• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.45-72
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• 2019

Purpose - This study examines the mediating effect of switching costs (economic risk costs and setup costs) on the relationships of country image with product attitude and product attachment. Switching-cost effects for the Korean Wave, which are insufficiently addressed in the literature, were investigated using the country image of Korea as a proxy for the Korean Wave. Moreover, this study examined the economic effects of the Korean Wave and the negative effect of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) deployment on these economic effects. Design/methodology - A total of 302 Chinese consumers were surveyed using a questionnaire. Because this was an exploratory study and was not based on a classical model, the PLS-SEM method was employed to test the stability of the model and its hypotheses. Findings - Switching costs had mediating effects on the relationships of country image with product attitude and product attachment. The switching-cost effects for the Korean Wave were verified. However, neither the economic image nor cultural image of Korea had significant effects on the economic risk costs. Moreover, the economic image of Korea had no significant effect on the set-up costs. Originality/value - This study broadened the understanding of the relationships among country image, switching costs, product attitude, and product attachment and advanced the knowledge of relevant theories. The results contribute theoretically to the literature on switching-cost effects for the Korean Wave. The results confirmed the negative effect of THAAD deployment on the economic effects of the Korean Wave. In the rapidly developing international environment, these research results could serve as theoretical reference guidelines for suppliers when developing marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.341-352
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• 2019

LTV(Light Tactical vehicle) operating in our military requires higher levels of performance and durability to withstand harsher conditions than ordinary vehicles, as they must travel on both rough-train and off-road as well as on public roads. Recently, developed light tactical vehicle is developed by a variety of test evaluations in order to satisfy ROC(Required Operational Capability) by the requirement military group. However, there is no standardized driving test condition for satisfying the durability performance of Korean tactical vehicle. Therefore, this study aims to provide basic data to establish reliable driving test conditions by analyzing the maneuver conditions and the driving data in order to select the representative drive course required. To do this, we analyzed the future operational environment, the area of operation analysis and the driving information of light tactical vehicle.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.817-823
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• 2019

Immune system provides defense integrity of body against external invaders. In order to accomplish the important defending role immune system is composed of many different components which are regenerated continuously during lifespan. The key components are professional killing cells such as macrophage, neutrophil, natural killer cell, and cytotoxic T cell and professional blocking molecule, antibody, which is produced by plasma cell, the terminal differentiated B cell. Immune response is orchestrated harmoniously by all these components mediated through antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells. Immune responses can be divided into two ways: innate immune response and adaptive immune response depending on induction mechanism. Aging is a broad spectrum of physiological changes. Likewise other physiological changes, the immune components and responses are wane as aging is progressing. Immune responses become decline and dysregulating, which is called immunosenescense. Immune components of both innate and adaptive immune response are affected as aging progresses leading to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. Numbers of immune cells and amounts of soluble immune factors were decreased in aged animal models and human and also functional and structural alterations in immune system were reduced and declined. Cellular intrinsic changes were discovered as well. Recent researches focusing on aging have been enormously growing. Many advanced tools were developed to bisect aging process in multi-directions including immune system area. This review will provide a broad overview of aging-associated changes of key components of immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2019

Attitude control modeling and simulation (M&S) can be extensively applied in overall development process, from simple algorithm design to on-board software verification. This paper introduces CMG-based attitude control M&S software, which consists of 6-DOF modeling (CMG and space environments modeling), and attitude control algorithm. The M&S software is divided into three modules, from an inner CMG motor control module to an outer earth observation mission module. While an application of this developed software is currently limited to the initial-phase attitude controller development, its application area can be extended to the later-phases by considering sophisticated model information in future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 2005

As a large quantity of information is presented in XML format on the web, there are increasing demands for XML security. Research area or n security is about Encryption Digital signature, Key management and Access control. until now research on U security has been focused on the security of data network using digital signature and encryption technology. As XML data become extensive and complex XML security comes to involve not only network security but also managerial security. Managerial security is guaranteed through access control. But XML Encryption supports simple network security. So it can't support multiple users and multiple access control policies. In this paper, we propose an integration method of encryption and access control policy for securing XML documents. This methodology can supper multiple authorizations of multiple users with integrating access control. And this can reduce the cost of evaluation process of the existing complicated access authorization with pre-processing.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

The genus Streptomyces demonstrates enormous promise in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against various pathogens. Single and consortium treatments of two selected Streptomyces strains (Streptomyces shenzhenensis TKSC3 and Streptomyces sp. SS8) were evaluated for their growth-promoting potential on rice, and biocontrol efficiency through induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediation against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) disease. Seed bacterization by Streptomyces strains improved seed germination and vigor, relative to the untreated seed. Under greenhouse conditions, seed bacterization with consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 increased seed germination, root length, and dry weight by 20%, 23%, and 33%, respectively. Single and consortium Streptomyces treatments also successfully suppressed Xoc infection. The result was consistent with defense-related enzyme quantification wherein single and consortium Streptomyces treatments increased peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and β,1-3 glucanase (GLU) accumulation compared to untreated plant. Within all Streptomyces treatments, consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 showed the highest disease suppression efficiency (81.02%) and the lowest area under the disease progress curve value (95.79), making it the best to control BLS disease. Consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 induced the highest POX and GLU enzyme activities at 114.32 µmol/min/mg protein and 260.32 abs/min/mg protein, respectively, with both enzymes responsible for plant cell wall reinforcement and resistant interaction. Our results revealed that in addition to promoting plant growth, these Streptomyces strains also mediated ISR in rice plants, thereby, ensuring protection from BLS disease.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.139-152
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• 2021

Simulations enable virtually experiencing rare events as well as analytically analyzing such events. Defense modeling and simulation research and develops the virtual and the constructive simulations to support these utilizations. These virtual and constructive(VC) simulations can interoperate to simultaneously virtual combat experience as well as evaluations on tactics and intelligence of combat entities. Moreover, recently, for artificial intelligence researches, it is necessary to retrieve human behavior data to proceed the imitation learning and the inverse reinforcement learning. The presented work illustrates a case study of VC interoperations in the aircombat scenario, and the work analyze the collected human behavior data from the VC interoperations. Through this case study, we discuss how to build the VC simulation in the aircombat area and how to utilize the collected human behavior data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 2022

In the present study we evaluated the efficacy of a bioformulation of Streptomyces cameroonensis for control of black pod disease in cocoa and enhancement of seedling growth. The formulation developed using talc powder and cassava starch as carriers showed high shelf-life of 1.07 × 10⁶ CFU/g after six months storage at 4℃. The formulation was tested for inhibition of spore germination in Phytophthora megakarya and showed 100% inhibition at 10% (w/v) of formulation. To determine the efficacy of the formulation, we performed an in planta assay in the greenhouse on two hybrids of cocoa seedlings, the tolerant SNK413 × (♂) T79/467 and the susceptible UPA 134× (♂) SCA 12. Detached leaf assay showed a significant reduction in the disease severity index of about 67% for the tolerant hybrid and 55% for the susceptible hybrid compared to non-treated plants. A significant enhancement in stem length, leaf surface area and root weight was observed. Analysis of biochemical markers of defense showed a significant increase in total polyphenol, flavonoid, and total protein contents. There was also significant upregulation of PR-proteins such as chitinases, peroxidases and β-1, 3-glucanases following treatment of both tolerant and susceptible hybrids, though with a higher level of synthesis in the tolerant hybrids. A significant increase was also observed in polyphenol oxidase activities in plants treated with the formulation. This work demonstrated the stability and effectiveness of the S. cameroonensis powder formulation in suppressing black pod disease in cocoa and subsequently enhancing the growth of seedlings.

• Maritime Security
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.115-140
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• 2021

The South China Sea is a significant maritime shipping route with abundant submarine and fishing resources. Over 40,000 ships pass through the South China Sea every year, constituting around 50% of global shipping and 66% of crude oil. In particular, 30% of Korea's import cargo and 90% of energy imports pass through this body of water. The US and China realized the significance of this sea area from early on and are embodying national interest through maritime security at the national strategic level by implementing the 'Indo-Pacific' and 'One Belt One Road' strategies, respectively. Such geopolitical conflicts are manifested in the 'freedom of navigation operations' by the US in the South China Sea. Despite its significance, there is a lack of studies in Korea on the freedom of navigation operations, and most previous studies only focus on analyzing international law and agreements. This article examines the origin and background of the strategic perception of the freedom of navigation operations and derives implications for the peace and security of the Korean Peninsula as the strategic competition between the US and China continues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In this study, study on the internal ballistic analysis method for single-chamber dual-thrust rocket motors meeting a dual-thrust profile requirement by tailoring the grain burning area is presented. The analysis method, which can acquire variables required for the performance prediction, considering gradual change of burning rate correction factor and specific impulse in the transition phase, is proposed. Improvements compared to the analysis method in the previous study, which do not consider change in the transition phase, are verified through comparison between the newly proposed method and the method in the previous study. Internal ballistic variables are obtained for four different ground firing test conditions using the proposed method, and the performance prediction for each condition is conducted using these variables. These prediction results and the ground test data are in good agreement, so it is confirmed that the performance prediction of dual-thrust motors with same design geometries based on the proposed analysis method is available.