• Journal of Species Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.152-158
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• 2015

Dendranthema boreale and D. indicum are easily distinguished from other Korean Dendranthema spp. by having yellow flowers. We have found a putative new taxon of Dendranthema having white flowers, except for sharing most characters with Dendranthema boreale. The chloroplast (cp) genome of the putative new taxon of Dendranthema, Dendranthema sp. K247003, registered in National Agro-Biodiversity Center (ABC), was completely characterized as a genetic barcode. The cp-genome of Dendranthema sp. K247003 was 151,175-bp in size: LSC was 82,886-bp, IR 24,971-bp, SSC 18,347-bp. The cp-genome of Dendranthema sp. K247003 contains 113 genes and 21 introns consisted of 79 protein coding genes, 4 RNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes, with 20 group II introns and one group I intron. Some of the genes and there introns were duplicated in IR. The cp-DNA of Dendranthema sp. K247003 is distinguished from that of D. boreale IT121002 by 67 SNPs in genic regions of 24 protein coding genes and by a 9-bp INDEL in ycf1. Further cp-DNA study will give us better information on genetic markers of Dendranthema species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2010

Flowers and shoots of three species of Dendranthema boreale, Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema zawdskii var. lucidum, were extracted with 80% ethanol by reflux, and polyphenol content, scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects and inhibition effects on lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum, especially in the flower part. Scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS was also highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum flower with less activity in shoot. Ferrous ion chelating effects was highest with D. boreale flower and lowest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum flower. Inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation was highest in D. zawdskii var. lucidum shoot with 41.01% inhibition activity showing 32 days after reaction, which is higher than synthetic antioxidant BHT. Due to higher antioxidant level and activity of shoot and flower of D. zawdskii var. lucidum is promising material for natural plant antioxidant. It was also shown that antioxidant activity is different according to plant part ever in same plant, and proper plant species should be used for antioxidant after careful studies.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2012

This study compared the differences between the Dendranthema boreale and Dendranthema indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure in Korea. More D. boreale distributed than D. indicum to in the place where high elevation and on the surface of low degree slope. Both D. boreale and D. indicum growed well in south-east direction of the slope. The soil pH of D. boreale and D. indicum was 6.1 and 7.1, respectively. Ca, Mg, Na and organic matter content of the soil of D. boreale habitat was significantly lower than that of the D. indicum habitat. There were 102 and 88 taxa, in D. boreale and D. indicum habitat, respectively. Both species generally distributed along with herbs than along with trees. The important species found in D. boreale habitat were Artemisia princeps (57.1%) and Humulus japonicus (33.3%), and the D. indicum habitat were Miscanthus sinensis (42.9%) and Lonicera japonica (38.1%). The D. boreale group was classified into Artemisia princeps, Crepidiastrum denticulatum, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria lobata, Lespedeza bicolor, Lonicera japonica and Rubus crataegifolius community. The D. indicum group was classified into Artemisia capillaris, Peucedanum japonicum, Boehmeria pannosa, Pinus thunbergii, Lonicera japonica, Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia community. There is a large difference bewteen D. boreale and D. indicum in their habitat, soil adaptability, species composition and community structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.15-34
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• 2021

Syntaxonomy and Synecology on Quercus variabilis forests in Daecheong-dam basin was carried out using the methods of Braun-Blanquet phytosociology. 6 syntaxa classified as species compositions described were Quercus variabilis community, Platycarya strobilacea-Quercus variabilis community(typicum subcommunity, dictamnus dasycarpus subcommunity), Quercetum variabili-serratae, Zelkova serrata-Quercus variabilis community and Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community. All syntaxa were shown habitat environmental conditions including steep inclination of more than 30°, high rock exposure rate of more than 50% and South-facing slope. These communities excepting Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community classified as natural vegetation were identified as low emergence rate of annual plants and species compositions composed native species, so it was confirmed that relatively natural succession were proceeding well. Quercetum variabili-serratae and Dendranthema boreale-Quercus variabilis community distributed forested hillslope of open water edge were representative Quercus variabilis syntaxa in Daecheong-dam basin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2017

Dendranthema spp are distributed in various regions in Korea. This report is the quantitative results of phenolic compounds on the 5 resources collected from all over the country. It was known that it has phenolic compounds, as an anticoagulant activities and immunoadjuvant activity of contribute to the cardiovascular effects. This was used for quantitative analysis of chlorogenic acid(CA), 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(3,5-DCA), 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid(4,5-DCA) and linarin, with UPLC-PDA and LC-IT-TOF-MS. Extraction efficiency of compounds was compared by using ultrasonic extraction and reflux extraction with different extraction conditions (methods and time). In 50% MeOH extracs (30 mins) of Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev (SDZ), Dendranthema zawadskii var. yezoense (Maek.) Y.M.Lee & H.J.Choi (NDZ), Dendranthema zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvelev var. teuisectum (Kitag.) J. H. Pak (GDZ), Dendranthema careanum (H. $L{\acute{e}}v$. & Vaniot) Vorosch. (HDC) and Dendranthema zawadskii var. tenuisectum Kitag (PDZ), chlorogenic acid contents were 1.14‰, 6.95‰, 7.27‰, 1.47‰ and 2.64‰, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were 3.30‰, 5.60‰, 10.81‰, 2.67‰ and 1.50‰, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid contents were 0.74‰, 1.93‰, 3.36‰, 0.61‰ and 0.43‰ and linarin contents were 3.90‰, 10.15‰, 0.15‰, 0.73‰ and 0.21‰, respectively.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2005

Two groups of phytoplasma were identified in chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum) cv. Chunkwang showing distinct symptoms. Isolate Ph-ch1 showed symptoms of dwarf, witches'-broom, rosette and root death. The other isolate, Ph-ch2, revealed symptoms of dwarf, yellowing, leaf cupping, vein clearing and root death. The presence of phytoplasma structures in chrysanthemum leaf tissue was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified from isolates Ph-ch1 and Ph-ch2 by PCR and cloned, and the nucleotide sequences were determined. In RFLP analysis, isolate Ph-ch2 showed profiles identical to Ph-ch1, except with restriction enzymes HhaI and MseI. The sequence data showed that isolate Ph-ch1 was most closely related to the aster yellows (AY) phytoplasma, and isolate Ph-ch2 was more closely related to stolbur phytoplasma than to AY phytoplasma. This is the first reported observation of stolbur phytoplasma in chrysanthemum species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2018

국화과(Compositae) 다년생 초본인 산국속(Dendranthema)은 국내 약 13여종이 자생하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이 중 감국(D. indicum (L.) Des Moul.)과 산국(D. boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam.), 구절초(D. zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam.)가 주로 차 또는 한약재 등의 원료로 이용되고 있다. 차로 이용되는 꽃은 산국이 감국에 비해 상대적으로 작아서 구분이 가능하지만 시중에는 건조된 형태로 가공 유통되므로 육안으로 구분이 쉽지 않고, 산국 유래 제품들은 국내에서 감국 또는 국화로 혼용해서 표기되어 유통되고 있어 그 기원을 명확히 정립할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 감국과 산국의 분자유전학적 판별을 위해 DNA 바코드 후보 유전자를 활용하여 염기서열분석으로 확보된 SNP 및 InDel 정보를 바탕으로 CAPS 마커를 개발하고자 수행되었다. 감국과 산국 모두 trnL-trnF intergenic spacer 구간에서 약 1kb의 PCR 산물이 확인되었고, 이들 염기서열에서 분석한 2 SNP 및 3 InDel을 대상으로 CAPS 마커 개발을 위한 제한효소 사이트를 탐색하였다. Gap을 포함한 774bp (감국/산국=A/G) 위치의 SNP에서 BstUI(GC^GC)처리로 CAPS 마커로 전환 가능함이 확인되었고, 이에 감국과 산국의 PCR 산물에 제한효소를 처리한 결과, 제한효소 인식 사이트가 존재하는 산국에서 두 개의 DNA 단편이 확인되었다. 위 결과는 다양한 형태로 가공 유통되는 감국과 산국의 판별을 위한 마커로 활용될 수 있으며, 본 연구에 활용된 기술은 추후 건강기능식품 개발을 위한 원료표준화 확립 연구에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.907-915
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• 2019

This study aims to identify the most tolerant species under salinity stress from amongst Asteraceae and Poaceae. The seeds of six species were exposed to different concentrations of $CaCl_2$ (0, 9, 18, 45, 90 mM) and NaCl (0, 17, 34, 85, 170 mM), and germination was measured once every two days. The results indicated that percent germination of the six species of Asteraceae and Poaceae seeds were affected differently by changes in salinity concentration. Seed germination was reduced as salinity levels increase, and longer mean germination times correlated to lower percent germination and earlier germination cessation. Both Asteraceae and Poaceae seeds had the highest germination rates at 18 mM $CaCl_2$ and 34 mM NaCl, and seed germination and growth were severely reduced at salinities greater than 90 mM $CaCl_2$ and 170 mM NaCl. In the seeds of Poaceae, salt resistance was strong in the order of Miscanthus sinensis Andersson, Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., and Phragmites communis Trin. In the seeds of Asteraceae, salt resistance was strong in the order of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam, Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda, and Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam.. Overall, the germination rate was higher in Asteraceae than in Poaceae. This study demonstrated that Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam. is the most tolerant species and that a relationship exists between the salt tolerance of percent germination and the mean germination time in the leaves.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.521-526
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• 2021

Three isolates belonging to the ascomycetous genus Zygotorulaspora were obtained from the fruits of Cornus officinalis and Smilax china, and flowers of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum in Gongju-si, Korea. Phylogenetic Analyses of the LSU D1/D2 domain and ITS region sequences supported the recognition of two new species: Zygotorulaspora cornina sp. nov. (type strain NIBRFGC000500475 = KACC93346P^PP) and Zygotorulaspora smilacis sp. nov. (type strain NIBRFGC000500476 = KACC93347P^PP). The two novel species revealed no growth on D-Galactose, unlike the other six species in the genus Zygotorulaspora. They are distinguished from each other by their phylogenetic differences and phenotypic characteristics such as assimilation of xylitol, 5-keto-D-gluconate, and ethanol. All species in the genus Zygotorulaspora including the two novel species have phenotypic traits of genus Zygotorulaspora: asci are persistent, sucrose and raffinose are assimilated, and m-inositol is not required for growth, and they are mainly associated with plants.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.104-114
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• 2023

In this study, the distribution, bait preference, hosts, symbionts, habitat status, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I sequences of the ant Linepithema humile were analyzed. This species habitat comprised approximately 1.5 km along stone crevices, flower gardens, roadsides, and container yards in the vicinity of Busan station, Korea. Feeding activity of this species was confirmed in 9 species of 7 families of plants. Which was approximately 14% of total flora (63 species of 37 families) in the studied area. Particularly, it was observed that Dendranthema indicum and Camellia japonica were the most frequently visited. Further, we verified that they interacted with four species of aphids. We identified 22 species of ants (17 genera, 4 subfamilies) inhabiting the Busan station area, including L. humile, Tetramorium tsushimae, Nylanderia flavipes and the alien species Paratrechina longicornis. In areas where L. humile was the dominant species, the habitat of local native ants was reduced by approximately 30%. Bait preference was ranked in the following order: jelly, water with glucose (25%), and yogurt, with the highest preference for baits containing sugar and protein. The 630-bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I sequences of the local L. humile populations were 99% identical to those of L. humile in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and the Argentine ants that invaded Korea had a sequence identical to that of other invasive populations from China, Japan, and New Zealand. As L. humile rapidly increases due to domestic adaptation, continuous monitoring and control strategy for eradication are needed to protect domestic biodiversity.