• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

The decocting method of herbal medicines is various with a prescription or herbal medicine's characteristics. But it has common principles by which effective elements can be easily extracted with synergistic actions of herbs and which the therapeutic effect of a medicine is amplified. When decocting a herbal medicine, the volume of water is an important factor. Fire for decocting drugs and decocting time are also important factors. The excessive water and unproper decocting time and temperature can reduce the effect of the decoction. Besides a better decoction can be obtained by squeeze. According to herbal medicine's characteristics and prescription, there are herbs that should be treated after a specific method. For example, decoct first and decoct later. It also affects the therapeutic if a right taking method is not carried out. Methods of taking drugs include both the time and the method. We can confirm these decocting and taking methods in the ancient medical literatures of herbal medicine. This article deals with these things in detail.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-37
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• 2000

This is a study on the methods of decocting prescriptions in SANGHANRON (傷寒論), and after this, numbers of results have been obtained. SANGHANRON was written by Chang-Ki (張機) in the 2nd century, so it reflexes the usage of prescriptions of previous age indirectly. And gave affects on the methods of decocting prescriptions to the oriental medicine doctors of next generation.Berore Han-DYnasty(漢代), there were not so many publications connected with Oriental Medicine. Besides, some books couldn't hand down to next generation due to the gap of time and space. As time goes by, letters in medical books changed little by little, so contents connected with decocting methods changed too. The effects of decoction and herb tea can be changed by the flexibility of methods of decocting medicines, so we have to decide what kinds of decocting methods should be taken and adapted to patients by the most effective way.In SANGHANRON, there are many kiny kinds of boiling methods, so DHAMG-Ki selected the most appropriate method considering deree and position of disease and condition of patient. But nowadays, due to inconvenient procedure of boiling and taking medicines, some methos are not in common in clinical medicin. So this study was started to look back upon the changes of decocting prescriptions and gave deffort to find out the propriety of variation of boiling prescriptions.The common method of decocting prescriptions in SANGHANRON is boiling down all the herbs at the same time. Except the commom method, there are some kinds of other methods - boiling down twice the prescription, boiling down some special herbs earlier of later than other herbs, complicated or special boiling methods of extract, etc. These kinds of decoting methods simplified as time pass by, but this expected therapeutic value. So we have to distinguish the methods -though complicated and troublesome- in clinical medicine to make perfection more perfect in treating patients, and further studies have to be followed to prove the propriety of these complicated methods.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2019

Objectives : To broaden understanding of "Shanghanlun", this paper analyzes and interprets its Post-formula instructions(方後注文). Methods : From the contents of Post-formula instructions that follow formulas in "Shanghanlun", the effects, administration instructions, decocting methods are examined specifically. Based on annotators's interpretations, the author provides his understanding. Conclusions & Results : The treatment principle of sweat inducive formulas is 'to induce subtle sweating(微似汗)'. Meanwhile, in the case of Inner water and fluid retention(水飮內停), 'sweating(汗出)' is expressive of healing. Among the emetic formulas in the "Shanghanlun", the meaning of 'vomiting(得吐者)' in the descriptions of Zhizichitang(梔子豉湯), is that the stagnated heat in the chest area has been relieved, letting the Qi communicate upwards. In terms of formula administration, besides the usual 2~3 times a day method, there is '頓服法' for immediate effects; three times within six hours application method in cases where the exterior symptoms are extremely severe or the stagnation of exterior pathogen is severe; 6 times a day or continuous application day and night regardless of frequency. In terms of decocting methods, there is '再煎法' to have the formula's effects not be biased or too strong; the decocting method of Dahuanghuanglianxiexīntang where the formula is brewed momentarily in order to cool the immaterial pathogenic heat. Moreover, when there is disease in the chest, Dahuang is brewed first to soften its effects. When there is disease in the abdomen area, Dahuang is added later to quicken its effects. In the case of Guizhirenshentang, to maximize the effect of Guizhi, it was suggested that Guizhi is added later.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assume the size of one piece and decocting method of Asini Corii Colla in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases written at the Eastern han Dynasty. Methods : I assumed the size of one piece and decocting method based on Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and Prescriptions of the Gold Chamber, Essential Skill to Benefit the People, Classified Emergency Materia Medica, Illustration and Consideration of Plant's Name and Reality, Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold, and other articles about Asini Corii Colla. And I compared these results with current merchandize in China, Dong-e E-jiao, China Resuorces DongeEjiao, and Furen Medicine Group Co., LTD. Results : Asini Corii Colla was made of the skin of cattle in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases written at the Eastern han Dynasty. The weight of one Asini Corii Colla is equal to 6.5 g, which is equal to one rayng of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. The size of it is 3.5 cm in width, 9.0 cm in length and 0.17 cm in height. The specific gravity of it was 1.24. The general daily dose was two rayng and also melted in solution. Conclusions : It was easy to measure daily dose two rayng due to weight of one Asini Corii Colla, one rayng is equal to 6.5 g, and also to melt in solution becauase of its rectangular shape and 0.17 cm thickness.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to assume the size of sliced piece, daily dose and extracting Method of Rhubarb in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases.Methods : I contrast results of recent studies with assuming results based on original text of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases.Results : Daily dose was 6, 4 or 2 Ryang in case of cutting Rhubarb in bean-size. These prescriptions were decocted with water or sinked in boiled water. Another daily doses were large baduk-piece size 6 units and baduk-piece size 6 units in case of cutting Rhubarb in size bigger than bean. The former was used in adding to the Jisilchijasi-tang in case of constipation, the latter was used in Sihogayonggolmoryeo-tang and Jeodang-tang. The size of large baduk-piece was 2.32 cm in width, 4.64 cm in length, 4.3 g in weight, and the length and weight of baduk-piece was half of that was. Two sizes of Rhubarbs were sunk in water for 12 hours. After decocting the other ingredients, mixed Rhubarb extraction and Rhubarb, and then boiled it for 1 minute.Conclusions : From this study, daily dose of Rhubarb was 6, 4 or 2 Ryang and the 6 pieces of large baduk-piece or baduk-piece are respectively 4 or 2 Ryang. The extracting methods was decocting, sinking in boiled water for short time, sinking in water for long time and then mixing these with other decocted solution.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2001

수증기로 찐 다음 뜨거운 물로 추출한 인삼 추출물과 뜨거운 물로만 추출한 인삼 추출물을 대상으로 갈변화 정도와 라디칼 소거활성을 검토하였다. 그결과 수증기로 찌는 것이 물속에서 가열하는 것보다 갈변화 반응이 더 많이 진행되며, 그 추출물의 항산화작용도 더 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 차이는 수삼보다 백삼을 원료로 사용한 경우가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2002

This study was conducted to provide basic data for policy of Oriental medicine by analyzing community resident's consciousness of taking herb medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from 1478 residents from March 2, 2001 to May 31, 2001. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) The rate of experience of taking herb medicine was 85.2%(88.2% of 'male'; 82.5% of 'female'). It appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'the married', 'housewife', and 'Buddhist'. As the age increased, so the rate of experience of taking herb medicine was significantly high. 2) In case of purpose of taking herb medicine, taking herb medicine as a restorative(66.8%) was much higher than taking it as a curative medicine. 3) 52.1% of the respondents satisfied with the effect of herb medicine. The groups of 'male', 'older age', 'residents in a big city', 'insurant in company', and 'the employed' showed significantly high rate in satisfying with herb medicine than the other groups. 4) According to the reason for preferring herb medicine, 36.7% of the respondents preferred herb medicine because the herb medicine was effective, while 27.8% preferred it because its side effect was low. 16.7% preferred it because persons around them recommended it. 5) 42.6% of the respondents did not want to take the herb medicine because the price of the herb medicine was high. Also 20.6% of the respondents did not want to take herb medicine because it is uneasy to take herb medicine. 15.8% did not want to take it because certain food should not be taken during the period of taking it. 9.4% did not want to take it because it tasted bitter. 6) In case of opinions on side effects of herb medicine, 40.8% of the respondents thinks that herb medicine is free from side effects, while 37.5% thinks that it causes side effects. There were significant difference in the opinions on side effects by sex, age, marital status, resident area, education level, occupation, and type of health insurance. 7) 60.7% of the respondents thinks the price of herb medicine is not resonable, while only 10.9% thinks it is resonable. 8) 45.2% of the respondents uses packs of decocted herbs although they think the packs of decocted herb are a little low effective because decocting herbs in home is bothersome. 45.2% uses packs of decocted herbs because they are convenient, being not related to the effect. 7.6% takes medicinal herbs after decocting them in a clay pot because they think the packs of decocted herbs have low effect. 51.9% does not know whether taking herb medicine in summer is effective or not because the effect is different according to their physical constitutions. 35.5% thinks that taking herb medicine is summer is effective because their physical stamina is weakened after sweated a lot, while 12.6% thinks that it is not effective because the effect of herb medicine disappears with sweat. 9) According to the level of satisfaction with Oriental medical care, the respondents marked $3.47{\pm}0.64$ points on the base of 5 points. It was significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'the married, resident in a big city', 'highschool graduate', 'the unemployed', 'office clerk', 'growing up in a big city', 'insurant in region', and 'the middle class'. 10) According to the result of a regression analysis of factors influencing preference for herb medicine, the factors displayed significant difference by sex, age, education level, health status, and times of receiving Oriental medical care. As shown in the above results, the community residents satisfy with the effect of herb medicine. Therefore, the method of taking herb medicine without difficulty must be devised. The medicinal herbs in packages need to be included in health insurance coverage and resonable price of herb medicine must be set. Also, education program for community residents must be developed in order to provide right information in herb medicine. Therefore, related public authority, associations, and professionals must make efforts, forming organic cooperative system.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-53
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide basic data for policy of Oriental medicine by analyzing community residents' consciousness of taking herb medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from 1478 residents from March 2, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 52.3% of the subjects was 'female'; 25.0% 'fifties of age'; 21.4% 'forties of age'; 20.9% 'thirties of ages'; 69.1% 'married'; 60.1% 'resident in a big city'; 12.1% 'residents in a small town or village'; 39.0% 'highschool graduate'; 35.9% 'above college graduate'; 23.4% 'housewife'; 23.4% 'professional' 34.1% 'Buddhist'; 81.1% 'middle class'. 2. The rate of experience of taking herb medicine was 85.2%(88.2% of 'male'; 82.5% of 'female'). It appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'the married', 'housewife', and 'Buddhist'. As the age increased, so the rate of experience of taking herb medicine was significantly high. 3. In case of purpose of taking herb medicine, taking herb medicine as a restorative(66.8%) was much higher than taking it as a curative medicine. Taking herb medicine as a curative medicine appeared to be significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'thirties of age', 'resident in a town or village', 'above college graduate', 'professional technician', 'Christian', and 'the upper class'. 4. 52.1% of the respondents satisfied with the effect of herb medicine. The groups of 'male', 'older age', 'residents in a big city', 'insurant in company', and 'the employed' showed significantly high rate in satisfying with herb medicine than the other groups. 5. According to the reason for preferring herb medicine, 36.7% of the respondents preferred herb medicine because the herb medicine was effective, while 27.8% preferred it because its side effect was low. 16.7% preferred it. because persons around them recommended it. The preference for the herb medicine displayed significantly higher rate in the groups 'sixties of age', 'the unmarried', 'resident in a big city', 'office clerk', and 'the lower class'. 6. 42.6% of the respondents did not want to take the herb medicine because the price of the herb medicine was high. Also 20.6% of the respondents did not want to take herb medicine because it is uneasy to take herb medicine. 15.8% did not want to take it because certain foods should not be taken during the period of taking it. 9.4% did not want to take it because it tasted bitter. 7. In case of opinions on side effects of herb medicine, 40.8% of the respondents thinks that herb medicine is free from side effects, while 37.5% thinks that it causes side effects. There were significant difference in the opinions on side effects by sex, age, marital status, resident area, education level, occupation, and type of health insurance. 8. 60.7% of the respondents thinks the price of herb medicine is not resonable, while only 10.9% thinks it is resonable. 9. 14.2% of the respondents thinks health foods which contain herbs are good, while 16.8% thinks it is bad. 76.7% thinks that medicinal herbs in packages must be included in health insurance coverage, while only 3.0% thinks it needs not be included in health insurance coverage. 10. 45.2% of the respondents uses packs of decocted herbs although they think the packs of decocted herb are a little low effective because decocting herbs in home is bothersome. 45.2% uses packs of decocted herbs because they are convenient, being not related to the effect. 7.6% takes medicinal herbs after decocting them in a clay pot because they think the packs of decocted herbs have low effect. 11. According to the level of satisfaction with Oriental medical care, the respondents marked $3.47{\pm}0.64$ points on the base of 5 points. It was significantly higher in the groups of 'male', 'the married, resident in a big city', 'highschool graduate', 'the unemployed', 'office clerk', 'growing up in a big city', 'insurant in region', and 'the middle class'. 12. According to the result of a regression analysis of factors influencing preference for herb medicine, the factors displayed significant difference by sex, age, education level, health status, and times of receiving Oriental medical care. As shown in the above results, the community residents satisfy with the effect of herb medicine. Therefore, the method of taking herb medicine without difficulty must be devised. The medicinal herbs in packages need to be included in health insurance coverage and resonable price of herb medicine must be set. Also, education program for community residents must be developed in order to provide right information in herb medicine. Therefore, related public authority, associations, and professionals must make efforts, forming organic cooperative system.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.17-41
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• 2016

Subjects : A literature research on the constitution and medicinal effect & adaptation diseases of "Bullsusan". "Bullsusan" is a herbal prescription composed of Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸) and Cnidii Rhizoma(川芎). Objectives : Through the researching on the records of "Bullsusan" in Korean Traditional Medical Books, gain the literature evidence for adaptation to these days child labor as a pre-labor keeping herbal medicine. And have detailed consideration on the constitution of prescription and medicinal effect & adaptation diseases of "Bullsusan". Methods : First, researched the records of "Bullsusan" in Korean Traditional Medical Books which were included at A Series of Korean Medicine(韓國醫學大系) and analysed component ratio, nickname, herbal manufacture and drug processing method, medicinal effect and adaptation diseases. Second, referred related Korean and Chinese researches that examined the medicinal effect and adaptation diseases of "Bullsusan" by scientific experimentation. Conclusions : We found total 46 records of "Bullsusan" from 20 kinds of Korean Traditional Medical Books included at A Series of Korean Medicine. Prescription component ratio of Angelicae Gigantis Radix and Cnidii Rhizoma were 3:2, 1:1, 2:1, 1:1. 3:2 had most 20 records and 1:1 had second 14 records. Especially 1:1 had a tendency of having nickname "Goonguitang", but not must had. First herbal manufacture was powder, it had 8 records. First drug processing method was decocting with water and alcohol, had 19 records. Medical Effects of "Bullsusan" can be induced to next 8, that were "remove get bad blood, give birth new blood", "easy labor by reducing fetal volume", "acceleration of labor", "test of fetal survival, elimination of dead embryo", "elimination of placenta", "revive", "allaying pain", "nourish the blood". From these medical effects, 9 adaptation diseases can be induced. That were "threatened abortion", "womb ache and vaginal bleeding by spontaneous abortion", "pre-labor keeping(prevention of hard labor)", "acceleration of labor", "hard labor", "missed abortion", "postnatal vaginal bleeding, dizziness, asthma, headache, womb ache", "postnatal mastoptosis and mastodynia", "first aid symptom like as dizziness, unconsciousness, stroke caused by excessive bleeding". The medical effect of "acceleration of labor" and "elimination of placenta" have been examined by modern clinical research. The effect of "remove get bad blood, give birth new blood", "allaying pain" and "nourish the blood" have been examined by modern experimental study. But overdosing on "Bullsusan" to pregnant mouse can cause natural abortion, so the proper dose of "Bullsusan" in pregnant period is very important.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.616-623
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• 1996

음양곽 성분 중에서 icariin, magnoflorine을 분리하고 이를 표준품으로 음양곽 추출액의 이들 성분에 대하여 HPLC를 이용한 정량법을 수립하였으며 이 성분들의 추출효율을 여러 가지 추출조건하에서 검토하고 그 함량을 분석 하였다. Icariin은 0.1-0.4 mg/ml 농도에서, magnoflorine은 0.02-0.1 mg/ml 농도에서 아래와 같은 조건으로 정량 분석하였다. Icariin의 HPLC조건 :칼럼, LiChrosorbRPl8; 용출용매, MeOH/water/acetic acid (60 : 40 : 0.5); 검출기, 자외부 흡광광도계; 측정파장, 270 nm; 주사량, $25\;{\mu}l$. Icariin의 retention time은 7.37 min으로 다른 성분과도 잘 분리되었다. Icariin 0.1-0.4 mg/ml 50% (v/v)에탄올 용액에 대해 검량선을 작성하여(n=8) 직선을 얻었으며 그 회귀선은 y = -1.4+18296x이고 correlation coefficient (r)=0.9999로 1.00에 매우 접근하였다. Magnoflorine의 HPLC 조건 : 칼럼, LiChrosorb RP18; 용출용매, MeOH/80 mM $Na_{2}\;HPO_{4}/water$ (35 : 35 : 30); 검출기, 자외부 흡광광도계; 측정파장, 270nm ; 주사량, $25\;{\mu}l$. Magnoflorine의 retention time은 11 min이고 $2{\sim}10\;mg/100\;ml$ 50% 에탄올용액을 표준액으로 검량선을 작성하여 직선상의 검량선을 얻었으며(n=6) 그 회귀직선은 y = -0.02+5.7X이고 correlation coefficient (r)=1.0079로 1.00에 근접하였다. 음양곽의 추출용매로 물 또는 50% (v/v)에탄올을 사용하고 추출온도, 추출시간을 달리하였을 때 icariin, magnoflorine, 엑기스의 추출효율을 분석하였다. Icariin은 $50{\%}$ 에탄올($80^{\circ}C$, 1시간)로 추출하였을 때와 물($100^{\circ}C$, 3시간)로 가열 추출하였을 때 거의 같은 정도로 추출되었으나 magnoflorine은 50% 에탄올로 추출하였을 때 더 많이 추출되었다. 반면에 음양곽의 엑기스량은 50% 에탄올로 추출하였을 때 가장 적었고 물로 추출하였을 때는 추출시간이 길면 길수록 더 많았다. 음양곽을 직접 차(茶)로 음용할 때의 추출 조건에서는 icariin 및 magnoflorine의 추출 효율이 약 25%이므로 음양곽 엑기스로 가공한 차제제가 더 바람직하다고 생각된다. 음양곽 중에 icariin및 magnoflorine의 함량은 각각 0.94, 0.16%임을 처음으로 분석하였다.