• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1529-1533
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• 2010

The inulinase gene (INU1) from Kluyveromyces marxianus NCYC2887 was overexpressed by using the GAL10 promotor in a ${\Delta}ga180$ strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inulinase gene lacking the original signal sequence was fused in-frame to a mating factor ${\alpha}$ signal sequence for secretory expression. Use of the ${\Delta}ga180$ strain allowed for the galactose-free induction of inulinase expression using a glucose-only medium. Shake-flask cultivation in YPD medium produced 34.6 U/ml of the recombinant inulinase, which was approximately 13-fold higher than that produced by K. marxianus NCYC2887. It was found that the use of the ${\Delta}ga180$ strain improved the expression of inulinase in the recombinant S. cerevisiae in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions by about 2.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively. A 5-l fed-batch fermentation using YPD medium was performed under aerobic condition with glucose feeding, which resulted in the inulinase production of 31.7 U/ml at the $OD_{600}$ of 67. Ethanol fermentation of dried powder of Jerusalem artichoke, an inulin-rich biomass, was also performed using the recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing INU1 and K. marxianus NCYC2887. Fermentation in a 5-l scale fermentor was carried out at an aeration rate of 0.2 vvm, an agitation rate of 300 rpm, and with the pH controlled at 5.0. The temperature was maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the recombinant S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus. The maximum productivities of ethanol were 59.0 and 53.5 g/l, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.56-64
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• 2005

Two distinct CD3 homologue genes, $CD3\gamma/\delta\;and\;CD\varepsilon$, were isolated from a olive flounder leukocyte cDNA library and a BAC library. $CD3\gamma/\delta$ consisted of 961 bp encoding 178 amino acid residues, and $CD3\varepsilon$ consisted of 1006 bp encoding 164 amino acid residues. When compared with other known CD3 peptide sequences, the most conserved region of the two olive flounder CD3 chain peptides are the cytoplasmic domain and the least conserved are the extracellular domain. A phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequence grouped the two olive flounder CD3 sequences with $CD3\varepsilon$ and $CD3\gamma/\delta$, respectively. The olive flounder CD3 cluster (consisting of $CD3\varepsilon\;and\;CD3\gamma/\delta$) spans only 10.4 kb. The $CD3\varepsilon\;and\;CD3\gamma/\delta$ genes are oppositely transcribed only 3.8 kb apart. Both olive flounder CD3 genes have five exons. The two olive flounder CD3 genes were predominantly expressed in PBLs, kidney, spleen, and gills.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.421-438
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• 2017

Through the short-period variability survey program, we obtained time-series BV CCD images for $1.5^{\circ}{\times}1.0^{\circ}$ region around the young open cluster NGC 457. As a result, we have detected 61 variable stars including 31 new ones after checking light curves of all stars by eyes. The 61 variable stars were included 14 ${\delta}$ Scuti variable stars, a ${\beta}$ Cephei variable star, 10 variable Be and slowly pulsating B stars, 13 eclipsing binary stars, 21 semi-long periodic or slow irregular variables and an RR Lyrae variable star, respectively. Many variable B-type stars were known through a well-defined zero-age main sequence to the ${\beta}$ Cepheid region of NGC 457. Most of the variable B-type stars found this paper were known variable stars. But, 11 out of 14 ${\delta}$ Scuti variable stars were newly discovered. The new variable stars except for ${\delta}$ Scuti stars were 4 variable B-type stars, 5 eclipsing binaries and 11 semi-long periodic or slow irregular variables. We have performed frequency analysis for all ${\delta}$ Scuti stars, a ${\beta}$ Cepheid star and an RR Lyrae star.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1998

Human annexin I is a member of annexin family of calcium dependent phospholipid binding proteins, which have been implicated in various physiological roles including phospholipase A2(PLA2) inhibition, membrane fusion and calcium channel activity. In this work, the structure of N-terminally truncated human annexin I ({{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I) and its interactions with Ca2+, ATP and cAMP were studied at atomic level by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The effect of Ca2+ binding on the structure of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I was investigated. The addition of Ca2+ to {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I caused some changes in 13C NMR spectra. Carbonyl carbon resonances of some histidines were significantly broadened by Ca2+ binding. However, in the case of methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosin, small changes could be observed. We found that ATP and cAMP bind {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I, and the binding ratio of ATP to {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I is 1. These results are well consistent with the report that cAMP and ATP interact with annexin I, and affect the calcium channels formed by annexin I. Because {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I is a large protein with 35 kDa molecular weight, site-specific (carbonyl-13C) labeling technique was used to study the interaction sites of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I with Ca2+. NMR study was focused on the carbonyl carbon resonances of tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine and histidine residues of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I because the number of these amino acids is small in the amino acid sequence of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2002

The magnitude and phase of the compensating voltage in Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) system depend on the voltage sag in the phases affected by the fault and on the influence of the zero sequence components. If the delta connection of the transformer is used, the zero sequence components do not appear on the load side. But nowadays, Y connected transformers with grounded neutral, that is 3-phase 4-wire system, are usually used. Therefore the zero-sequence components are occurred during faults. The zero-sequence components result in the high insulation costs and the asymmetry of the phase and magnitude of the terminal voltages. In this paper 3 phase 4 wire distribution system and 3 phase 3 wire system are analyzed and characteristics of voltage sag are presented. And this paper proposes the method that can mitigate the zero-sequence under the unbalance faults causing voltage sage and phase angle iumps.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

복숭아순나방(Grapholita molesta)은 두 가지 주요 성페로몬 성분(Z-8-dodecenyl acetate and E-8-dodecenyl acetate)을 갖고 있다. 이 성페로몬 성분의 생합성 과정 분석은 포화지방산의 10번 탄소에 이중결합을 합성하는 불포화효소($10{\Delta}$ DES)가 종 특이적 광학이성체 형성에 필수적이라고 제시하였다. 그러나 이 효소의 분자적 특징에 대해서 분석되지 않았다. 본 연구는 복숭아순나방 성페로몬 샘의 전사체에서 $10{\Delta}$ DES로 추정된 불포화효소(Gm-comp1575)의 단백질 기능 영역을 분석하였다. Gm-comp1575 유전자는 370개의 아미노산 서열 정보를 암호하고 있으며 분자량은 약 43.2 kDa 그리고 등전위점(pI)은 8.77로 추정되었다. 이 불포화효소는 4개의 막투과영역을 지니고 있으며, 6개의 탄수화물 결합 위치가 아미노 말단과 세포내 영역에서 갖는 것으로 추정되었다. 분자계통분석은 Gm-comp1575가 다른 종에서 알려진 $10{\Delta}$ DES와 유사성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다. Gm-comp1575 전사체는 암컷 성페로몬 샘 및 다른 복부 조직에서 발현되었다. 이 유전자 발현에 대한 RNA 간섭 처리는 처녀 암컷으로 하여금 사과원에서 수컷을 유인하는 능력을 크게 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과는 Gm-comp1575가 복숭아순나방의 성페로몬 생합성과 관련이 있는 유전자라고 제시하고 있다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2008

In the study of normal (complex analytic) surface singularities, it is interesting to investigate the invariants. The purpose of this paper is to give a characterization of the vanishing of ${\delta}_2$. In [11], we gave characterizations of minimally elliptic singularities and rational triple points in terms of th.. second plurigenera ${\delta}_2$ and ${\gamma}_2$. In this paper, we also give a characterization of rational triple points in terms of a certain computation sequence. To prove our main theorems, we give two formulae for ${\delta}_2$ and ${\gamma}_2$ of rational surface singularities.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.247-262
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• 2006

The main objective of this paper is to study the boundedness character, the periodic character and the global stability of the positive solutions of the following difference equation $x_{n+1}=\frac{{\alpha}x_n+{\beta}x_{n-1}+{\gamma}x_{n-2}+{\delta}x_{n-3}}{Ax_n+Bx_{n-1}+Cx_{n-2}+Dx{n-3}}$, n=0, 1, 1, ... where the coefficients A, B, C, D, ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma},\;{\delta}$ and the initial conditions x-3, x-2, x-1, x0 are arbitrary positive real numbers.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2019

For $y{\in}{\mathbb{R}}$, a sequence $x=(x_n){\in}{\ell}^{\infty}$, and a non-negative regular matrix A, Bartoszewicz et. al., in 2015, defined the notion of the A-density ${\delta}_A(y)$ of the indices of those $x_n$ that are close to y. Their main result states that if the set of limit points of ($x_n$) is countable and density ${\delta}_A(y)$ exists for any $y{\in}\mathbb{R}$ where A is a non-negative regular matrix, then ${\lim}_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}(Ax)_n={\sum}_{y{\in}{\mathbb{R}}}{\delta}_A(y){\cdot}y$. In this note we first show that the result can be extended to a more general class of matrices and then consider a conjecture which naturally arises from our investigations.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

A specific deleted version of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR1 (ARR1) lacking the signal receiver domain (1.152 amino acids)-coding sequence, referred to as $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$, was amplified using Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA prepared from adult leaves and transferred into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun under the transcriptional control of a ${\beta}$-estradiol-inducible expression system. The ectopic expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ affected the morphology of transgenic seedlings and their segments in vitro. In the presence of an inducer, ${\beta}$-estradiol, ectopic expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ induced only the formation of soft, pseudo-bulbous tissue in the root tip region of intact seedlings, which appeared similar to callus generated on a hypocotyl segment in the presence of 2,4-D and 6-benzyladenine (BA), both at $1\;{\mu}M$. Those callus tissues on the root tip region could not generate shoots unless $1\;{\mu}M$ BA was supplied. In segment culture, ectopic expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ induced calluslike tissue around the cut-end of cotyledon and hypocotyl segments with occasional shoot formation, suggesting that the expression of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ could substitute for the effects of cytokinin on these segments. Additionally, treatment with only ${\beta}$-estradiol induced NtWUS, a WUS ortholog in tobacco, which was detected during the process of callus tissue formation in the root tip region and also in cotyledon or hypocotyl segments. These findings suggest that the NtWUS might be associated in the transdifferentiation process caused by the functional regulation of $ARR1{\Delta}DDK$ in transgenic tobacco seedlings.