• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.308-308
• /
• 2016

기후변화는 하천 수문특성을 변화시켰으며, 이로 인해 홍수와 가뭄과 같은 자연재해로 인한 피해와 발생빈도가 점차 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 기후변화에 대비한 유역관리를 위해 유역특성을 고려한 정확한 수문예측이 요구되고 있다. 다양한 유역특성 중에서 수문곡선의 감수부는 유역의 토성, 경사, 대수층 특성 등에 영향을 받는다. 하지만 대부분 유출 모의 모형에서는 이를 고려하지 않고 유역 전체가 동일한 감수특성을 가지고 있다고 가정하여 모의를 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 미계측 유역에서의 유출 모의가 가능한 Soil and Water Assessement Tool(SWAT) 모형을 활용하여 소유역 별 수문곡선의 감수부 특성이 기저유출 모의 결과에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. alpha factor는 SWAT 모형의 다양한 매개변수 중 한가지로 수문곡선의 감수부 특성을 나타내는 매개변수이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소유역 중에서 실측 유량자료가 활용 가능한 소유역에 대하여 Web-based RECESS를 통해 alpha factor를 직접 산정하였다. 이렇게 산정한 alpha factor를 SWAT 모형에 적용하여 유출 모의를 한 뒤 모의 결과로부터 기저유출을 분리하였다. SWAT 모형의 기본 입력값(default value)을 적용에 따른 기저유출 분리결과와 실측 유량자료로부터 산정된 alpha factor 적용에 따른 기저유출 분리결과를 비교한 결과 실측 유량자료로부터 산정된 alpha factor를 적용 시 기저유출 모의 결과가 실제 기저유출에 더 가까운 값을 나타내었다. 하지만 alpha factor의 산정 방법 특성 상 실측 유량자료 부재시 이를 산정할 수 없다는 한계점이 있다. 이에 실측 유량자료를 이용한 기존의 alpha factor 산정 방법을 대체할 수 있는 alpha factor 산정 방법을 개발한다면 정확한 기저유출 모의가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.128-135
• /
• 2010

The main purpose of this study was to develop the greenhouse gas emission factor for power plant using sub-bituminous coal. In Korea, Fired power plant are a major source of greenhouse gases within the fossil fuel combustion sectors, thus the development of emission factors is necessary to understand the characteristics of the national specific greenhouse gas emission and to develop nation specific emission factors. These emission factors were derived from the $CO_2$ concentrations measurement from stack and fuel analysis of sub-bituminous coal. Caloric value of sub-bituminous coal used in the power plants were 5,264 (as received basis), 5,936 (air-dried basis) and 6,575 kcal/kg (dry basis). The C emission factors by fuel analysis and $CO_2$ concentration measurement was estimated to be 26.7(${\pm}0.9$), 26.3(${\pm}2.8$)tC/MJ, respectively. Our estimates of C emission factors were comparable with IPCC default value.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine a financial distress premium in the emerging market. A risk-return trade-off of negative book equity (NBE) and distress firms is empirically analyzed using data from the Stock Exchange of Thailand. This research employs Ohlson's (1980) bankruptcy model as a measurement of distress risk. The results indicate that distress firms outperform solvent firms in the Thai market and deny distress anomaly often found in the developed market. Fama-Frech (1993) three-factor model and Carhart (1997) four-factor model verify the existence of a distress premium in the Thai capital market. Risk-seeking investors demand greater compensation for bearing risks of distress firms' going concern. This paper provides fresh evidence that default risk is a significant explanatory factor in pricing stocks in the emerging market. Also, this study sheds light on the role of NBE firms in asset pricing. Most studies eliminate NBE firms from their sample. However, NBE firms yield superior average cross-sectional returns, albeit with higher volatility. Investors are rewarded with distress risks associated with NBE firms. The outperformance of NBE firms is statistically significant when compared to the overall market. The NBE premium disappears when factoring size, value, and momentum in time-series analysis.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.63-76
• /
• 2023

Identity and access management in cloud computing is one of the leading significant issues that require various security countermeasures to preserve user privacy. An authentication mechanism is a leading solution to authenticate and verify the identities of cloud users while accessing cloud applications. Building a secured and flexible authentication mechanism in a cloud computing platform is challenging. Authentication techniques can be combined with other security techniques such as intrusion detection systems to maintain a verifiable layer of security. In this paper, we provide an interactive, flexible, and reliable multi-factor authentication mechanisms that are primarily based on a proposed Authentication Method Selector (AMS) technique. The basic idea of AMS is to rely on the user's previous authentication information and user behavior which can be embedded with additional authentication methods according to the organization's requirements. In AMS, the administrator has the ability to add the appropriate authentication method based on the requirements of the organization. Based on these requirements, the administrator will activate and initialize the authentication method that has been added to the authentication pool. An intrusion detection component has been added to apply the users' location and users' default web browser feature. The AMS and intrusion detection components provide a security enhancement to increase the accuracy and efficiency of cloud user identity verification.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2012

This paper presents the short-term and long-term measures to determine the fugitive dust concentration in a contaminated site, which is a crucial step for the determination of particulate emission factor (PEF) for risk assessment. As a long-term measure, USEPA method employing Q/C value (inverse of the ratio of the geometric mean air concentration to the emission flux at center of a 0.5-acre square source) seems to be suitable as it reflects regional-specific meteorological conditions. However, it requires nation-wide database collection and interpretation. Use of ASTM method is an alternative as a short-term measure. The method is readily field-applicable as PEF calculation equation is simple and input parameters can be easily derived at the site of interest as well without the nation-wide efforts. Using ASTM method, PEF at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was determined. According to various mode of aggregate size distribution and fractions of vegetative cover, which are the most important factors in PEF calculation, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site varied greatly. When the mode of aggregate size distribution was set at 0.25 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 5~20 times higher than the default PEF value (i.e., 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$) shown in the current Korean Soil Contamination Risk Assessment Guidance. On contrast, when the mode was set at 2 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 160~640 times lower than the default PEF value in the Korean Guidance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.439-446
• /
• 2014

Many studies on methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from livestock industries have revealed that livestock production directly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation and manure management, which causes negative impacts on animal environment sustainability. In the present study, three essential values for GHG emission were measured; i.e., i) maximum $CH_4$ producing capacity at mesophilic temperature ($37^{\circ}C$) from anaerobically stored manure in livestock category ($B_{0,KM}$, Korean livestock manure for $B_0$), ii) $EF_{3(s)}$ value representing an emission factor for direct $N_2O$ emissions from manure management system S in the country, kg $N_2O-N$ kg $N^{-1}$, at mesophilic ($37^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic ($55^{\circ}C$) temperatures, and iii) $N_{ex(T)}$ emissions showing annual N excretion for livestock category T, kg N $animal^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, from different livestock manure. Static incubation with and without aeration was performed to obtain the $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions from each sample, respectively. Chemical compositions of pre- and post- incubated manure were analyzed. Contents of total solids (% TS) and volatile solid (% VS), and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decrease significantly in all the samples by C-containing biogas generation, whereas moisture content (%) and pH increased after incubation. A big difference of total nitrogen content was not observed in pre- and post-incubation during $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions. $CH_4$ emissions (g $CH_4$ kg VS-1) from all the three manures (sows, layers and Korean cattle) were different and high C/N ratio resulted in high $CH_4$ emission. Similarly, $N_2O$ emission was found to be affected by % VS, pH, and temperature. The $B_{0,KM}$ values for sows, layers, and Korean cattle obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ are 0.0579, 0.0006, and 0.0828 $m^3$ $CH_4$ kg $VS^{-1}$, respectively, which are much less than the default values in IPCC guideline (GL) except the value from Korean cattle. For sows and Korean cattle, $N_{ex(T)}$ values of 7.67 and 28.19 kg N $yr^{-1}$, respectively, are 2.5 fold less than those values in IPCC GL as well. However, $N_{ex(T)}$ value of layers 0.63 kg N $yr^{-1}$ is very similar to the default value of 0.6 kg N $yr^{-1}$ in IPCC GLs for National greenhouse gas inventories for countries such as South Korea/Asia. The $EF_{3(s)}$ value obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were found to be far less than the default value.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 2014

In this study, greenhouse gas emission of magnesium industry was estimated and the reduction potential of the greenhouse gas emission was evaluated with reduction technologies. Default value of IPCC guideline was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission and $SF_6$ alternatives were considered in reduction potential. Import of magnesium ingot was 22,806 ton in 2013, which will be expected to increase to 81,700 ton with 20% rate in 2020. Magnesium ingot was consumed to produce magnesium alloy in diecasting process. Recently, commercial production of crown magnesium and magensium plate began. Based on ingot consumption, $CO_2$ emission of domestic magnesium industry was estimated to 504,000 ton, which is about 0.79% of domestic industrial emissions. Reduction potential of diecasting process was estimated to 489,320 ton by changing SF6 to alternative gases such as HFC-134a, Novec-612. Emission factor of Tier 3 level should be developed to enhance the accuracy of greeenhouse gas emission of magnesium industry.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.262-270
• /
• 2015

In this paper existing buildings, not a new buildings and house for living people not just a displaying and a viewing, created by the imagine effect or virtual simulation was applied various Active and Passive elements. After constructing zero-energy houses, through default case happened during operation period it is described problems and solutions about field part, work classification, installation by Location part, and Installation equipment part. Since then, to take advantage of this thesis, it's the purpose of this paper using as the baseline data for building a zero-energy house in another similar case.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회지
• /
• pp.102-103
• /
• 2004

[ $\bigcirc$ ] In the growth simulation without changing of module with ORYZA2000, dry matter, LAI and leaf nitrogen content(FNLV) were estimated well under high nitrogen applicated condition, but overestimated under low nitrogen applicated condition. $\bigcirc$ Nitrogen stress factor on the SLA was introduced into ORYZA2000 because especially overestimated LAI under low nitrogen applicated condition was originated from SLA decrease with leaf nitrogen(FNLV) decrease. $\bigcirc$ In the growth simulation with modified SLA modified module, LAI was estimated well under even low nitrogen applicated condition, but dry matter was hardly changed compared with default. $\bigcirc$ Simulated plant nitrogen content and dry matter have no clear difference between modules, but compared with observed values, panicle weight(WSO) and rough rice yield(WRR14) were overestimated under high nitrogen applicated because of lodging, pest, disease and low nitrogen use efficiency.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2020

Exposure assessment methodology for outdoor air inhalation pathways (i.e., inhalation of volatile compounds and fugitive dust in outdoor air) was investigated. Default values of several parameters currently used in Korea (e.g., Q/C; inverse value of concentration per unit flux, and frs; soil fraction in PM10) may not be suitable and lack site-specificity, as they have been adopted from the risk assessment guidance of the United States or the Netherlands. Such limitation can be addressed to a certain degree by incorporating the volatilization factor (VF) and the particulate emission factor (PEF) with Box model. This approach was applied to an exposure assessment of a site contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons in Korea. The result indicated that the suggested methodology led to more accurate site-specific exposure assessment for outdoor inhalation pathways. Further work to establish methodology to determine site-specific Q/C values in Korea needs to be done to secure the reliability of the exposure assessment for outdoor air inhalation pathways.