• 농촌계획
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2007

The first theme of this study is to preserve and manage rural multi-functionality resource Information. This study is to suggest the method that can irradiate rural multi-functionality resource Information efficiently and constructively. GIS uses PDA and Tablet PC as an investigation tool and verifies the outcome of the development in the investigation system. This study enhanced the mobility function of PDA by installing recording system and camera to the PDA. Also, Using GPS has been ensured scientific precision and realism to the investigation. Direct input on spot can save time, cost and minimize human error by simplifying the investigation process. Database is composed of characters like scale, form, location, distance, resident's opinion and image of 37 resources. The survey system was applied in 170 villages and got a total of 12,270 resources data. Management system should be easy to input and output the surveyed information and to get reports in any kind of form ( i.e. final result can be produced as a map). By utilizing of the Rural Resource information system, the study made a simulation to compare the target areas before and after. Also, digitalized investigation system, minimized re-input and reprocessing of data and enabled to simplify and standardize the process than memorandum investigation. Data collected through digital system could offer people useful information by Web-GIS. It was need to specify practical way in decision-making and a way to measure the value of resources to align with the regional plan. Also, need to keep on developing statistical data and application program that can connect us to present the best solution to support regional planning. Therefore, quality of data is very important. Finally, it is very important to develop various programs to analyze space md rural resource by monitoring rural environment.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 2015

태풍, 홍수와 같은 자연재해 발생 시 영상을 기반으로 댐, 보, 교량과 같은 수변 구조물의 피해정보의 정량적인 분석이 가능하면, 피해복구 및 의사결정의 지원에 큰 도움이 된다. 본 연구에서는 수변 구조물의 피해 분석을 위한 초기 과정으로 UAV를 활용한 수변 구조물의 3차원 정보의 획득을 시도하였고, 생성된 DSM의 정확도를 검증하였다. DSM의 생성을 위해 스테레오 기반의 영상정합 기술을 적용하였으며, 각각의 스테레오 정합결과를 생성 후 이를 모자이크하여 최종 DSM을 생성하였다. LIDAR에서 취득한 DSM과 비교하여 정확도를 검증했으며, 처리결과 전체 영역에서 3m 내외의 RMSE 수치가 나옴을 확인하였다. 오류의 원인을 분석해 본 결과, 생성된 DSM은 센서모델을 수립할 때에 필요한 EO 파라메터의 영향을 많이 받음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이후 정확한 GCP의 적용 및 인터폴레이션, 후처리 등의 기술의 개발을 통해 더욱 신뢰할 수 있는 DSM의 생성 시도를 해야 할 것이다. 그리고 본 연구의 목표에 맞게 실제 피해지역에서의 시뮬레이션을 통해 DSM을 이용한 정량적인 피해 분석에 대한 연구를 수행해야 할 것이다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.303-314
• /
• 2011

Surface albedo is an important parameter of the surface energy budget, and its accurate quantification is of major interest to the global climate modeling community. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the direct solution of kernel based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models for retrieval of normalized reflectance of high resolution satellite. The BRD effects can be seen in satellite data having a wide swath such as SPOT/VGT (VEGETATION) have sufficient angular sampling, but high resolution satellites are impossible to obtain sufficient angular sampling over a pixel during short period because of their narrow swath scanning when applying semi-empirical model. This gives a difficulty to run BRDF model inferring the reflectance normalization of high resolution satellites. The principal purpose of the study is to estimate normalized reflectance of high resolution satellite (RapidEye) through BRDF components from SPOT/VGT. We use semi-empirical BRDF model to estimated BRDF components from SPOT/VGT and reflectance normalization of RapidEye. This study used SPOT/VGT satellite data acquired in the S1 (daily) data, and within this study is the multispectral sensor RapidEye. Isotropic value such as the normalized reflectance was closely related to the BRDF parameters and the kernels. Also, we show scatter plot of the SPOT/VGT and RapidEye isotropic value relationship. The linear relationship between the two linear regression analysis is performed by using the parameters of SPOTNGT like as isotropic value, geometric value and volumetric scattering value, and the kernel values of RapidEye like as geometric and volumetric scattering kernel Because BRDF parameters are difficult to directly calculate from high resolution satellites, we use to BRDF parameter of SPOT/VGT. Also, we make a decision of weighting for geometric value, volumetric scattering value and error through regression models. As a result, the weighting through linear regression analysis produced good agreement. For all sites, the SPOT/VGT isotropic and RapidEye isotropic values had the high correlation (RMSE, bias), and generally are very consistent.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.341-354
• /
• 2018

The one of the principles described in ICH E9 is that only results obtained from pre-specified statistical methods in a protocol are regarded as confirmatory evidence. However, in multi-regional clinical trials, even when results obtained from pre-specified statistical methods in protocol are significant, it does not guarantee that the test treatment is approved by regional regulatory agencies. In other words, there is no so-called global approval, and each regional regulatory agency makes its own decision in the face of the same set of data from a multi-regional clinical trial. Under this situation, there are two natural methods a regional regulatory agency can use to estimate the treatment effect in a particular region. The first method is to use the overall treatment estimate, which is to extrapolate the overall result to the region of interest. The second method is to use regional treatment estimate. If the treatment effect is completely identical across all regions, it is obvious that the overall treatment estimator is more efficient than the regional treatment estimator. However, it is not possible to confirm statistically that the treatment effect is completely identical in all regions. Furthermore, some magnitude of regional differences within the range of clinical relevance may naturally exist for various reasons due to, for instance, intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Nevertheless, if the magnitude of regional differences is relatively small, a conventional method to estimate the treatment effect in the region of interest is to extrapolate the overall result to that region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects produced by this type of extrapolation via estimations, followed by hypothesis testing of the treatment effect in the region of interest. This paper is written from the viewpoint of regional regulatory agencies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제10권11호
• /
• pp.5476-5496
• /
• 2016

Energy efficiency of resource-constrained wireless sensor networks is critical in applications such as real-time monitoring/surveillance. To improve the energy efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, the time series data can be compressed before transmission. However, most of the compression algorithms for time series data were developed only for single variate scenarios, while in practice there are often multiple sensor nodes in one application and the collected data is actually multivariate time series. In this paper, we propose to compress the time series data by the Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) approximation. We show that, our approach can be naturally extended for compressing the multivariate time series data. Our extension is novel since it constructs an optimal projection of the original multivariates where the best energy efficiency can be realized. The two algorithms are named by ULasso (Univariate Lasso) and MLasso (Multivariate Lasso), for which we also provide practical guidance for parameter selection. Finally, empirically evaluation is implemented with several publicly available real-world data sets from different application domains. We quantify the algorithm performance by measuring the approximation error, compression ratio, and computation complexity. The results show that ULasso and MLasso are superior to or at least equivalent to compression performance of LTC and PLAMlis. Particularly, MLasso can significantly reduce the smooth multivariate time series data, without breaking the major trends and important changes of the sensor network system.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.657-665
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 음성 및 데이터 트래픽에 대한 비트오율 성능이 CDMA 방식의 IMT-2000 시스댐에서 역방향 링크의 시뮬레이션 결과에 의해서 평가되었다. 역방향링크에서 시률래이션은 ITU-R에서 제시한 욕내, 도보, 그리고 차량 환경에 대하여 수행되었다. 또한 시뮬레이션에서 BER 성능을 향상시키기 위한 기술로 1.6념-Iz 전력 제어, 5-tap FIR 필터를 이용한 페이딩신호의 진폭과 위상 추정, 그리고 연판정 Viterbi 및 Reed-Solomon 복호 등이 적용되었다. 시뮬레이션 결과로는 최적의 파일롯전력 대비 트래픽전력의 비, 핑거수에 따른 BER 성능, 그리고 $10^{-6}$ BER에서 길쌍부호와 Concatenated 부호와의 성능비교를 제시하고 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제6권9호
• /
• pp.1057-1077
• /
• 2010

An early detection of structural damages is critical for the decision making of repair and replacement maintenance in order to guarantee a specified structural reliability. Consequently, the structural damage detection, based on vibration data measured from the structural health monitoring (SHM) system, has received considerable attention recently. The traditional time-domain analysis techniques, such as the least square estimation (LSE) method and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) approach, require that all the external excitations (inputs) be available, which may not be the case for some SHM systems. Recently, these two approaches have been extended to cover the general case where some of the external excitations (inputs) are not measured, referred to as the adaptive LSE with unknown inputs (ALSE-UI) and the adaptive EKF with unknown inputs (AEKF-UI). Also, new analysis methods, referred to as the adaptive sequential non-linear least-square estimation with unknown inputs and unknown outputs (ASNLSE-UI-UO) and the adaptive quadratic sum-squares error with unknown inputs (AQSSE-UI), have been proposed for the damage tracking of structures when some of the acceleration responses are not measured and the external excitations are not available. In this paper, these newly proposed analysis methods will be compared in terms of accuracy, convergence and efficiency, for damage identification of structures based on experimental data obtained through a series of laboratory tests using a scaled 3-story building model with white noise excitations. The capability of the ALSE-UI, AEKF-UI, ASNLSE-UI-UO and AQSSE-UI approaches in tracking the structural damages will be demonstrated and compared.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 1988

본 연구는 소음전파에 대한 옥외실험과 축적 음향모형실험에 의해서 지표면에 의한 초과감쇠 특징을 밝힌 것으로써, 옥외실험에 의한 소음전파감쇠는 음향출력이 큰 소형엔진을 사용하여, 거리감쇠로부터 산출한 실측의 초과감쇠와 Log(D/(Hs+Hr))의 관계를 확인했다. 그 결과 소음전파감쇠는 풍향, 주파수에 따라 다르며 직선회귀 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 지표면상의 초과감쇠치는 통기저항을 이용해서 Log(D/Hs+Hr))을 파라미터로써 구할 수 있었고, 가장 적당한 통기저항$\sigma$는 실측의 초과감쇠치와 임의의 $\sigma$에 대한 $L=-20Log\mid1+(r_1/r_2)Qexp(ik, \bigtriangleup r)\mid$ 식의 평균자승 오차가 가장 적어질 때 결정된다. 모형의 지표로써 축척 1/40의 모형실험으로, 큰 무향실내에서 거리감쇠의 측정을 한 결과, 실측치와의 대응이 충분하다는 것을 확인했다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.561-581
• /
• 2017

Bayesian statistics can play a key role in the design and analysis of clinical trials and this has been demonstrated for medical device trials. By 1995 Bayesian statistics had been well developed and the revolution in computing powers and Markov chain Monte Carlo development made calculation of posterior distributions within computational reach. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiative of Bayesian statistics in medical device clinical trials, which began almost 20 years ago, is reviewed in detail along with some of the key decisions that were made along the way. Both Bayesian hierarchical modeling using data from previous studies and Bayesian adaptive designs, usually with a non-informative prior, are discussed. The leveraging of prior study data has been accomplished through Bayesian hierarchical modeling. An enormous advantage of Bayesian adaptive designs is achieved when it is accompanied by modeling of the primary endpoint to produce the predictive posterior distribution. Simulations are crucial to providing the operating characteristics of the Bayesian design, especially for a complex adaptive design. The 2010 FDA Bayesian guidance for medical device trials addressed both approaches as well as exchangeability, Type I error, and sample size. Treatment response adaptive randomization using the famous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation example is discussed. An interesting real example of a Bayesian analysis using a failed trial with an interesting subgroup as prior information is presented. The implications of the likelihood principle are considered. A recent exciting area using Bayesian hierarchical modeling has been the pediatric extrapolation using adult data in clinical trials. Historical control information from previous trials is an underused area that lends itself easily to Bayesian methods. The future including recent trends, decision theoretic trials, Bayesian benefit-risk, virtual patients, and the appalling lack of penetration of Bayesian clinical trials in the medical literature are discussed.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2010

Today, many companies have introduced an ERP system - an enterprise resources planning - in order to improve corporate credibility through transparent management and for quick responses to market situations through quick decision making. After the construction of an ERP system, many companies are having difficulty in calculating the appropriate number of personnel required for running the system because of a lack of standard for doing so, as well as a lack of pertinent procedures. As a result, the companies are having to resort to a trial-and-error approach. Therefore this paper studied a model for calculating the appropriate number of personnel required for efficiently running an ERP system after its construction, as well as for constantly meeting its performance targets. The developed model was applied empirically to calculate an appropriate number of personnel required, and an organization was set up according to this. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present an optimized model for calculating the number of personnel required for operating an ERP system, that which addresses problems of existing models, in order to help companies organize the operation personnel and its size, as well as to provide more objectivity to the calculated number of personnel required and to improve credibility.