• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

Due to the change in the demographic structure, the problem of low birth rate and aging population leads to a serious decrease in human resources, and the necessity of introducing foreign workers is increasing. This study believes that the introduction of foreign workforce is the most effective to expand the working-age population in the era of low birthrate and aging, when demographic changes begin in earnest, and to this end, it sought to devise measures to improve the legal system for migrant workers. As a result of this study, first, the legal system for migrant workers should be unified and improved. It is necessary to establish or unify management agencies so that the 「Immigration Control Act」 and the 「Labor Act」 can establish a cooperative relationship. Second, the 「Immigration Control Act」 should be revised to make it easier for migrant workers to find employment. It is necessary to positively review the employment permit system and acquisition of nationality. Third, there should be no equity or discrimination against migrant workers. Under the principle of mutual benefit, employers and migrant workers should not be equally discriminated against. Fourth, the social insurance system must be added to the legal system of migrant workers. Therefore, the legal system should be reorganized so that migrant workers are not discriminated against in various insurance systems including the four major social insurance systems. In conclusion, the problem of low birthrate and aging population has become a serious social problem due to changes in the demographic structure, and the decrease in the possible generation population has reached a level of concern. The importance of migrant workers' employment and work environment is increasing. Nevertheless, related legal and institutional problems still exist, and measures to improve the legal system for migrant workers are needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.285-293
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to closely examine the effect of exercise behavior change of casino securities on their Self-efficacy. This observation takes place in casino enterprises in the whole country. Within these areas, we set the selected employees as the targeted sampling unit, we extracted the specimen, using the stratified cluster random sampling with the quota sampling, putting a weigh on the specimen of focused areas. Among 420 persons sampling unit, we have excluded 47 copied which seem to be insincere, and actually used 373 copies in this study. Evaluation forms are used as a study method; each form consists of continuance 5 points Likert scales and nominal/proportional scaling and used after excluding a test through the analysis of validity and reliability. After encoding and inputting the framing completed data along with each purpose, it was computerized by computer process, making use of SPSS 15.0 version. Through the data analysis according to these methods and procedures, the result on this study is described below. First, the exercise behavior change process the self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics make a difference. Second, the self-efficacy according to socio-demographic characteristics make a difference. Third, the exercise behavior change process influence on the self-efficacy.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.549-570
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to review the current states and future trends in the more developed countries(MDC), the less developed countries(LDC), and Korea. In 2009, the percentage of persons ages 65 and older in the world's population is 8%. However, the ratio of elderly to the total population is higher in MDC than LDC (and Korea). In future, population ageing will be a serious social problem in the LDC (and Korea). Population ageing process will occur at a much faster rate in LDC (and Korea). The reason is that the demographic transition in LDC (and Korea) has occurred in much shorter and recent periods. Though the ageing indices such as the old-age dependency ratio, aging index, and the median ages are higher in MDC, they will change rapidly in LDC. In addition, the oldest old population will increase in LDC than MDC. Therefore, when establishing the government policy related to population ageing, we need to consider the different population ageing process between in MDC and in Korea(or LDC).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.221-230
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• 2017

Demographic change was considered to be the most major driver of land use change although there were several interacting factors involved, especially in the developing countries. This paper presents an approach to predict the future land use change using a hybrid model. A hybrid model consisting of logistic regression model, Markov chain (MC), and cellular automata (CA) was designed to improve the performance of the standard logistic regression model. Experiment was conducted in Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. Demography and socio-economic variables dealing with urban sprawl were used to create a probability surface of spatio-temporal states of built-up land use for the years 2009, 2019, and 2029. The predicted land use maps for the years 2019 and 2029 show substantial urban development in the area, much of which are located in areas sensitive to source protections. It also showed that aquacultural land changes substantially in areas where are in the vicinity of estuary or near the sea dike. There was considerable variation between the communes; notably, communes with higher household density and higher proportion of people in working age have larger increases in aquacultural areas. The results of the analysis can provide valuable information for local planners and policy makers, assisting their efforts in constructing alternative sustainable urban development schemes and environmental management strategies.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.285-298
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the employment characteristics of the elderly over 65 years old and to compare those that have experienced no job change in the last 10 years with another group that have experienced job change at least once in the last 10 years. From the 10th wave data(KLIP), participants who were over 65 years old were chosen and their employment status for the last 10 years was reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: first, the analysis of demographic profiles indicated that householders and elderly couples with low education levels and low socioeconomic status were more likely to be employed compared to others. Second, in terms of work-related characteristics, it was revealed that the elderly who were employed tended to be non-paid workers, employers, and self-employed workers, primarily in the farming, fishing, forestry, and the mining industries, these were the elderly workers who had experienced job change three times or more in the last 10 years. Third, the analysis of economic characteristics indicated that elderly who were employed tended to rely more on private income transfers. Last, when the elderly who had experienced no job change in the last 10 years were compared to the elderly who had experienced job change in the last 10 years, the two groups differed significantly in terms of employment status, type of business, and occupation category.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1009-1016
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• 2013

Background: The benefits of physical activity are well established and recognized to prevent adults from many chronic diseases and particularly some forms of cancers. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the present status of physical activity among Saudi adults in Al-Ahsa, and to examine the association between the stages of change for physical activity and perceived barriers, and self efficacy. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 242 subjects (118 males and 124 females) attending health centers aged between 20-56 years, were personally interviewed for demographic data, anthropometric measurement, physical activity level, stages of change for physical activity, self efficacy and perceived barriers. Results: Forty eight percent of the females were overweight and 16.9% of the males were obese with no significant difference between the genders for BMI categories. More than half of the females were inactive and 39% of the males were physically active with a significant difference (P=0.007). Twenty percent of the males were in maintenance stage, while similar percentage of the females were in contemplation stage. However the majority of the subjects were in pre-contemplation stage with a significant difference across the stages. Males had a higher mean score of self efficacy and less external barriers of physical activity. The major barrier among the females was lack of time ($7.2{\pm}1.4$) and in the males, lack of motivation ($7.7{\pm}1.4$). The females had less internal ($21.2{\pm}3.8$) barriers comparable to the males ($23.08{\pm}4.7$). Both genders had a significant relationship between stages of changes of physical activity and perceived barriers (internal and external), but in the females no significant difference across the stages was observed for self efficacy unlike the males who had a significant difference for self efficacy and self efficacy categories. Conclusion: The present study provided useful data on stages of change for physical activity and some psychosocial factors (self efficacy and perceived barriers) that can help to tailor strategies aiming at increasing physical activity level according to self efficacy and to the barriers detected, to prevent many chronic diseases including certain types of cancer in Saudi Arabia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

Like most OECD countries, Korea is experiencing a decline in population and demographic changes, deterioration of public facilities, and limited investment in public facilities maintenance due to low economic growth and increased welfare budgets. In this case, not only the inconvenience of using the public facilities can lead to the occurrence of an accident due to the damage of the facilities. However, as the importance of the management of public facilities has not been recognized yet, new policies are being promoted. Korea is expected to reduce the total population since the late 2020s, and there will be a large difference in population reduction between the cities, towns, and towns within the same administrative districts. Therefore, it is necessary to change the management policy regarding the change in demand of public facilities due to population change such as population decrease and aging. Accordingly, this study analyzes the management policies and actual conditions of public facilities in Korea, and suggests the implications for public facilities management by analyzing Japan's public facilities management policies that faced population change and deterioration of public facilities before Korea. The key change in Japan's public facilities management policy is the transition from new to maintenance, which has managed public facilities in terms of existing safety management and asset management.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2019

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors for posterior migration of a single cage after transforminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively on 48 patients (60 discs) who were followed-up for 1 year after TLIF from January 2015 to January 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 containing 16 patients (17 discs) with cage migration and group 2 containing 32 patients (43 discs) without it. Information related to cage migration, such as the demographic factors, shape of disc, level and location of the cage inserted, and disc height change, was acquired from the medical records and radiologic images, and the possibility for generating posterior migration of cage was evaluated statistically. Results: The demographic factors and cage-inserted level were similar in the two groups (16 patients in group 1, 32 patients in group 2). In the migration group, number of patients with a pear-type disc, 9 patients, was significantly larger; the disc height change, 1.8 mm, was significantly smaller; and the cage was located frequently on non-center in the anteriorposterior view and center in the lateral view in 9 and 15 out of 16 patients, respectively. Conclusion: A pear-type disc shape, small disc height change, cage with non-center on the anteriorposterior view and non-anterior on the lateral view are the risk factors for posterior migration. These factors are important for preventing posterior migration of the cage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3958-3970
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• 2013

This study was carried out to grasp the job stress and intention to change their jobs of nurses at general hospitals by their socio-demographic, job-related and health-related behavior characteristics and especially to investigate their relationship to the job stress and intention to change their jobs. The subjects were 355 nurses working at three university hospitals located in Daejeon City, and data were collected by a survey using self-administered questionnaires structured from April 1 to May 31, 2012. As a results, the average point of the nurses' intention to change jobs by the causes for job stress was significantly higher in the boss group with low support than in that with high support while it was higher in colleague group with low support than in that with high support. To look into the correlation between the points of intention to change their jobs and the causes for job stress, their intention to change their jobs showed a significant negative correlation to the boss's support and colleagues' support while there was no significant relationship with job demands and job autonomy. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression, age, drinking coffee, department, job satisfaction, the boss's support and colleagues' support were selected as significant related variables affecting the nurses' intention to change their jobs and these variables' descriptive power was 29.4%. Viewed from the above results, it is suggested that the nurses' job stress and intention to change their jobs has a significant relationship with various variables such as socio-demographic, health-related behavior and job-related characteristics. In addition, there were a significant positive correlation between the causes for the job stress cause and intention to change their jobs, and among the causes for the job stress, support by their boss or colleagues turned out to be those affecting their intention to change their jobs. Thus, it is considered that it is necessary to minimize the nurses' job stress and at the same time to seek for specific measures for preventing their turnover.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4311-4314
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• 2012

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life crises. The need to understand PTG in relation to actual changes in an individual's life has recently been raised. Little is known about the role of social support in the experience of positive outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of perceived social support in enhancing PTG in cancer patients. This study involved 105 cancer patients. The data were collected using a questionnaire that determined the socio-demographic features, posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) and perceived social support. Participants reported relatively high levels of PTG and social support. Total perceived social support, support from family, and friends were significantly positive associated with the development of PTG among cancer patients. Accordingly, the social surroundings of the patient should be informed about the importance of social support and how it helps the patient; they should be made aware of necessity of social support.