• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to probe the effect of foot reflexology education program on nursing students with constipation, anxiety and depression. This study was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test and posttest design on non-equivalent control group. Method: The data of this study were collected from October 28, to December 14, 2002. The subjects consisted of 61 nursing students (experimental group: 31, control group: 30) with constipation, anxiety and depression. 31 out of them were devided into the experimental group and received foot reflexology education program that was authorized by the World Foot Reflexology Association and made to suit for the subjects by the author for 6weeks composed of 2 weeks theory and of 4 weeks practical skill on the program. The effect of the program was measured by Bowel Function Assessment Form for constipation, State Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed by t-test, $x^2$-test, Repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparison using SAS/PC 8.12 program. Result: After all session of treatment, the score of bowel function assessment were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Outcomes of 6 and 7 weeks were significantly different from those of pre-experiment. After all session of treatment, anxiety states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Outcomes of 7 weeks were significantly different from those of pre-experiment. After all session of treatment, depression states were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Outcomes of 6 and 7 weeks were significantly different from those of pre- experiment. Conclusion: The results are suggested that the foot reflexology education program might improve the bowel function, anxiety and depression for the nursing students with constipation, anxiety and depression.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of scrambler and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. The experimental group performed scrambler therapy. The control group performed electrical nerve stimulation therapy. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week, for three weeks. The pain was measured using the numeric rating scale. Functional disability was measured using the Roland-Morris disability questionnaire. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of comparison between the groups, the experimental and control groups showed significant difference for pain, functional disability and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which scrambler therapy was applied, showed a more significant reduction in pain, functional disability and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, scrambler therapy shows positive effects on pain, functional disability, and depression in patients with chronic low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

Background & Objectives: This study aims to investigate the health status of family caregivers with dementia patients and identify the factors related to their anxiety and depression. Methods: Data from 2015 Community Health Survey(n=2,426) was used. A chi-square test was performed to investigate the health status of family caregivers, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with anxiety and depression. Results: Odds ratio(OR) of anxiety and depression was 1.29 times higher in female, 2.49 times higher in over 70 years versus under 39 years. ORs were lower 34.0%, 26.0%, 26.0% in the working group, the physical activity group, the alcohol drinking group respectively. ORs of anxiety and depression were 4.54 times, 1.57 times higher in the stress group, the chronic disease group respectively. And ORs were 61.0%, 28.0% lower respectively when social networks and social activities was present. Conclusions: The rate of experiencing anxiety and depression was high in family caregivers with dementia patients. It is necessary to provide diverse programs to reduce the burden of family support, anxiety and depression of family caregivers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-135
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of group narrative therapy on aggression, depression, and resilience in adolescents with conduct disorder tendency. Methods: Group narrative therapy was conducted from March 7, 2011 to May 3, 2011. The participants were 66 adolescents with conduct disorder tendency living in D city. The participants were divided into two groups, the experimental group (n=32) and the control group (n=34). The experimental group received a 8-session group narrative therapy intervention. Using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program, data were analyzed by Qui-square test, t-test and ANCOVA. Results: After attending the group narrative therapy, significant differences were found in terms of aggression, depression, and resilience scores between the experimental group and the control group (F=2.77, p=.006; F=2.22, p=.027; F=2.67, p=.008). Conclusion: Group narrative therapy increased resilience and decreased depression and aggression in the experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that group narrative therapy programs are an effective nursing intervention for school adaptation in adolescents with conduct disorder tendency.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect depression among elderly people with, and without, dementia. Method: The participants were 903 people who were 65 or older and resided in Sungnam City. Data were collected from April to July 2002 using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression aided by SPSS/PC. Result: The variables at the final step of the regression equation accounted for 28.2% of variance in the dementia group, 21.4% in the group with suspicious dementia, and 18.9% in the normal group. The multiple regression analysis revealed that ADL and instrumental support were related significantly to depression in the dementia group. Self-rated health, IADL, social activity support, and instrumental support were significantly related to depression in the group with suspicious dementia. In the normal group, education, self-rated health, and living arrangement with family were significantly related to depression. Conclusion: Social support and health condition are important to decrease depression in elderly people with dementia.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.938-950
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• 2003

We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship of depression and dietary related factors with the hyperlipidemia for urban living elderly women from low income group. The case group consisted of 45 elderly females with hyperlipidemia (serum cholesterol $\geq$ 240mg/dl or serum TG $\geq$ 250mg/dl and the control group of 95 age matched elderly women with serum cholesterol levels less than 240mg/dl and serum TG less than 250mg/dl. In a univariate analysis, vitamin C intake, the number of family members living with the subject, and their depression scores were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemic group than in the control group. In the logistic regression analysis, the vitamin C intake ($\geq$75% Korean RDA), the number of family members living with the subject ($\geq$ 1), depression scores ($\geq$7), BMI ($\geq$27), and subscapular skinfold thickness ($\geq$18mm) were associated with significantly higher (p<0.05) risks of hyperlipidemia in the elderly women. However after adjustment for other covariables, the depression scores (Odds Ratio 2.48 for depression score$\geq$7;95%CI:1.10-5.60) and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (Odds Ratio 5.69 for SBT$\geq$18mm, 95%CI:1.87-17.32) were the significant risk factors associated with hyperlipidemia in the elderly women.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.191-214
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• 2005

This study aimed to examine the effect of Cyber Group Counseling on the depression of internet addiction children in elementary school. In this study, the following questions were posed: How effective is the Cyber Group Counseling on the depression of internet addiction children? In this study, subjects were 24 students who got 14 points over in KAIS and got 11 points over in CDI among 245 of 5th, 6th grade students in Daegu and Chongdo Kyungbuk who did Internet addiction scale for Korean Adolescent(KAIS) and Children's Depression Inventory(CDI). They were divided into experimental group and comparative group. Subjects in experimental group practiced Cyber Group Counseling for 12 sessions(60 minutes per session) for 6 weeks. But the control group had no treatment during the period. During the experiment, 2 of each groups were left out. The counseling schedule and hor· to join the Cyber Group Counseling clinic were notified by e-mail. The Cyber Group Counseling was on every Monday and Thursday. The Cyber Group Counseling progressed by internet chatting, bulletin board, e-mail and a slip paper counsel. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+ (statistical package for the social science/personal computer) program and t -test. The findings of this study were as follows: First, the depression of internet addiction children who joined in Cyber Group Counseling was significantly reduced than the others. So, Cyber Group Counseling was proved one of the useful psychotherapy approach. Second, the subordinate of depression including behavioral disturbance and anhedonia was significantly reduced. Third, the subordinate of depression including the dysphoric mood, the self-deprecation and physiological symptoms was reduced. But it was not statistically significant.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stretching exercise on depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Methods: The study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design. The patients with SLE who signed the consent form were conveniently assigned into two groups(11 experimental subjects and 10 control subjects). The subjects in the experimental group were participated in 6 weeks stretching exercise program for one and a half hours per session twice a week. The data were analyzed by using a SAS-pc+ 8.01 program. Results: 'The experimental group would have less depression scores than the control group' was supported (Z=2.2, p=.025). 'The experimental group would have less pain scores than the control group' was supported (Z=3.4, p=.001). 'The experimental group would have less fatigue scores than the control group' was supported (Z=-2.0, p=.041). With this study, we identified the stretching exercise program was effective on depression, pain, and fatigue of SLE patients. Conclusions: From above results, 6 weeks stretching exercise program could be an effective nursing intervention to reduce depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with SLE.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and measure the effect of a movie-based-nursing intervention program designed to enhance motivation for rehabilitation and reduce depression levels in stroke patients. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design. The 60 research subjects were assigned to the experimental (n=30) or control group (n=30). The movie-based nursing intervention program was provided for the experimental group during 60-minute sessions held once per week for 10 weeks. The program consisted of patient education to strengthen motivation for rehabilitation and reduce depression, watching movies to identify role models, and group discussion to facilitate therapeutic interaction. Results: After 10 weeks of participation in the movie-based nursing intervention program, the experimental group's rehabilitation motivation score was significantly higher, F=1161.54 (within groups df=49, between groups df=1), p<.001, relative to that observed in the control group. In addition, the experimental group's depression score was significantly lower relative to that observed in the control group, F=258.97 (within groups df=49, between groups df=1), p<.001. Conclusion: The movie-based nursing intervention program could be used for stroke patients experiencing psychological difficulties including reduced motivation for rehabilitation and increased depression during the rehabilitation process.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.113-128
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• 2006

This study was to verify the effectiveness of the Life Review-Narrative group therapy program on decreasing depression and death anxiety in the elderly. The program was organized according to a course of life from childhood to old age. The objectives were for the elderly to enhance self-worth, to become aware of their solitary existence, to accept aging and death, to accept the life: both past and present, and to make the most of experiences in overcoming difficulties. For the most part, the program used reminiscence and re-authoring of the narrative therapy as counseling techniques. Thirty-two elderly people(16 in the experimental group, 16 in the control group) aged 60 years and over were randomly selected from patients at the Daegu Metropolitan City General Welfare Center. Two groups were identified as equivalents for the study in the pre-test. The program for the experimental group was implemented twice a week for 90 minutes per session over a 6-week period(Sep. 8-Oct.14. 2005). The pre-test(Sep. 8 2005), the post-test(Oct. 14. 2005) and the follow-up test(Nov. 14. 2005) were implemented in order to verify the effectiveness of the programs. The instruments used in the study were the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form(Korean Version) and the Death Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed using t-testing and One-Factor Repeated Measures ANOVA. This study supplemented other qualitative research methods in order to verify the variation in the depression and death anxiety in the elderly. The findings of the study were as follows: Significant decrease in the depression and death anxiety were reported in the experimental group. The control group however did not show any significant changes in the depression and death anxiety rates. The result of the post hoc multiple comparisons showed that the effects of the life review-narrative group therapy program has lasted effects on decreasing of the death anxiety. Nevertheless, the effects of the life review-narrative group therapy program on decreasing depression are not lasting. The study has limitations so further research is suggested.