• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This study was performed to evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) between three dual-cured resin cements and silica coated zirconia, before and after thermocycling treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty specimens were cut in $15{\times}2.75mm$ discs using zirconia. After air blasting of $50{\mu}m$ alumina, samples were prepared by tribochemical silica coating with $Rocatec^{TM}$ plus. The specimens were divided into three groups according to the dual-cure resin cement used: (1) Calibra silane+$Calibra^{(R)}$, (2) Monobond S+$Multilink^{(R)}$ N and (3) ESPN sil+$RelyX^{TM}$ Unicem Clicker. After the resin cement was bonded to the zirconia using a Teflon mold, photopolymerization was carried out. Only 10 specimens in each group were thermocycled 6,000 times. Depending on thermocycling treatment, each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) and SBS was measured by applying force at the speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine. To find out the differences in SBS according to the types of cements and thermocycling using the SPSS, two-way ANOVA was conducted and post-hoc analysis was performed by Turkey's test. RESULTS. In non-thermal aged groups, SBS of Multilink group (M1) was higher than that of Calibra (C1) and Unicem (U1) group (P<.05). Moreover, even after thermocycling treatment, SBS of Multilink group (M2) was higher than the other groups (C2 and U2). All three cements showed lower SBS after the thermocycling than before the treatments. But Multilink and Unicem had a significant difference (P<.05). CONCLUSION. In this experiment, Multilink showed the highest SBS before and after thermocycling. Also, bond strengths of all three cements decreased after thermocycling.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.433-442
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of acidity of resin cement(Time Line), glass ionomer cement(GC Fugi Lining LC), zinc phosphate cement(Fleck's zinc cement). zinc oxide eugenol cement(Sultan,Chemists.) in vivo and in vitro. Class I cavities with 3mm depth were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of 20 recently extracted human Mn. molar teeth and 20 human Mn. 3rd molar teeth in oral cavity. The prepared cavities were divided into 4 groups of each 5 teeth using the above 4 cavity liners. Each cement was mixed in accordance with manufacturer's direction at the room temperature of $23^{\circ}{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and filled into the cavity in a width of 1 mm. The microelectrode of pH meter was inserted into the prepared cavity which was filled with mixed cement, and the acidity of cement was measured for 3 days from the beginning of cement mix in vitro and in vivo. The measured acidity was then statistically analyzed by ANOVA. The results were as follows. 1. In vitro, the pH of zinc oxide eugenol cement was statistically lower than that of the three other groups at 2min, 4min, 6min, 8min, 10min, 12min, 18min, 20min. (p<0.05). 2. The pH of zinc oxide eugenol cement in vivo was statistically higher than that in vitro at 16min,16min, 20min(p<0.05). 3. The pH of zinc phosphate cement in vivo was statistically higher than that in vitro at 4min, 20min(p<0.05). 4. In vitro and in vivo, there was no significant difference in the pH between the resin cement and the glass ionomer cement(p>0.05). 5. The initial acidity was not high, but almost neutral in all kinds of the cements.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of three different universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal [SBU], All-Bond Universal [ABU], and Prime&Bond universal [PBU]) on the bonding durability of an adhesive (Panavia F 2.0, PF) and a conventional (Duo-Link, DL) resin cements to air-abraded zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Rectangular-shaped zirconia specimens were prepared. The chemical composition and surface energy parameters of the materials were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurement, respectively. To evaluate resin bonding to the zirconia, all the bonding specimens were immersed in water for 24 h and the specimens to be aged were additionally thermocycled 10000 times before the shear bond strength (SBS) test. RESULTS. The materials showed different surface energy parameters, including the degree of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. While the DL/CON (no pretreatment) showed the lowest SBS and a significant decrease in the value after thermocycling (P < .001), the PF/CON obtained a higher SBS value than the DL/CON (P < .001) and no decrease even after thermocycling (P = .839). When the universal adhesives were used with DL, their SBS values were higher than the CON (P < .05), but the trend was adhesive-specific. In conjunction with PF, the PF/SBU produced the highest SBS followed by the PF/ABU (P = .002), showing no significant decrease after thermocycling (P > .05). The initial SBS of the PF/PBU was similar to the PF/CON (P = .999), but the value decreased after thermocycling (P < .001). CONCLUSION. The universal adhesive pretreatment did not necessarily show a synergistic effect on the bonding performance of an adhesive resin cement, whereas the pretreatment was beneficial to bond strength and durability of a conventional resin cement.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2015

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the shear bond strength between orthodontic metal brackets and glazed zirconia using different types of primer before applying resin cement and to determine which primer was more effective. Methods: Zirconia blocks were milled and embedded in acrylic resin and randomly assigned to one of four groups: nonglazed zirconia with sandblasting and zirconia primer (NZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and zirconia primer (GZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and porcelain primer (GP); and glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, zirconia primer, and porcelain primer (GZP). A stainless steel metal bracket was bonded to each target surface with resin cement, and all specimens underwent thermal cycling. The shear bond strength of the specimens was measured by a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional optical surface-profiler, and stereoscopic microscope were used to image the zirconia surfaces. The data were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance and the Fisher exact test. Results: Group GZ showed significantly lower shear bond strength than did the other groups. No statistically significant differences were found among groups NZ, GP, and GZP. All specimens in group GZ showed adhesive failure between the zirconia and resin cement. In groups NZ and GP, bonding failed at the interface between the resin cement and bracket base or showed complex adhesive and cohesive failure. Conclusions: Porcelain primer is the more appropriate choice for bonding a metal bracket to the surface of a full-contour glazed zirconia crown with resin cement.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.234-248
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture and shear bonding strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cements with composite resin and conventional glass ionomer cement Three kinds of restorative materials including a composite resin (Z 100), a conventional glass ionomer cement(Fuji II), and resin- modified glass ionomer cements(Fuji II LC, Vitremer, Dyract and Compoglass) were investigated in this study. For measurement of fracture and shear bonding strength, disk samples of the materials were prepared and cylindrical samples of the materials were bonded the flat enamel and dentin surfaces according to manufactuer's instructions. All specimen were determinated by using an Instron testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Then, each treated enamel and dentin surface was observed by SEM. The following results were obtained. 1. The bi-axial flexural strength of Z 100 was highest, and Fuji n LC, Vitremer, Dyract and Compoglass were significantly higher than Fuji n (P<0.05). 2. The shear bonding strength of Z 100 on the enamel and dentin surface was higher than other experimental groups except Fuji II LC(P<0.05). Fuji II LC was significantly higher than Fuji II (P<0.05), but in the case of Vitremer, Dyract and Compoglass were similar to Fuji II (P>0.05). 3. The shear bonding strength of Z 100 and Fuji II LC on the enamel surface were highly increased as compared with dentin surface (P<0.05), but in the case of Fuji II, Vitremer, Dyract and Compoglass were not different between enamel and dentin(P>0.05). 4. In the Z 100 and Fuji II LC, obvious etched enamel surface and exposed dentinal tubules according to remove of smear layer and smear plug were observed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of three antioxidizing agents on pullout bond strengths of dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: Root canals of 75 single-rooted human teeth were prepared. Fifteen teeth were irrigated with normal saline for a negative control group, and the remaining 60 teeth (groups 2 - 5) with 2.5% NaOCl. The teeth in group 2 served as a positive control. Prior to post cementation, the root canals in groups 3 - 5 were irrigated with three antioxidizing agents including 10% rosmarinic acid (RA, Baridge essence), 10% hesperidin (HPN, Sigma), and 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel (SA, AppliChem). Seventy-five spreaders (#55, taper .02, Produits Dentaires S.A) were coated with silica and silanized with the Rocatec system and ceramic bond. All the prepared spreaders were cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement (Bifix SE, Voco Gmbh) in the prepared canals. After storage in distilled water (24 h/$37^{\circ}C$), the spreaders were pulled out in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Pull-out strength values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: There were significant differences between study groups (p = 0.016). The highest pullout strength was related to the SA group. The lowest strength was obtained in the positive control group. Conclusions: Irrigation with NaOCl during canal preparation decreased bond strength of resin cement to root dentin. Amongst the antioxidants tested, SA had superior results in reversing the diminishing effect of NaOCl irrigation on the bond strength to root dentin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.31.1-31.9
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of the self-adhesive resin cements RelyX U200 (3M ESPE) and seT PP (SDI Limited) on murine macrophages and the interference of the photoactivation. Materials and Methods: Cell viability assays, cell adherence, yeast phagocytosis of Saccharomyces boulardii and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed in the presence of capillaries containing the respective self-adhesive cement when photoactivated or not. Results: After long periods of contact, both types of cements, when not photoactivated, are more cytotoxic for macrophages. The seT PP cement when only chemically activated seems to interfere more negatively in the process of phagocytosis of yeasts S. boulardii. Both types of cements interfere in the cell adhesion process, independent of photoactivation. None of the types of cements tested was able to induce the production of ROS. Conclusions: Our results highlight the great importance of the photoactivation of self-adhesive resin cements in the dental clinic, since RelyX U200, when photoactivated, presented the best results within the evaluated parameters.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2008

본 연구는 레진시멘트의 레진인레이에 대한 접착 시 접착제 혹은 primer의 사용이 결합력에 영향을 미치는지 평가하기 위해 시행하였다. 직경 5mm,높이 4.5mm의 원기둥 형태로 제작한 레진인레이 (Tescera, Bisco, USA)의 표면을 1000번, 1500번 그리고 2000번 사포로 주수 하에서 연마하여 평편한 면을 형성한 후 레진인레이의 표면에 sandblasting을 시행한 후 표면에 1분 동안 silane을 도포하였다. 2군으로 나누어 한 군은 대조군으로, 다른 한 군은 표면에 동일한 제조사의 접착제나 프라이머를 도포한 후 중합하였다. 레진인레이 상에 3mm 직경의 구멍이 형성된 아크릴판을 고정하고, 구멍에 레진 시멘트를 주입하여 경화시켰다. 레진 시멘트는 Panavia-F (Kurary), Varolink-II(Ivoclar-Vivadent), RelyX Unicem(3M ESPE), Duolink(Bisco)와 자가중합형인 Multilink (Ivoclar-Vivadent)를 사용하였다. 제작된 시편을 만능물성시험기에 위치시고 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 측정 결과 접착제나 프라이머를 도포한 군은 대조군에 비해 전단결합강도가 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 하지만 Variolink-II와 Panavia-F는 전단결합강도의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대조군에서는 각 레진 시멘트간에 전단결합강도의 유의한 차이를 보였으며 (p<0.01) Variolink-II가 가장 높은 결합강도를 보인 반면, 자가중합형인 Multilink가 가장 낮은 결합강도를 보였다. 하지만, 접착제나 프라이머를 도포한 군에서는 각 제품간에 전단결합강토의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과 이원중합형이나 자가중합형 레진시멘을 이용하여 레진인레이 부착 시 silane 처리 후 접착제나 프라이머의 도포가 결합 강도의 증가를 위해 필요하리라 사료된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2012

The demand for tooth-colored restorations has grown considerably during the last decade. Posterior composite restorations have risen in popularity as a result of the development of improved resin composites, bonding systems and operating techniques. A major limitation of direct composite restoration is the difficulty of controlling the polymerization shrinkage. To overcome this limitation, the indirect fabrication of a composite restoration and cementation with resin cement has been advocated. Unfortunately, the current available resin cements with indirect restorations do not always bond to dentin as strongly as dentin adhesive systems bond with direct resin composite restorations. Several procedural strategies have been proposed for indirect composite restoration. In this regard, the rationale for the indication, characteristics and clinical application is described in this paper. As a result, we will try to suggest the evidence-based guidelines for indirect composite restorations by reviewing each available indirect composite products, technical procedure and pronosis.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.26-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to confirm the formation of hybrid layer and resin tags in dentin tissue and the possibility of bonding between luting cements used for the prosthesis and the resinous surface coated with resin bonding agents to prevent the dentin hypersensitivity after abutment preparation. Some resin bonding agents, which may have the possibility of bonding with polyacrylic acid as a liquid ingredient of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements, were selected. All-Blond desensitizer containing NTG-GMA and BPDM, Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA, and XR-bond containing organophosphate were selected as a coating agent. Dental cements were zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer cement. After the exposed dentin surface of premolars was ethced with 10% phosphoric acid and coated with resin bonding agents, the morphology of treated surfaces and the resin tags and hybrid layers on sectioned surfaces were observed by SEM. Shear bond strength between the resin bonding agents and 3 kinds of cements was measured 24 hours after bonding. On the debonded surfaces of the shear bond strength tested specimens, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resin materials and cements were examined by SEM. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. Coating of dentin with resin bonding agents had no effect on the shear bond strength of zinc phosphate cement. 2. Both of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements showed the increased shear bond strength by the dentinal coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA. However, in the case of dentinal coating with some agents containing NTG-GMA and BPDM or organophosphate, polycarboxylate cement exhibited the lowered shear bond strength, and glass ionomer cement showed the unchanged shear bond strength. 3. Complete obstructions of dentinal tubules were observed on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer or XR-bond, but distinct shape of the orifices of dentinal tubules was observed consistently on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 4. The hybrid layer was thickest on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer, and the length of resin tags was longest on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 3. On the debonded specimens which had been bonded with polycarboxylate cement or glass ionomer cement after coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resinous surface and the cements could be examined.