• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the caries resistant effect of fluoride by dental polishing prior to fluoride application in vitro. Methods : Artificial caries lesion was made on the surface of specimen enamel taken from cow's permanent cuspid on the part of labial surface after resin embedding and polishing. Artificial dental plaque was formed on the 72 dental specimen 25~45 VHN(Vickers Hardness Number) which were divided into three groups(fluoride varnish, APF gel, control) with dental polishing and without polishing respectively. Fluoride varnish and APF gel group with 20 second polishing or without polishing were immersed in the artificial saliva respectively. Control group with or without polishing were immersed in the artificial saliva. Results : 1. Significant difference was not found by fluoride varnish between polishing group and non polishing group (p>0.01). 1) polishing group. The changes of Vickers Hardness Number(VHN) were $14.49{\pm}13.73$. 2) non-polishing group. The changes of VHN were $11.67{\pm}5.39$. 2. Significant difference was not found by APF gel between polishing group and non polishing group (p>0.01). 1) polishing group. The changes of VHN were $8.48{\pm}8.37$. 2) non-polishing group. The changes of VHN were $5.32{\pm}2.59$. Conclusions : Showed no significant difference between polishing group and non-polishing group regardless of fluoride materials (fluoride varnish, APF gel).

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate to effect of the electro-polishing condition according to electrolyte temperature and current and polishing time on surface morphology and composition by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS) in dental casting Co-Cr-Mo alloys. Methods: 16 specimens were divided into 4 groups which have each 4 specimens. The size of specimens were 10mm wide and 5mm height. the electro-polishing of specimens are by polishing solution temperature and times in Co-Cr-Mo alloy by SEM and EDS analysis. Results: The results shows that most smooth surface is obtained when electro-polishing is performed at $49^{\circ}C$ for 30-40sec with electro gap of 10mm and 8 voltage. Conclusion: The morphologies of specimens after electro-polishing were scratch absent and significant between at $40^{\circ}C$ for 45sec and at $49^{\circ}C$ for 45sec.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.274-279
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• 2016

목적: 치과 기공용 연마기 휠을 소독하기 위한 클로르헥시딘의 농도에 따른 캔디다균의 감염방지효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 동일한 모형에서 제작된 상악 총의치를 캔디다균에 감염시키고, 서로 다른 농도의 클로르헥시딘 용액에 1시간 보관한 연마 휠과 멸균된 퍼미스와 증류수를 이용하여, 치과기공용 연마기로 연마하였다. 이후 멸균된 상악 총의치를 연이어 연마한 뒤 연마한 부위를 면봉으로 채취하여, 재배양후 칸디다균의 여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 클로르 헥시딘을 적용한 연마휠은 농도에 관계 없이 감염의 전파가 일어나지 않았으나, 증류수만을 사용한 연마휠에서는 감염의 전파가 나타났다. 결론: 의치 연마기 휠의 감염방지를 위해 클로르헥시딘 용액은 효과적이다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2014

목적: 치과용 연마기를 통한 캔디다균의 2차 감염성 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 동일한 모형에서 제작된 상악 총의치를 캔디다균에 감염시키고, 멸균된 퍼미스와 휠 증류수를 이용하여, 치과기공용 연마기로 연마하였다. 이후 멸균된 상악 총의치를 연이어 연마한 뒤연마한 부위를 면봉으로 채취하여, 캔디다균을 배양하였다. 연마한 휠은 3일동안 상온에 노출시켜 24시간 간격으로 캔디다균의 잔존여부를 측정하였다. 결과: 연마한 멸균 총의치에서 다수의 캔디다균이 발견되었으며, 연마한 휠에서는 2일까지 캔디다균이 검출되었다. 결론: 의치 연마를 위한 치과기공용 연마기를 사용시 캔디다균의 감염가능성이 있기 때문에 감염방지책이 필요하다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the surface characteristics of a full veneer crown fabricated chairside (CS) from a (Y, Nb)-TZP zirconia block in response to conventional zirconia grinding and polishing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia crowns (n = 40) were first prepared and divided into two groups of materials: Labside (LS) and CS, after which each specimen went through a five-step grinding and polishing procedure. Following each surface treatment, surface characteristics were analyzed using confocal laser microscopy (CLSM), average surface roughness (Ra) values were processed from the profile data through Gaussian filtering, and X-ray diffraction pattern analysis was performed to evaluate the monoclinic (M) phase content. Then, a representative specimen was selected for field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), followed by a final analysis of the roughness and X-ray diffraction of the specimens using the independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). RESULTS. In every group, polishing significantly reduced the Ra values (P < .001). There was no significant difference in Ra between the polished state CS and LS. Furthermore, CLSM and FE-SEM investigations revealed that even though grain exposure was visible in CS specimens throughout the as-delivered and ground states, the exposure was reduced after polishing. Moreover, while no phase transformation was visible in the LS, phase transformation was visible in CS after every surface treatment, with the M phase content of the CS group showing a significant reduction after polishing (P < .001). CONCLUSION. Within the limits of this study, clinically acceptable level of surface finishing of (Y, Nb)-TZP can be achieved after conventional zirconia polishing sequence.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the applicability of gloss polishing using automatic barrel finishing with respect to three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin specimens. The surface roughness and grinding angle of the 3D-printed resin specimens were observed with respect to gloss polishing time using automatic dental barrel finishing. Methods: Herein, experiments were conducted on four types of 3D-printed resin specimens. The specimens, with a thickness of 100 ㎛ each, were printed using a 3D printer. Subsequently, light polymerization was performed on these specimens for 15 min. Post this surface treatment, the specimens underwent grinding for 25 min. This process was followed by gloss polishing at 5-min intervals for up to 25 min using automatic dental barrel finishing. The specimens were photographed using a 3D optical microscope, and their surface roughness and grinding angle were measured. Results: The Ra (centerline average roughness) values of all the specimens, except for crown & bridge 10 group and those in the control group that were not polished using automatic barrel finishing, were <0.2 ㎛. However, polishing time needs to be controlled to realize the desired surface roughness and grinding amount considering the hardness of the resin used. Conclusion: Gloss polishing of 3D-printed resin can be realized using automatic dental barrel finishing. However, polishing time needs to be controlled to realize the desired surface roughness and grinding amount considering the hardness of the resin used.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to observed changes in the shape of dental barrels based on application time. Machinability measures the angle of alloy specimens. Polishing performance measures the surface roughness of alloy specimens. Methods: The dental barrel polishing equipment used in this study was a Snow Barrel (DK Mungyo). Three types of cobalt-chromium alloys for partial dentures were used as specimens (BC CAST R [BP]; Bukwang, Vera PDI [VP]; Aalbadent, and GM 800+ [GP]; Dentaurum). Specimens were prepared in the form of plates (10 mmx10 mmx2 mm). Dental barrel polishing was performed at 450 rpm for 60 minutes with intervals of 5 minutes. The processing angle was measured using a microscope (SZ61; Olympus). Results: For the angle measurement, the VPC specimen was measured at 78.64°, 36.00° for the VP60 specimen, 79.57° for the BP control (BPC) specimen, 28.07° for the BP60 specimen, 75.01° for the GPC specimen, and 39.92° for the GP60 specimen. For the surface roughness measurements, the average surface roughness of the VPC and VP15 specimens were 1.09 ㎛ and 0.26 ㎛, respectively. The average surface roughness of the BPC and BP20 specimens were 1.77 ㎛ and 0.29 ㎛, respectively. The average surface roughness of the GPC and GP15 specimens were 1.08 ㎛ and 0.27 ㎛. Conclusion: The results were excellent after about 20 minutes of dental barrel polishing conditions presented in this study.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of polishing and glazing on the color and spectral distribution of monolithic zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty-five monolithic zirconia specimens ($16.3mm{\times}16.4mm{\times}2.0mm$) were fabricated and divided into 5 groups according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications (Group I to V). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the method of surface treatments (n=3): N: no treatment; P: polishing; G: glazing. Color and spectral distribution of five different areas of each specimen were measured according to CIELAB color space in the reflectance mode relative to the standard illuminant D65 on a reflection spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. There was a significant difference in CIE $L^*$ between Subgroup N and P, and in CIE $b^*$ between Subgroup P and G in each group. Spectral reflectance generally decreased in Subgroup P and G in comparison with Subgroup N. Color differences between Subgroup P and G were within the perceptibility threshold (${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ < 3.7) in most groups. Highly significant correlation was found between CIE $b^*$ and each subgroups as the number of coloring liquid applications increased ($R^2$ >0.88, P<.001). CONCLUSION. A perceptible color difference can be detected after polishing of monolithic zirconia. Polishing decreases the lightness, and glazing also decreases the lightness, but increases the yellowness of monolithic zirconia.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2006

본 연구는 레진 표면을 연마한 후 레진 표면 강화재를 도포한 것이 표면 처리하지 않은 군에 비해 칫솔질 마모시 표면 특성 즉, 표면 조도, 표면 자유 에너지, 마모율 등의 변화가 있는지 알아 보기 위해 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다(p=0.05). 1. 평균 조도는 Biscover < Forify < Polishing군 순이었다. 마모 전과 6개월에서는 모든 군에서 유의한 차이를 보였고, 1개월, 2개월, 3개월에서는 Polishing군과 Fortify군, Polishing군과 Biscover군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 2. 표면 자유 에너지는 마모 전은 Polishing군과 Biscover군, Fortify군과 Biscover군에서 유의한 차이를 보였고(Biscover < Fortify < Polishing), 1개월에서는 Polishing군과 Fortify군에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 2개월에서는 각 군간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3개월에서는 Fortify군과 Biscover군에서 유의차를 보였고, 6개월에서는 Polishing군과 Fortify군, Fortify군과 Biscover군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다 (Fortify < Polishing < Biscover). 3. 마모율은 1개월에서 모든 군에서 유의차를 보였으며, 2개월에서는 군 간 유의차가 없었고, 3개월과 $4{\sim}6$개월 평균 마모율은 Polishing군과 Biscover군, Fortify군과 Biscover군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. Fortify와 Biscover의 두께를 고려했을 때, Fortify는 2개월 내에, Biscover는 6개월 정도에 거의 소실되었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2019

PURPOSE. To evaluate the polishing effect on roughness and color change of pressed and layering ceramics after immersion in coffee solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 88 ceramic discs ($1.0mm{\times}10.0mm$) were manufactured - 44 nano-fluorapatite layering ceramics (IPS e.max Ceram. Group C) and 44 pressed lithium disilicate ceramic discs (IPS e. max Press - Group P). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to surface treatments: (G) Glaze, (S) Shofu polishing system (Shofu Inc.), (E) Edenta AG polishing System, (KG) $30-{\mu}m$ diamond granulation tip. Surface roughness (Ra) and color change (${\Delta}E$) measurings after the surface treatments were performed, before and 12 days after the immersion in coffee solution. A samples' qualitative analysis was conducted with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically-treated with one-way-ANOVA and Duncan's tests, apart from paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test (${\alpha}=5%$). RESULTS. The decrescent order, both for surface roughness (Ra) and ${\Delta}E$ for both ceramics were: KG > E > S > G (P<.05). With exception for PG and CG subgroups, which did not present statistical difference between them, all other pressed ceramics subgroups presented smaller Ra values and greater ${\Delta}E$ values than the layering ceramics subgroups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Although mechanical polishing systems presented intermediate Ra values, their colors were considered clinically acceptable. There is a strong correlation between the surface roughness and the color change of tested ceramics.