• 비교문화연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.55-85
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• 2011

Many States such as Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, California, New Mexico, Florida were obtained either from Spanish Empire or from Mexico. In 1848 due to the Guadalupe-Hidalgo treaty America could obtain half of the original territory of Mexico. American identity cannot be understood without the history of American expansionism further consolidated by the Spanish-American War in 1898, which brought other ex-Spanish colonies such as Guam, Puerto Rico, the Philippines to the US. The US's interest in these territories dates back to the Monroe doctrine in 1823 when Monroe "declared the Americas off-limits to any new European colonization." America justifies their expansion based on the notion of Manifest Destiny which was created by O'Sullivan at the hight of American fever to annex Texas to US. The intent of this paper is to study how Anglo-Saxon and Latin Culture clashed against each other especially right before and after the Spanish-American War. In this study the American hero, Theodore Roosevelt and Latin American hero, $Jos{\acute{e}}$ Martí will be compared, though they did not meet each other during the Spanish-American war due to Marti's early death in 1895 at the battle for the Cuba Libre. Their comparison is significant in that the former represents the American expansionist spirit and the latter the spirit of Anti-imperialism and Anti-Anglocentrism. Along with the concept of Manifest Destiny of America, 'American exceptionalism' is also mentioned which motivates U.S. to expand further even after the Spanish-American war in the form of 'informal imperialism' characterized by 'gunboat politics'of the US. These discussions will draw attention to how recent theorists such as Bryce Traister criticizes the Border Theory represented by $Jos{\acute{e}}$ David Saldívar. Here the Border Theory is criticized to repeat the discourse of the globalized capitalism which prefers the weak state and the transnational aspects by focusing on the in-betweenness of the border. In the end the paper will focus on how the Border theory as represented by Saldivar is political enough and sets up a resistant example against American expansionism of today in its focus on the call for pan-American and pluri-versal subjectivity of the borderlands. This point will be supported by a discussion of how Saldivar's view is confirmed by Walter Mignolo who advocates the "bottom up" resistance of the indigenous people of Chiapas and other social forums such as World Social Forum and the Social Forum of the Americas derived from the Zapatistas' movement whose motto is "A World in which many world co-exist."

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Beginning in the Wei-Chin and Liu Ch´ao era(AD. 220-589), an awareness of natural beauty emerged as the major interest of scholars which created such a social atmosphere that served as the foundation of prosperous Chinese art. During the T´ang period, the desire to achieve natural beauty began to dominate every field of art including gardening. This study covers the T´ang period when scholars began to be conscious of aesthetics. The main objective of this study is to examine the significance of natural beauty as interpreted by Wangwei, an artist representative of the period, and of Wangchuan Villa in relation to aspects of garden theory. This study is mainly based on Wangwei´s anthology, landscape painting describing Wangchuan Villa, and historical records related to the Villa. The summary of conclusions of this study is as follows: 1) Wangwei´s concept of natural beauty is a combination of objective natural beauty and pastoral beauty, which stresses the essential beauty of nature. Moreover, he considered nature as a religious Utopia. 2)Wangchuan Villa, where Wangwei stayed until his death, was a place of seclusion representing his idea of natural beauty. There, he was able to realize the paradise of Buddhism full of zen aspirations. 3)From the perspective of garden theory, Wangchuan Villa can be classified as a suburb villa in terms of location, as a landscape garden in terms of elements, and as a villa based on a typical private land system in terms of forms. In addition, it may be considered as a garden that laid the foundation to realize a field of non-visible image and non-visible landscape, which is fundamental element of scholarly garden design.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2012

Objective : Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations was written by Liu Yude, a doctor who lived during Ming period. I researched the origin of the book, and analyzed the features of it as well. I also approximated his birth date and death date. In doing this, I gained a better understanding the practice of medicine in ancient China. Method : I researched the book by comparing its contents, including the causes of diseases, the descriptions of symptoms, the transmissions of diseases, and treatments, with other sources that he had referenced. Result : In understanding Hwangdineijing, Liu Yude was influenced by many medical scholars such as, Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun, but his opinion is most similar to that of Zhang Jiebin. In the field of the Chinese Medical Theory, he was deeply influenced by 'JinYuan-Sidaijia's theories, particularly Li Gao and Zhu Zhenheng. In fanglun, he was greatly influenced by Yifangkao. He concluded that 'aggregationaccumulation' was a disease of stuffiness, and suggested its cure in through 'yangjingzezichu' and 'treatment of blood aspect'. He recognized the disease of 'reversal of qi' as the disease of 'jiaoqi'. He also indicated that the word of 'qi' is not 'rough' but 'tears' or 'yingfengliulei'. Conclusion : 1. He was an excellent medical practitioner and scholar in the history of oriental medicine. 2. He found and corrected errors in the opinions of Wang Bing, Ma Shi, and Wu Kun. 3. He frequently practiced Taipinghuiminhejijufang, and considered Spleen-Stomach, yin-blood, and fire-heat important. 4. He captured the spirit of Huangdisuwenxuanminglunfang, Neijingshiyifanglun, Yifangkao in views of remedy and theory. 5. Neijingshiyifanglun with additions and emendations is the most comprehensive book about fanglun because of its thorough analysis of the Hwangdineijing and its connection to the treatment of ancient diseases in Oriental Medical History.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.2079-2084
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women and mastectomy comprises 81% of surgeries for treatment of breast cancer. Mastectomy may create feelings such as deformation or impairment in patients, cause body-image disorder, and reduce sexuality and sexual activity which in turn may entail mental disorders. The study aimed to elaborate coping processes. Materials and Methods: A grounded theory method was used in conducting this study. Twenty Iranian participants undergoing mastectomy were recruited with purposive sampling. An open, semi-structured questionnaire were developed. Obtaining consent, conversations were recorded and immediately transcribed after each session. Data analysis was carried out with the constant comparative method using the Strauss Corbin approach. Results: Analyzing the collected data, the study came up with seven main categories which affected the coping process in patients with breast cancer, namely: reactions to mastectomy; loss and death contest; reconstruction of evaluation system; consent for undergoing mastectomy; reactions and troubles after loss; confrontation of loss and health; and reorganization and compatibility with changes. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated: when patients become informed of their breast cancer and the necessity of undergoing mastectomy as the treatment, they probably pass through seven categories to adapt after mastectomy. Having insight about them is likely to contribute medical personnel in leading patients to the highest degree of feeling healthy.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

과속운전은 교통심리학에서 안전과 관련한 중요한 관심사이다. 사망사고와 관련하여 높은 치사율을 보이는 위반행동 중의 하나이며 성, 연령, 주행거리와 같은 운전자 변인들의 영향을 받는 것으로 알려졌다. 그러나 이러한 인구통계적 변인들은 운전자들이 과속운전을 하는 심리적 기제를 충분히 밝히지 못할 뿐만 아니라 운전자 안전교육에도 도움이 되지 않는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간 행동을 설명하는 이론들 중 가장 영향력 있는 이론인 계획된 행동이론(theory of planned behavior)을 중심으로 인구통계적 변인들을 통제하고도 과속운전 행동에 대한 태도와 주관적 규범 및 행동통제력 지각이 과속의도와 과속행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 과속운전과 같은 운전행동은 운전자의 의지와 상관없이 습관적으로 발생할 수 있으므로 과거행동이나 습관과 같은 변인들과 당위, 운전분노 및 충동성을 예측변인으로 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, TPB 변인들로 과속운전 의도와 행동의 예측이 유의하였을 뿐만 아니라, 당위와 운전분노를 제외하고 추가 변인들 모두 과속운전 의도와 행동의 설명변량 증분이 유의하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점 및 과속운전중재 프로그램에 대한 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.29-53
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• 2014

본 연구는 남성독거노인들이 홀로 살아가는 과정에서 겪었던 경제적, 심리사회적, 신체적 고통의 내용과 고립된 삶에서 벗어나기 과정과 재구성된 삶의 의미를 살펴봄으로써 남성독거노인들의 홀로살기를 지원할 수 있는 사회적 지지프로그램구성에 기여하고자 하는 목적을 지니고 있다. 연구주제를 분석하기 위해 해석학적 근거이론방법으로 접근했으며 총6명의 남성독거노인들이 참여했다. 자료는 심층면담을 통해 구성했으며 자료 분석은 Rennie(2007)가 제안한 방식에 따라 분석했다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 의미단위를 분석하고 범주화 작업을 통해 총 12개의 범주를 구성했다. 연구 참여자들의 홀로 살아가는 경험을 관통하는 핵심범주는 "고립의 늪에서 망각한 자기존재를 인수하고 복된 죽음을 준비하기"로 드러났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 남성독거노인의 특성을 반영한 사회적 지지프로그램의 구성, 남성독거노인의 홀로살기를 지원할 수 있는 방안과 의미치료의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

이 연구는 분석심리학적 관점에서 구스타프 융(Jung)의 원형이론의 내용과 클림트(Klimt)의 회화를 중심으로 작품의 특성과 색채가 가지는 의미와 상징성을 살펴보고, 인간의 무의식 속에서 발현되는 심리와 색채의 연관성을 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 융의 원형이론으로 분석해 본 결과 첫째, 클림트의 회화에서 황금색과 노란색의 화려한 장식과 문양은 무의식과 성(性), 그리고 여성의 성(性)으로 욕망을 표출하고, 남녀의 육체적 관계를 에로스와 삶과 죽음으로 표현했다. 둘째, 작품에 나타난 주요색은 푸른색, 검은빛 초록, 황금색, 노란색, 주황색으로 분노와 억압, 열정, 욕구, 희망, 에로티시즘을 나타내고, 주황색과 노란색의 배색은 희망의 내면적 치유 색으로 표현했다. 셋째, 작가 내면의 치유과정으로는 자신을 위한 컬러를 담고 있으며 내면의 '무의식과 의식'을 통합하고, 회화에 표현된 색채가 치유적인 의미뿐만 아니라 내면의 무의식을 의식하는 그것으로 치유로서 가치가 있음을 확인했다. 이에 상담심리 장면에서 색채는 심리표현 전달 도구로 활용하는 데 의미가 있다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제23호
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• pp.275-294
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• 2008

형신사상(形神思想)의 핵심은 인간의 육체와 영혼에 관한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 형(形)과 신(神)은 인간의 생명을 구성하고 있는 두개의 요소로 만일 그 가운데 하나라도 없다면 그것은 살아있는 인간으로 볼 수가 없다. 동진남북조(東晉南北朝) 시기의 사상가들은 '우리들을 구성하고 있는 육체와 영혼이 과연 어떻게 나온 것일까?'라는 의문으로부터 시작하여 '복잡하고 미묘한 정신작용의 본질은 과연 무엇일까?' 그리고 '육체와 영혼은 도대체 어떠한 관계에 있는 것일까?' 또한 '인간이 죽은 뒤에도 그 영혼은 존재하는 것인가 혹은 소멸되는 것인가?' 등의 문제들에 대하여 활발하게 토론과 연구를 진행했었다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제들에 대하여 다음과 같은 내용을 중심으로 분석했다. 먼저, 동진(東晉) 시기의 형신사상(形神思想)에 대하여 종병(宗炳)의 영혼은 음양(陰陽)과 같은 것으로도 헤아려지지 않는 만물 속에 있는 현묘(玄妙)한 것으로서 무시(無始) 이래 정추(精?)의 식(識)으로 나뉘어 계속 존속하는 것이라고 하는 주장. 그리고 하승천(何承天)의 무엇이든 태어나면 죽는 것이며 육체가 없어지면 영혼이 흩어지는 것은 사계절이 계속 바뀌는 것과 같다고 하면서 영혼의 존속을 부정하는 주장들을 '명불론(明佛論)'과 '달성론(達性論)'을 중심으로 당시의 담론으로 형성되었던 '신멸(神滅)'과 '신불멸(神不滅)'의 문제를 집중 분석했다. 다음으로는 남북조(南北朝) 시기의 형신사상(形神思想)에 대하여 소침(蕭琛)의 육체와 영혼은 합하기는 하지만 일체가 되는 것은 아니기 때문에 태어나면 육체와 영혼이 합하여 기능이 생겨나지만 죽으면 육체는 남고 영혼은 떠나버리나 영혼은 항존(恒存)하는 것이라는 주장. 그리고 범진(范縝)의 육체가 영혼의 질(質)이라면 영혼은 육체의 용(用)이라고 하면서 육체가 없다면 영혼 또한 없는 것이니 육체 즉 영혼이라는 주장들을 '난신멸론(難神滅論)'과 '신멸론(神滅論)'을 중심으로 하여 당시 학술계의 화두였던 '신멸(神滅)'과 '신불멸(神不滅)'의 논쟁을 집중 분석했다. 끝으로는 동진남북조(東晉南北朝) 시기에 유행하였던 형신사상(形神思想)의 의의와 그것이 중국철학사 속에서 차지하는 지위와 영향에 대하여 분석하고 조명했다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.178-188
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• 1998

In this paper, I tried to interpretate the matter and form of Chumsungdae, which has been mainly assumed as an facility for astronomical observaton of ancient Shilla dynasty, located on Kyongju, Korea. Basically, I took the thoughts of the place and the theory of cognition on landscape as a research tool, and the research was undertaken through the surveying the physical surroundings of chumsungdae and studying the references related to a myth, thoughts, and a tale of shilla era. This research was anticipated to find out the various symbolic meanings and functions of Chumsungdae and its place, which is somewhat different from the view of scientific uses of it. The matter and form of the Chumsungdae realizes the archetypal form of the well and meanings of petition for agricultural abundance, leading to a wishing for political stability of the nation, especially an authority of a reign of the queen, named Sun-duk who is the first one in Shilla Dynasty. The chumsungdae was located on the very sacred place surrounded by the tumulous and Kyerim forest which was birth and death place of the founder and king of a family of Kim. It does mean that the Chumsungdae was very scared work, and made place with combination of meaning above mentioned and natural environment. Finally, this paper suggested the neighboring area of the Chumsungdae be restored with the forest as an archetypeof old picture and environment of Kyerim.

• 복식
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• 제50권
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• pp.69-84
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• 2000

Th purpose of this study is three folds: to analyze postmodern fashion through the notion of pastiche to enhance an understanding of uncertain and confused situation in the late 1990s and to suggest a way of approach to creativity and originality in recent fashion design. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Pastiche is an art work that borrows some parts of other artists authentic works and recombines them thus imitating their style technique or motifs selfconciously. 2. Pastiche is based onthe Deconstruction theory: the end of art as a result of deconstruction of the subject the collapse of the meaning the loss of history: the late Capitalism in which reality becomes chage into images or simulacre. 3. Pastiche represented by the death of author which means the exhaustion of creativity is shown in the fashion borrowing subculture styles and art works or religious images. Pastiche fashion which is equal to the play of signifiers floated as image is shown as graffiti and objects Time and space pastiche fashion can be explained by historical eclectism and ethnic looks, Finally pastiche means not the fixed aspect but the open concept of indeterminate condition which includes " anything goes" through the coesistence of various style in pastiche fashion.