• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1988-1992
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• 2010

4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole copper complex (4-ATzCu) was synthesized, and its thermal behaviors, nonisothermal decomposition reaction kinetics were studied by DSC and TG-DTG techniques. The thermal decomposition reaction kinetic equation was obtained as: $d\alpha$ / dt =$10^{22.01}$ (1-$\alpha$)[-ln(1-$\alpha$)]$^{1/3}$ exp($-2.75\times10^4$ /T). The standard mole specific heat capacity of the complex was determined and the standard molar heat capacity is 305.66 $J{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$ at 298.15 K. The entropy of activation $({\Delta}S^{\neq})$, enthalpy of activation $({\Delta}H^{\neq})$, and Gibbs free energy of activation $({\Delta}G^{\neq})$ are calculated as 171.88 $J{\cdot}mol^{-1}{\cdot}K^{-1}$ 225.81 $kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ and 141.18 $kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, and the adiabatic time-to-explosion of the complex was obtained as 389.20 s.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 전구체 용액의 산화환원 발열반응을 이용하여 다성분계 산화물을 제조할 수 있는 용액연소합성법을 이용하여 페로브스카이트 구조 PZT 세라믹스를 합성하고자 하였다. 산화제/환원제 전구체 혼합물의 열분석(DTA/TG) 결과 산화제와 환원제의 열분해 거동의 차이로 인해 214$^{\circ}C$와 35$0^{\circ}C$에서 발열 피크가 나타났다. PZT세라믹스 합성을 위한 승온 과정에서는 37$0^{\circ}C$에서 연소반응이 일어났으나, 페로브스카이트로의 상전이는 일어나지 않았다. 용액연소과정 중 산화제와 연료의 열분해 거동을 고려하여 $600^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 생성물은 결정크기가 50nm인 정방정의 단일상으로 이루어진 PZT세라믹스이었다. 격자상수를 측정한 결과 a는 3.997$\pm$0.001 $\AA$이었으며, c는 4.147$\pm$0.001 $\AA$으로 나타났다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.21-24
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• 2003

In general, to enhance physical properties of PET-layered silicate nanocomposites $(P_{et}LSNs)$, it has been well known that the organic modifiers should introduce into gallery regions. However, the organic modifiers in$(P_{et}LSNs)$ may result in thermal decomposition by melt processing at high temperature, and it necessarily lead to deteriorate various physical properties of final products. Therefore, in this study, $(P_{et}LSNs)$ excluding and including organic modifiers were prepared by solution method $(S-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and S-P_{et}LSNs_{iom})$ and we (focused on the effects of the organic modifiers in $P_{et}$ LSNs with exfoliation structure on the crystallization behaviors, the optical transparency, the thermal stability and the mechanical property. The absence and existence of organic modifiers in $S-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and S-P_{et}LSNs_{iom}$ were investigated by EA and TGA, and nano-structure of silicate layers in $S-P_{et}LSNs$ was evaluated by using WXRD, SAXS and TEM. $S-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and S-P_{et}LSNs_{iom}$ were mixed with neat PET as masterbatches by melt method $(M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and M-P_{et}LSNs_{iom})$, and also neat PET was mixed with organically modified layered silicates (OLS) by conventional direct melt method $(D-P_{et}LSNs) at 270^{\circ}C$. As results, it was found that $M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom}, M-P_{et}LSNs_{iom}, and D-P_{et}LSN$ showed a exfoliated structure and exhibited faster crystallization rate, better thermal stability and mechanical property than those of neat PET due to the dispersed and detaminated silicate layers in PET matrix. Whereas, considering organic modifiers effect, $M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom} and D-P_{et}LSN$ exhibited slower crystallization rate, poorer optical, thermal and mechanical properties, in comparison to $M-P_{et}LSNs_{eom}> due to the thermal decomposition of organic modifier in $D-P_{et}LSNs$ during melt method.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

본고는 우리나라 항만별 승용차 수출행태의 차이를 밝히는데 목적을 둔다. 수출은 미국의 경기와 미국 달러의 일본 엔화표시 환율의 함수로 한다. 경제이론에 의하면 미국 경기의 상승은 우리나라 항만의 승용차 수출의 증가로 나타나며, 엔화 환율의 상승은 엔화 가치하락에 따른 일본 승용차의 가격경쟁력 상승으로 우리의 승용차 수출이 감소한다. 먼저 항만별 수출모형의 안정성을 GPH 기법을 이용하여 모형의 안정성을 확보한 후 오차수정계수를 도출하여 항만간 계수의 차이가 크며, 군산항에서 가장 작고 울산항에서 가장 크다는 것을 밝힌다. OLS를 이용한 모형의 추정을 통해 3개 항만의 수출행태가 경제이론과 일치한다는 것을 보인다. 그리고 예측오차의 분산분해를 통해 항구별 승용차 수출이 경기와 환율에 대해 내생변수라는 것과 역사적 분해를 통해 경기쇼크가 3개 항만 수출변동의 주요 변수라는 것을 밝힌다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Learning behaviors of a radial basis function network (RBFN) using a singular value decomposition (SVD) and stochastic gradient (SG) algorithm, together named RBF-SVD-SG, for odor sensing systems are analyzed, and a fast training method is proposed. RBF input data is from a conducting polymer sensor array. It is revealed in this paper that the SG algorithm for the fine-tuning of centers and widths still shows ill-behaving learning results when a sufficiently small convergence coefficient is not used. Since the tuning of centers in RBFN plays a dominant role in the performance of RBFN odor sensing systems, our analysis is focused on the center-gradient variance of the RBFN-SVD-SG algorithm. We found analytically that the steadystate weight fluctuation and large values of a convergence coefficient can lead to an increase in variance of the center-gradient estimate. Based on this analysis, we propose to use the least mean square algorithm instead of SVD in adjusting the weight for stable steady-state weight behavior. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm have shown faster learning speed and better classification performance.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2002년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.265-268
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• 2002

In this work, the blend system of epoxy and PMR-15 polyimide is investigated in terms of the cure behaviors and thermal stabilities. The cure behaviors are studied in DSC measurements and thermal stabilities are also carried out by TGA analysis. DDM (4, 4'-diamino diphenyl methane) is used as curing agent for EP and the content of PMR-15 is varied within 0, 5, 10, 35, and 20 phr to neat EP. As a result, the cure activation energy ($E_a$) is increased at 10 phr of PMR-15, compared with that of neat EP. From the TGA results of EP/PMR-15 blend system, the thermal stabilities based in the initial decomposed temperature (IDT) and integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) are increased with increasing the PMR-15 content. The fracture toughness, measured in the context of critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$) and critical strain energy release rate ($G_{IC}$), shows a similar behavior with $E_a$. This result is probably due to the crosslinking developed by the interactions between intermolecules in the polymer chains.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2008

Activated carbon/$TiO_2$ (AC/$TiO_2$) composites modified with different concentrations of Fe were prepared. The $N_2$ adsorption data showed that the composites had decreased surface area compared with the pristine activated carbon. This indicated the blocking of the micropores on the surface of AC, which was further supported by observation via SEM. XRD results showed patterns for the composites and an anatase typed titanium dioxide structure with a small part of rutile in a higher Fe concentration (> 1.0 mol/L). EDX results showed the presence of C and, O, with Ti peaks on the composites of Fe-AC/$TiO_2$ with relatively lower Ti concentration, which may be due to the higher Fe concentration incorporated into the composites. Subsequently, the photocatalytic effects on methylene blue (MB) were investigated. The improved decomposition of MB showed the combined effects of adsorptions and photodegradation. Especially, the composites modified by Fe revealed enhanced photodegradation behaviors of MB.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2022

Steel-concrete-steel composite structures with bidirectional webs (SCSBWs) are used in large-scale projects and exhibit good mechanical performances and constructional efficiency. The shear behaviors of SCSBW deep beam members in key joints or in locations subjected to concentrated forces are of concern in design. To address this issue, experimental program is investigated to examine the deep-beam shear behaviors of SCSBWs, in which the cracking process and force transfer mechanism are revealed. Compared with the previously proposed truss model, it is found that a strut-and-tie model is more suitable for describing the shear mechanism of SCSBW deep beams with a short span and sparse transverse webs. According to the experimental analyses, a new model is proposed to predict the shear capacities of SCSBW deep beams. This model uses strut-and-tie concept and introduces web shear and dowel action to consider the coupled multi mechanisms. A stress decomposition method is used to distinguish the contributions of different shear-transferring paths. Based on case studies, a simplified model is further developed, and the explicit solution is derived for design efficiency. The proposed models are verified using experimental data, which are proven to have good accuracy and efficiency and to be suitable for practical application.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2000

인쇄회로기판제조에 사용되는 glass/epoxy 프리프레그의 경화거동을 dielectrometer와 시차주사열분석기를 사용하여 연구하였다. 브롬화한 에폭시수지를 많이 포함하고 있는 본 프리프레그는 약 115$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮은 이온점도를 보였으며, 이 이후 경화반응의 진행과 함께 점도가 15$0^{\circ}C$까지는 상승하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 이것은 이 프리프레그의 경화반응이 115$^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 개시됨을 의미하며, 이 온도 이후부터 가속화된 분자간 가교화반응을 통해서 분자량이 현저히 커짐을 의미한다. 본 프리프레그의 dynamic scan에 따른 loss factor 및 tan $\delta$ 값을 측정하였다. 또한 실제 인쇄회로기판 제조에 사용하는 경화주기에 준하여 동일한 실험을 수행하여 그 거동을 비교하였다. 성형한 복합재료는 약30$0^{\circ}C$까지는 열적으로 안정한 것으로 나타났으며 이 온도 이후에서 급격한 열분해 반응이 진행되었다.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2001

Tribological behaviors of a borate of triethanolamine in water solution were evaluated using a four-ball wear tester. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to study tribochemical species on worn scars of steel balls. Results show that a thick deposit layer was produced on the worn scars, which came from the decomposition of the borate. The surface film on the worn scars was mostly consisted with H$_3$BO$_3$, B$_2$O$_3$and large amounts of ferricyanides.