• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.spc
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• pp.55-68
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• 2004

Recently, rates of depression and suicide of adolescents in industrialized countries, including Korea, were rapidly increasing. Adolescent depression was often associated with anxiety disorder, eating disorder, attention deficits hyperactivity/disruptive behavior disorder. and suicidal attempts. Epidemiological data about depression and suicide of adolescents are reviewed. Psychological theories of depression and suicide are integrated in terms of a control theory interpretation. Issues about 'relationships between depression and anxiety' 'relationships between depression and suicide' 'the reason why rates of depression and suicide are rapidly increasing at adolescence' 'the reason why the different prevalence of depression between female and male is conspicuous at adolescence' and 'Korean culture associated with depression and suicide of adolescents' are discussed in terms of the revised control theory interpretation.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.195-207
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• 1996

In other to study functional capacity of the daily living activity and depression in the rural 394 people(154 men and 250 women), over 65 year old, who are living in Koryung County of Kyungpook Province were interviewed using questionnaire during the period February 14 to March 30 1996. The percentage of ADL dependent patient who cannot perform one item or more was 20.1% in men and 22.5% in women. The percentage of IADL dependent people who cannot perform one item or more was 72.1% in men and 56.2% in women. The prevalence of depression in female(68.8%) was higher than that in male(59.1%). There was statistically significant association between ADL score and other variables(sex, age religion, living with spouse, family resident, living expenses, self-rated health status, leisure, satisfactory of pocket money, drinking)(p<0.05). There was statistically significant association between IADL and other variables(age, education, living with spouse, family resident, living expenses, satisfactory of pocket money, smoking, self-rated health status)(p<0.05). The prevalence of depression in dependent elderly was significantly related with ADL in both genders(p<0.05), however, not related with IADL. In conclusion, the functional capacity dependency and the prevalence of depression in the rural elderly was high and depression was significantly related with ADL score.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2008

Background: Due to the irreversible nature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the treatment aim in patients with COPD is not to cure but to reduce the symptoms, increase lung function, and improve the quality of life. It has been suggested that depression is a common emotional disturbance in patients with COPD who are faced with a major physical impairment and embarrassing symptoms. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A total of 59 patients with a registered diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected. Depression was assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The quality of life was assessed using the Korean version of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of depression was 17.0%. In the correlation model, the interaction of the $FEV_1%$ over predicted value and SGRQ score(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) was statistically significant. The interaction of the $FEV_1%$ over predicted value and depression scale(CES-D) was also statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the SGRQ scores(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) and the depression scale. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is relatively high. The pulmonary function and the living standards were found to be significant risk factors for depression.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the relations among job-stress, self-efficacy, and depression of nurses. Methods: The data were collected from a random sample of 213 nurses working in two general hospitals of a local area. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess the level of job-stress, self-efficacy, and depression. Results: The mean score of job-stress was 49.1 and the score of job demand was the highest. The mean score of self-efficacy was 3.4, and depression was 18.2. The prevalence of depression was very high. The job-stress and depression were negatively correlated with self-efficacy. Hierarchial multiple regression showed that the self-efficacy and the high job demand, lack of reward, and organizational injustice of job-stress explained 53% of the variance for the nurses' depression. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the self-efficacy and job stress, especially job demand, organizational injustice, and lack of reward contributed to the depression. In order to prevent and decrease the depression, the developing programs to improve self-efficacy are needed.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.265-274
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• 2008

Depression is common in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD) and has a negative effect on the quality of life, functional ability, and mortality of the patients, with a prevalence rate as high as 20-25%. Especially, the increasing tendency of mortality in ESRD patients is associated with recent or current depression, and the suicide rate is also increased by depression in patients with ESRD. Therefore, accurate detection and appropriate treatment of depression is very important in ESRD patients. Also, a deferential diagnosis is needed concerning uremic symptoms and depression in ESRD patients. However, there has been little data so far particularly in terms of randomized clinical trials. This review focused on the recent knowledge of depression in ESRD, and could encourage clinical study and trials in this field.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to research the frequency of depression symptom in patients with voice disorders and to investigate parameters associated with depression from voice evaluation. A hundred ninety six patients(106 males and 90 females) who had been diagnosed with voice disorders first in their lifetime were selected. All the patients were examined by laryngeal stroboscopy. For depression and voice study, personal interview, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis, voice handicap index(VHI), reflux symptom index(RSI), and beck depression index(BDI) were done respectively. Mild to severe BDI were seen in 26.2%(52 patients) of the whole patients. A BDI mean score of female patients was $8.8{\pm}7.5$ which was higher than that of male patients($5.6{\pm}6.6$), the difference observed being statistically significant(p<0.001). In the acoustic analysis, the score of sent_duration parameter was increasing in the patients with depression, which was significantly higher than the score of the patients without depression(p<0.05). In the addition, the scores of VHI and RSI were higher in the patients with depression(p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression in patients with voice disorders is related to female, speaking velocity, and self-questionnaire. This result can be used for psychologically based approach to therapy.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2015

Mood disorder is a common psychiatric illness with a high lifetime prevalence in the general population. A serious problem such as suicide is commonly occurring in the patients with depression. Till now, the monoamine hypothesis has been the most popular theory of pathogenesis for depression. However, the more specific pathophysiology of depression and cellular molecular mechanism underlying action of commercial antidepressants have not been clearly defined. Several recent studies demonstrated that glial cells, especially astrocytes, are a promising answer to the pathophysiology of depression. In this article, current understanding of biology and molecular mechanisms of glial cells in the pathology of mood disorder and new research on the pathophysiology of depression will be discussed.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.136-152
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence of fatigue. and factors influencing fatigue in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects were 124 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Most of all patients felt fatigue and mean score measured by Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue was relatirely high. Fatigue was positively correlated with pain intensity, the number of pain sites, functional disability, depression. and sleep quality. A hierachical regression model was used to determine the variance which accounts for fatigue. Pain intensity, depression. sleep quality accounted for fatigue significantly. This finding indicates that pain influences fatigue through depression and sleep quality ; depression through sleep quality. The causative factors could be identified by further study of structural eqation model.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2016

Depression has a relatively high lifetime prevalence rate in spite of a genetic influence on its etiology and a high mortality rate in untreated cases. This suggests the possibility that depression gives us evolutionary benefits which we do not exactly know yet. There have been several hypotheses which tell us what evolutionary advantages depression could give us. The psychic pain hypothesis considers sad or depressed mood as a negative reward just like physical pain which we have to avoid for our protection and survival. The social rank hypothesis holds that depressed mood is very similar to the emotional state of the defeated in social competition which prevents him from further protesting or fighting that might cause additional damage to him. The inclusive fitness hypothesis views suicide as a sacrifice phenomenon to contribute to inclusive fitness. These hypotheses gives us new insights into mood disorders and also some suggestions about the conditions in which depressed mood or suicidal behaviors increase and the ways to reduce them.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to compare social support and depression by gender, to investigate related factors, and to inquire effect of social support on depression by gender. Methods: This study analyzed raw data from a project funded by Jeju Province. The data were collected through home visit interview from 750 households which were selected by using randomized cluster sampling method. CES-D and MOS SSS were used for measuring depression and social support. Data obtained from 896 adults were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$ test and hierarchical regression. Results: There was no significant difference of depression prevalence, presenting 15.2% for men and 14.5% for women. The related factors were marital status, educational level, and socioeconomic status for men and only socioeconomic status for women. The result of hierarchical regression presented that social support was significant on depression, showing increase of $R^2$ from .151 to .328 when adding social support to other variables for men, increase of $R^2$ from .058 to .192 for women. Conclusion: The social support was an influential factor on depression both men and women, the development of strategies considering risk population by gender for enhancing social support to prevent and to manage depression was suggested.