• 시큐리티연구
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• 제8호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2004

In modern society, the enterprises or the public organization have devised consistent means and methods with keen competition in high intelligence, high specialization and high competition for surviving in the struggle for existence. In the rapidly changing modern society like that, guard services are not free any more in the simple business. It will be survived only with consistent self-development and various abilities. Recently, it is on a trend that the enterprise including venture business requires the man of ability having many-sided thought, knowledge and capacity. That is, the era of a man with multi-function has come. The guards engaged in their present posts have to make efforts self-development consistently. And they have to work for self-development with theoretical knowledge acquirement about the expert knowledge escaping from simple function and business. The constitution including universities that train the guard should not adjust to the demand of quantitative manpower required in the enterprise organization with the training of the guard with simple functions only. It needs settlement as a curriculum with technology like ideology and knowledge breaking from short curriculum centered on function only in order to come to stay the recognition about guard services as expert services that the industrial society requires. The education centered on simple function should be replaced in the use of a high school, private academy and special guard institution. In addition, it requires a quality as the auxiliary, division, decision-making and spokesman according to the business role. Also, it requires the martial arts capacity, the communicative capacity, the sports or reports capacity, the guard driving capacity, the policy and assistant capacity and the information and analysis capacity, etc in individual. Lastly, it need each guard's change of cognition most of all. As part of the guard's adaptive plan according to the social change, it was enumerated like the mentioned above. It is important for the guard to prepare for the change of era and to build up quality and capacity before anything else.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2005

Purposes： This study was to examine the effects of empowerment education programs on empowerment and mental health in high school students. Methods： This study involved a nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The subjects for this study consisted of 421 high school students who attended two general high schools in Busan. The 211 students in the experimental group received empowerment education training, while the 210 students in the control group did not. The data were collected from March 2, 2004 to July 20, 2004. The empowerment education program consisted of 17 separate 50-minute sessions. The questionnire was developedby authors and revised it based on experts' advice. SPSS 11.0 program was used to analyze the data. Chi-square test and t-test were used to test the homogeneity of general characteristics and dependent variables. Student's t-test was used to evaluate the differences between the experimental group and control group after the treatment. Results： Just as we hypothesized, the experimental group exhibited higher empowerment scores than the control group. For subcategory, Score of self-efficacy and self-esteem increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, the score of decision-making ability did not increase significantly. The data failed to support our second hypothesis that the experimental group would have higher mental health scores than the control group. Although the score of self-scale increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group, the score of social-support and psychopathology did not. Conclusions： Empowerment education programs are effective for empowerment of high school students. However, such training is effective only for promoting the self scale but not overall mental health. Thus, we suggest the application of the empowerment education program to make high school students aware of their abilities. Furthermore, we suggest the implementation of mental health programs to supplement such empowerment education programs.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2013

본 연구는 일 대학 간호과와 비 간호과 학생의 생명의료윤리 의식을 파악하여 대학생들의 올바른 생명윤리 의식 함양에 필요한 윤리교육의 방향과 교육과정 내용을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 생명의료윤리 의식은 4점 만점에 간호과 학생들이 평균 3.04점으로 비 간호과 학생들의 2.88점보다 높았고 이들 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=6.79, p<.001). 두 그룹간에 태아의 생명권, 태아진단, 신생아 생명권, 안락사, 장기이식, 뇌사영역에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 대상자들의 생명의료윤리 의식에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 간호과에서는 한 학기 이상 윤리관련 수업 경험 유무, 생명윤리 관련 문제로 고민한 경험 유무, 윤리적 가치관이었고, 비 간호과는 학년으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 대상자들의 낮은 생명의료윤리 의식은 각 학과별로 기본적인 생명윤리 교육부터 고학년으로 올라갈수록 체계적이고 복합적인 윤리적 사고 판단과 의사결정 능력, 가치관 고취를 위한 교육과정을 통해 충족되어야 할 것이다. 추후 생명의료윤리 의식의 하위영역별 집중연구나 질적 연구를 제언한다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was performed to examine study on the relationship between communication ability and teamwork competency of EMT students. Method : The results were based on the revised questionnaires, which can be applicable to EMT from the using questionnaires by Canary et $al^{10)}$ and $Bu^{11)}$, with a sample of 163 students consisting of 55 first, 48 second and third 60, conducted on October 10, 2008. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14.0 in terms of means, $x^2-test$, standard deviation, one way ANOVA, and correlation. Results : The communication competency was statistically significantly different between three groups. In the area of adaptability, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of effectiveness, there were no statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of appropriateness, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. The cooperative learning was statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of team conversation, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of cooperation and collision management, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. In the area of cooperation and collision management team decision making, there were statistically significant difference between three groups. As a results of correlation analysis, there was correlation of communication and cooperative learning. Conclusion : This results showed that education of communication and cooperative learning must be instructed to EMT students. Consequently, It is necessary to make a further application tool of EMT.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2016

Background: Deficiencies in the ability to maintain balance are common in elderly. Augmented feedback such as knowledge of results (KR) can accelerate learning and mastering a motor skill in older people. Objects: We designed this study to examine whether one session of Wii-Fit game with self-regulated KR is effective for elderly people, and to compare the effect of two different timings of self-regulated KR conditions. Methods: Thirty-nine community-dwelling elders, not living in hospice care or a nursing home, participated in this study. During acquisition, two groups of volunteers were trained in 10 blocks of a dynamic balancing task under the following 2 conditions, respectively: (a) a pre-trial self-regulated KR ($n_1=18$), or (b) a post-trial self-regulated KR ($n_2=21$). Immediate retention tests and delayed retention tests of balancing performance were administered in 15 minutes and 24 hours following acquisition period, respectively. Results: In both groups, significant improvements of balancing performances scores were observed during the acquisition period. Regardless of the group, mean of balancing performance scores on retention tests were well-maintained from the final session. There were no significant differences between groups in balancing performance scores during the acquisition period (p>.05); however, the post-trial self-regulated KR group exhibited significantly higher balancing performance scores in both the immediate retention test and delayed retention test than that of the pre-trial self-regulated KR group (p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, subjects who regulated their feedback after a dynamic balancing task, during the acquisition period, experienced more efficient motor learning during the retention period than did subjects who regulated their feedback before a dynamic balancing task. Accordingly, in case of presenting the KR of motor learning in clinical settings to elders who reduced dynamic balance abilities, the requesting time of KR is imperative according to self-estimation processes as well as types of KR and practice.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.179-191
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of father’s role performance and self-esteem of adolescents, to investigate the relation between the father’s role performances recognized by adolescents and the self-esteem of adolescents, and to present the basic data for showing the importance of father’s role in increasing the adolescents’self-esteem. The subject of this survey was 795 male and female students of the second grade in Kwangju middle and high schools. The questionnaire was used for this study as a means of measuring. The results of this study were as follows：1. The degrees of father’s role performances were considered ‘82.19 points’out of 125 by adolescents but rather high by the female students, it didn’t have any significant difference between the male students and female. 2. The degrees of adolescents’ self-esteem were ‘51.17 points’out of 85 on the whole. But specifically, the degrees of adolescents’self-esteem of the male students were higher than those of the female students. This self-esteem of adolescents caused significant differences in the right to the decision-making and the father’s occupation only. 3. The influence of father’s role performances on the adolescents’self-esteem was found very high, and more influence were showed by the female students than by the male students. 4. The order in the effective poser of variables on the adolescents’self-esteem was as following； the role in command and harmony, the sex, the economic role, the role in intellectual ability development. In conclusion, father’s role performance were found to be important variables on the conform adolescents’self-esteem.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2004

PISA의 두 번째 주기에 해당되는 PISA 2003에서는 문제해결 영역에 대한 평가가 새로이 도입되었다. PISA 2003 본검사 문제해결 영역에서는 (1) 의사결정, (2) 체제 분석 및 설계, (3) 문제점 해결 등의 세 가지 문제해결 유형에 따라 학생들의 범교과적 문제해결 능력을 평가하였다. 본 논문에서는 PISA 2003 본검사에 포함된 문제해결 영역문항들에 대한 우리나라 학생들의 정답률을 살펴보고, 문제해결 문항들 중 개방형 서술형 문항에 대한 학생들의 답안을 상세하게 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 우리나라 학생들은 그림이나 그래프로 표상하는 과제에 취약하며, 긴 문장으로 제시된 지문 해석에서 어려움을 겪은 것으로 보인다. 또한, 우리 나라 학생들에게는 다소 낯선 맥락이나 소재를 활용한 과제의 경우 낮은 정답률을 기록하였다. PISA 2003 문제해결 영역을 분석한 결과가 과학교육에 주는 시사점도 논의하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.773-791
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• 2016

교사의 주목하기 능력은 교수의 질을 결정하는 중요한 요소 중의 하나로 언급되어 오고 있다. 주목하기는 수업 중 이루어지는 교사의 순간적인 의사결정과 밀접히 관련되어 있으며, 다차원성과 동시성의 특징을 가진 수업 상황에서 교사는 능동적으로 환경을 만들고 상호작용하면서 주목하기를 실행한다. 수학 교사가 전문가로서 수업 상황에서 주목해야만 하는 중요한 측면 중의 하나는 학생의 수학 학습이다. 이에 본 연구는 학생들이 목표로 하는 수학적 지식을 학습하면서 보일 수 있는 전형적인 전략과 어려움 등을 예상하고 적절한 대응을 예측해보는 교사의 사전 주목하기 활동이 실제 수업에서 학생의 학습에 대한 교사의 주목하기에 어떻게 반영되어 드러나는지를 조사하였다. 그 결과 오개념이나 오류를 이해 형성의 기회로 활용하는 주목하기, 학생들의 사전지식에 기초하여 학습기회 창출을 시도하는 주목하기, 학생들의 불완전한 추론을 개선하기 위한 주목하기의 세 가지 형태로 교사의 주목하기가 실행되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 사전 주목하기 활동이 실제 수업에서 발생하는 교사 주목하기에 미치는 긍정적인 영향과 학생들의 학습을 돕기 위해 교사들이 주목해야만 하는 측면들에 대한 교사의 인식을 강화시키기 위해 사전 주목하기 전략이 유용할 수 있음을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.521-525
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• 2015

Bacteremia and sepsis are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with incorrect or delayed diagnoses being associated with increased mortality. New tests or markers that allow a more rapid and less costly detection of bacteremia and sepsis have been investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the cutoff value of the neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) according to procalcitonin (PCT) level in the decision-making processes for bacteremia and sepsis. In addition, other white blood cell subgroup parameters, which are assessed in all hospitals, for bacteremia and sepsis were explored. This retrospective study included 1,468 patients with suspected bacteremia and sepsis. Patients were grouped according to the following PCT criteria: levels <0.05 ng/ml (healthy group), 0.05-0.5 ng/ml (local infection group), 0.5-2 ng/ml (systemic infection group), 2-10 ng/ml (sepsis group), and >10 ng/ml (sepsis shock group). One important finding of this study, which will serve as a baseline to measure future progress, is the presence of many gaps in the information on pathogens that constitute a major health risk. In addition, clinical decisions are generally not coordinated, compromising the ability to assess and monitor a situation. This report represents the first study to determine the limits of the use of NLR in the diagnosis of infection or sepsis using a cutoff value of <5 when sufficient exclusion criteria are used.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.515-530
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• 1996

A descriptive study was conducted to describe the content of nursing interventions and incoming telephone calls from the parents whose child was discharged to home or who has planned immunization during the period from March 15, 1995 to November 30, 1995. Detailed notes on 145 telephone calls and 243 nursing interventions were recorded by head nurses on pediatiric nursing units were entered to data collection and content analysis. The results of the study are as follows : 1. Six analysis categories for the records on incoming telephone calls were identified judgement-dependence, dependent -coping, self-initiated coping, support, adjustment and intermediation need. 2. Five analytic categories for the records on telephone interventions were identified : guidance, mediation, facilitating self -care abilities, support, instrumental use. 3. Problems related to physical signs and symptoms, medication, immunization, and vital signs were most often cited as concerns by parents and caregivers. 4. Instruction, suggestion, provision knowledge and information, reassurance related to physical problems, medication, immunization and clinic visits were most often used as an nursing interventions by head nurses on pediatric nursing units. In spite of the fact that the telephone calls were initiated by the parents, dependency of parents during the telephone calls was remarkable. The dependency of parents on judgement and decision making of the pediatric nurses should be understood in terms of the psychosocial content as well as cultural characteristics. Therefore, it is suppested that telephone interventions focus on facilitating the self-care ability of the parents whose children have chronic conditions. The results of this study will be useful as an essential reference in providing effective for children and their families after discharged from the hospital. The results can also be used as reliable data for extended pediatric nursing service in the health care delivery system as well as for the development of telephone intervention service program in responding to the current health care environment.