• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1469-1475
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• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of methods of feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) on behavior patterns of growing Hanwoo steers. A total of 15 growing steers (13 months old) were assigned to the control (fed roughage and concentrate mix separately), TMR1 (fed restricted TMR), and TMR2 (fed TMR ad libitum) groups. Individual behaviors of steers were observed for 48 hours. Compared with the control, feeding restricted TMR (TMR1) resulted in short eating time, long ruminating time, short chewing time, high frequencies of defecation, urination, and drinking of water, great numbers of boluses and chews, long ruminating time per bolus, low feed value index, high eating and chewing efficiencies (p<0.05). Compared with feeding restricted TMR (TMR1), feeding TMR ad libitum (TMR2) resulted in 1.2 kg more daily feed DM intake, long eating and chewing times, short resting time, great frequencies of defecation, urination and drinking of water, more numbers of boluses and chews, long ruminating time per bolus, low feed value index, low eating and high ruminating efficiencies (p<0.05) and similar chewing efficiency (p>0.05). Considering all these results, the wet TMR feeding system induced generally more desirable eating and ruminating behaviors of growing Hanwoo steers, but made the barn floor wetter due to more defecation and urination.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.122-131
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• 2001

Pakistan being the 6$^{th}$ largest sugar producer has over 75 sugar mills with annual production capacity of about 2.4 million tons during 1996-97. The contribution of Sindh with 27 sugar mills is recorded over 50% of the total sugar production. The majority of the mills in Pakistan use the Defecation-Remelt-Phosphitation (DRP; 24 mills), Defecation-Remelt-Carbonation (DRC; 21 mills) and Defecation-Remelt Carbonation and Sulphitation (DRCS; 11 mills) process. Seven of the 75 sugar mills in Pakistan also produce industrial alcohol from molasses, a by- product of sugar manufacturing process. These sugar industries also produce fly ash, which have been found to contain unburned carbon and reach as far as four-kilo meter area with the wind direction, threatening the community health of people living around, besides posing other aesthetic problems. The untreated wastewater, in many cases, finds its way to open surface drains causing serious threat to livestock, flora and fauna. One study showed that fly ash emitted from the chimneys contain particle size ranging from 38 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 1000 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. About 50 per cent of each fly ash samples were above 300 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size and were mostly unburned Carbon particles, which produced 85% weight loss on burning in air atmosphere at 1000${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. This fly ash (mostly carbon) was the main cause of many health and aesthetic problems in the sugar mill vicinity. The environmental challenge for the local sugar mills is associated with liquid waste gaseous emission and solid waste. This paper discusses various waste recycling technologies and practices in sugar industries of Pakistan. The application of EM technology and Biogas technology has proved very successful in reusing the sugar industry wastewater and mud, which otherwise were going waste.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : Constipation is a common digestive disorder and enema is one of the external intervention for constipation. Coffee enema was originated by Dr. Gerson for the purpose of colon cleansing and detoxification. However there has been no study about the effect of coffee enema on constipation. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of coffee enema on constipation in the terms of constipation degree and satisfaction questionnaire. Methods : 42 patients were treated of the coffee enema 2 times a week. The constipation score(Constipation Assessment Scale) and frequency of defecation were checked 3 times (before treatment, 1 week and 1 month later). The satisfaction score was also checked 1 week and 1 month later. The interval differences of constipation score between pre- and post-treatment according to body mass index were also analyzed. Results and Conclusions : The constipation scores, frequency of defecation scores checked 1 week and 1 month later were significantly(p<0.01) improved as compared with those before the treatment. The satisfaction scores were close to 'moderately satisfied' 1 week and 1 month later. The scores of 6 parameters in constipation assessment scale, frequency of defecation scores and satisfaction scores were maintained until 1 month later. There was no significant difference in the change of constipation scores between normal BMI and overweight group. 4.2% of the patients reported adverse effects, which were nausea, abdominal distension each.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.649-660
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 중환자실 환자를 대상으로 케어비데로봇을 이용한 배설간호가 실금관련 피부염, 욕창위험도, 생리적 지표(혈청 알부민, 단백질, 헤모글로빈, 림프구 변화)에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구대상은 종합병원 중환자실에 입실한 환자들을 대상으로 케어비데로봇 ((주)큐라코)을 이용하여 실험군에게는 케어비데로봇을 1인당 1대씩 장착하고 실금이 발생 될 시 작동하게 하여 건조 완료하였으며, 대조군에게는 실금이 발생될 시 물티슈로 닦고 자연 건조를 시키는 방법으로 1주간 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, t-test, repeated measured ANONA로 분석하였다. 연구결과 실금 관련 피부염, 욕창 위험도, 알부민, 림프구는 집단간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구는 케어비데로봇을 이용한 배설간호가 피부 점막에 미치는 효과를 과학적 근거인 생리적 지표로 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 대상자 확대를 통한 추후 연구가 더욱 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

본 연구는 자일로바이오스 함유 설탕 섭취가 젊은 여성의 변비 개선효과를 확인하기 위해 실시하였다. 20~29세 여성 31명을 대상을 이중맹검법을 적용하여 7% 자일로바이오스 함유 설탕 시료 (XBS, n = 15)와 7% 자일바이오스 함유 설탕을 포함한 커피믹스 시료 (XBS coffee mix, n = 16)를 1일 2회씩 6주간 섭취하도록 하였다. 시료 섭취 결과 배변 횟수는 시료 섭취 전 XBS 2.13회/주, XBS coffee mix 1.56회/주에서 시료 섭취 1주차부터 증가하여 시료 섭취 6주차에는 각각 3.73회, 3.56회로 증가하였다. 또한 XBS와 XBS coffee mix 시료 모두 섭취 후 배변의 양, 복부 잔변감, 복통의 증상이 유의적으로 개선되었고, 변비의 상태를 진단할 수 있는 CSS 점수 역시 시료 섭취 전 XBS 10.53점, XBS coffee mix 10.75점에서 시료 섭취 후 1주차부터 유의적으로 감소하였고, 시료 섭취 6주차에 XBS 7.22점, XBS coffee mix 6.51점으로 3점 이상 낮아졌다. 즉, 시료 섭취 전에 비해 시료 섭취 후 유의적으로 CSS 점수가 낮아진 것으로 보아 7% 자일로바이오스 함유 설탕 섭취가 변비를 지속적으로 개선하는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 설문조사 방법을 통해서 배변 및 변의 상태를 평가한 것으로 화학적 지표성분 변화에 대한 평가를 수행하지 않았다는 한계는 존재하나 설탕보완재 역할을 지닌 자일로바이오스를 7% 정도 설탕에 첨가할 경우 변비를 개선하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으므로 시판되는 다양한 종류의 가공식품에 기능성 감미료로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of the meridian massage on constipation and stress in the patients with stroke. Methods: The subjects of this study were 31 patients with stroke who were hospitalized at the K oriental medical center. They were determined by Rome II criteria and the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). The experimental group were treated meditation massage for 10minutes daily for 2 weeks. To evaluate the effect of meridian massage, the degree of constipation was measured using the frequency of defecation per week and the scores of CAS, and the degree of stress was measured using the Stress Scale. The collected data were analyzed by with the SPSS 12.0 for windows program. Results: The experimental group had significantly more increase of defecation frequency than the control group. The experimental group had significantly more decrease of CAS score than the control group. 3) In the score of stress, there was no significant difference between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention for the management of constipation of patients with stroke.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.342-349
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to develop data for a hygiene promotion program for elders living on rural islands. Method: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Results: Most of the elders reported brushed their teeth and washing their faces twice a day. For other types of washing, 98.8% of reported washing their hands after the toilet and 22.8% reported washing their anus after defecation. Most of the elders reported changing their underwear two to three times a month and cutting their nails more than four times a month. Itchiness was reported by 24%. There were significant differences according to age for teeth brushing, face washing, shampooing, bathing, washing hands after the toilet, and cutting nails. According to sex, there were significant differences in teeth brushing, face washing, washing hands after using the toilet, washing anus after defecation, changing underwear, cutting nails, and feeling itchy. The elders showed significant differences in bathing, changing underwear, and cutting nails according to subjective economic status. They showed significant differences in teeth brushing and changing underwear when they lived with their families. Conclusion: In order to develop a proper hygiene promotion program for the elderly, their age, sex, and physical condition should be considered as well as their environmental, economical, and geographical condition.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.664-673
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of meridian acupressure on constipation in bed-ridden aged inpatients. Methods: The research design was a non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 28 bed-ridden aged inpatients. Meridian acupressure was administered to the experimental group at 30 minutes before breakfast every morning for two weeks. Each meridian was pressured for 10 seconds, 10 times. The frequency of defecation and stool form were examined every day. The data was analyzed by the $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The experimental group given Meridian Acupressure had a higher frequency of defecation(F = 59.372, p = .000) and normal stool(F = 46.046, p = .000) than the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that Meridian Acupressure was an effective method for the relief of constipation for bed-ridden aged inpatients. A follow -up research is needed to validate that other patients with constipation can use the Meridian Acupressure as a non-invasive nursing intervention instead of a laxative or enema.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors of colon polyps. Methods: The subjects were 180 adults enrolled from examinees who underwent colonoscopy at the health promotion center and OPD in Ulsan University Hospital. The risk factors were collected by a self-reporting standardized questionnaire and medical records. Data analysis involved chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of colon polyps was 41.6%. The risk factors for colon polyps were significantly increased by the cases of subjects more than 50 years old (OR, 9.213; CI, 3.291-25.789), subjects who didn't have any regular high-intensity exercise (OR, 4.762; CI, 1.387-16.351), subjects whose intake of fruits was less than once per a week (OR, 5.938; CI, 1.069-32.985) and subjects who showed irregular defecation (OR, 3.066; CI, 1.178-7.980). Conclusion: This study suggests that eating habits and proper exercise, which promote a normal habit of defecation so as to be helpful in preventing colon polyps.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2013

Purpose: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model was proposed by the World Health Organization for enhancing interdisciplinary communication. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional status of acute stroke patients using ICF core sets-short form. Methods: A set of 15 ICF items on functional status was used by nurses for their daily nursing assessment on functional status in 44 acute stroke patients in a university hospital. Results: The highest level of function was "consciousness", while the lowest was "defecation". Compared with functional status on the first day, consciousness, ingestion, language (mental), and defecation functions were significantly improved on the 14th day. However, there was no significant changes in items on activity and participation or environmental functions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the function-specific nursing interventions for acute stroke patients need to be developed. Future research needs to test the usefulness of ICF items as an measurement tool.