발되는 알레르기 질환의 병인기전을 규명하는데 유용한 결과가 될 것이다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-114
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in lower airway inflammatory immune responses, including cellular responses and responses in terms of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airway, to rhinovirus (RV) infection on asthma exacerbation by comparing a control and a murine asthma model, with or without RV infection. Methods: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with a crude extract of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df ) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and were subsequently intranasally treated with a crude extract of Df or PBS. Airway responsiveness and cell infiltration, differential cell counts in BALF, and cytokine and chemokine concentrations in BALF were measured 24 hours after intranasal RV1B infection. Results: RV infection increased the enhanced pause (Penh) in both the Df sensitized and challenged mice (Df mice) and PBS-treated mice (PBS mice) (P<0.05). Airway eosinophil infiltration increased in Df mice after RV infection (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin (IL) 13, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES) increased in response to RV infection in Df mice, but not in PBS mice (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 significantly decreased following RV infection in Df mice (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the augmented induction of proinflammatory cytokines, Th2 cytokines, and chemokines that mediate an eosinophil response and the decreased induction of regulatory cytokines after RV infection may be important manifestations leading to airway inflammation with eosinophil infiltration and changes in airway responsiveness in the asthma model.