• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2018

The increased popularity of group-buying deal promotions has made research efforts grasping the importance of involvement on the positive reactions of consumers. This is due to the fact that consumer purchasing behaviors are highly likely to differ depending on a particular consumer's involvement level, referring to the basic interest in or importance of a group-buying purchase. In this regard, this paper (1) investigated the effects of involvement on purchase behaviors; and (2) examined whether the proposed relationships may vary depending on a consumer's deal prone propensity. Results revealed that a consumer's cognitive involvement in a restaurant promotion affects emotional involvement, ultimately leading to purchase intention. In addition, a consumer's deal proneness tendency was revealed to moderate the relationship between cognitive involvement and emotional involvement. Compared to low deal-prone consumers, high deal-prone consumers tended to have a higher level of emotional involvement resulting from cognitive involvement. Managerial implications and directions for future research are provided.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.29-48
• /
• 2014

The recent keyword advertising does not reflect the individual customer searching pattern because it is focused on each keyword at the aggregate level. The purpose of this research is to observe processes of customer searching patterns. To be specific, individual deal-proneness is mainly concerned. This study incorporates location as a control variable. This paper examines the relationship between customers' searching patterns and probability of purchase. A customer searching session, which is the collection of sequence of keyword queries, is utilized as the unit of analysis. The degree of deal-proneness is measured using customer behavior which is revealed by customer searching keywords in the session. Deal-proneness measuring function calculates the discount of deal prone keyword leverage in accordance with customer searching order. Location searching specificity function is also calculated by the same logic. The analyzed data is narrowed down to the customer query session which has more than two keyword queries. The number of the data is 218,305 by session, which is derived from Internet advertising agency's (COMAS) advertisement managing data and the travel business advertisement revenue data from advertiser's. As a research result, there are three types of the deal-prone customer. At first, there is an unconditional active deal-proneness customer. It is the customer who has lower deal-proneness which means that he/she utilizes deal-prone keywords in the last phase. He/she starts searching a keyword like general ones and then finally purchased appropriate products by utilizing deal-prone keywords in the last time. Those two types of customers have the similar rates of purchase. However, the last type of the customer has middle deal-proneness; who utilizes deal-prone keywords in the middle of the process. This type of a customer closely gets into the information by employing deal-prone keywords but he/she could not find out appropriate alternative then would modify other keywords to look for other alternatives. That is the reason why the purchase probability in this case would be decreased Also, this research confirmed that there is a loyalty effect using location searching specificity. The customer who has higher trip loyalty for specificity location responds to selected promotion rather than general promotion. So, this customer has a lower probability to purchase.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.133-151
• /
• 2011

This study investigates the moderating effect of customer type(deal prone/promotion insensitives) on the relationship between perceived values on the reward program of tele-communication firms and customer satisfaction. To test moderating effect, Difference test for distinct parameters in Amos 18.0 program was used. Results show that there is no the moderating effect of customer variable. But both kind of perceived values(utilitarian value and hedonic value) have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. For all customer, utilitarian reward has influenced on the customer satisfaction more than hedonic reward. And for utilitarian reward, promotion insensitives customer has influenced on the customer satisfaction more than deal prone customer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.533-545
• /
• 2018

The aims of this study were to examine whether there are consumer segments that have a propensity to be deal prone in purchasing processed foods and to identify those characteristics of consumers that reflect their deal proneness. Thus, raw data from the Korea Consumer Attitude Survey was analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, and Tobit regression. The major findings are as follows. Individual deal proneness are different according to regional and socio-economic characteristics, and the lifestyle of the consumers also affects deal proneness. Socio-economic variables that have significant impacts on deal proneness for processed foods are residential areas, preferred lifestyle types, sex, age, educational background of the household head and type of store mostly used. With regard to lifestyle, it was found that consumers with a lifestyle that includes convenience, brand pursuit, and convenience are more likely to have a higher degree of deal proneness for processed foods. From the results based on different food groups, it was found that deal proneness for different food groups is affected by the areas, types of sales promotion, and socio-economic characteristics of the consumers. This result suggests that the differences in the consumption of processed foods and deal proneness are indicative for the need to use marketing strategies that consider the characteristics of consumers.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.429-439
• /
• 2013

The Korean Veterans' Pension Fund has previously pre-purchased Gibril Tower on Business Complex in Dubai, UAE, via a project-financed construction investment. Although the property is near completion, the investor syndicate's attempt to debt-finance due arrears was foiled in Dubai central bank's credit control of real estaterelated loans. Accordingly, the investment coordinator offered an additional capital injection, a collateralized leverage, and a maturity extension to the syndicate. If the syndicate rejects the offer, they may risk a nearcomplete capital loss and a possible default of the main contractor. Otherwise, the syndicate may still face uncertainties regarding interest receivables, principal re-payment, foreclosure, economic recession in Dubai, and the Islamic bond bill in the Korean Parliament. A possible exercise of the latter option may be due to the agency-prone nature of pension fund managers. Given these qualitative risk factors as at April 1, 2011, a real options approach-implied optimal decision suggests an extended and complete cash augmentation into the project finance deal.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
• /
• v.2 no.5
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1997

This paper introduces a new energy function, as maximum a posteriori(MAP) estimate of binocular disparity, that can deal with both random dot stereo-gram(RDS) and natural scenes. The energy function uses phase-magnitude as features to detect only the shift for a pair of corrupted conjugate images. Also we adopted Fleet singularity that effectively detects unstable areas of image plant and thus eliminates in advance error-prone stereo mathcing. The multi-scale concept is applied to the multi laser architecture that can search the solutions systematically from coarse to fine details and thereby avoids drastically the local minima. Using mean field approximation, we obtained a compact representation that is suitable for fast computation. In this manner, the energy function satisfies major natural constraints and requirements for implementing parallel relaxation. As an experiment, the proposed algorithm is applied to RDS and natural stereo images. As a result we will see that it reveals good performance in terms of recognition errors, parallel implementation, and noise characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2019

The aging of society is not only Korea's challenge but also a global issue. This leads to an increase in the number of elderly drivers who are much more prone to major traffic accidents. Therefore, we need a system to test aged drivers' driving abilities. As part of efforts to establish such a system, researchers of KoROAD. have conducted a study on the correlation between aging and driving abilities by analyzing old drivers' reaction time. The study shows that there was a sharp increase in reaction time for drivers aged 65 and over. The current reaction time of 2.5 secs for the 85 percent of eligible drivers needs to be revised upward in aging societies. From now on, we need to come up with the traffic safety measures that can deal with the issue of drivers of old age.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.613-616
• /
• 2011

Nowadays Web Services are one of the most rapidly developed technologies and have become platform for e-ecommerce as well as B2B model. Therefore, when Web Services use SOAP as a protocol for communication, their security should be considered. However, those SOAP messages are prone to XML attacks that can create a foundation for typical faults and make it vulnerable to use. Unfortunately, recent researches established that solutions to deal with these problems have several limitations. In this paper, we explore attacks on SOAP messages and also provide confidentiality and integrity solutions. It is a tolerant scheme which is able to automatically detect and fix typical faults occurred in SOAP messages to combat with the security threats in order to improve its reliability.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2016

Luminescent metallic clusters have attracted great interest due to their unique optical, electronic and chemical features. Comparing with intensively studied Au and Ag Clusters, Cu clusters are superior in the aspects of cost and wide industrial demanding. However, tiny copper clusters are extremely prone to aggregate and undergo susceptibility of oxidation, thereby the synthesis of fluorescent zero valent copper clusters is rather challenging. In this review, synthetic strategies towards luminescent copper clusters, including macromolecule-protection and micro molecule-capping, have been systematically surveyed. Both "bottom-up" and "top-down" synthetic routes are found to be effective in fabricating luminescent copper clusters, some of which are quite stable and possess decent luminescence quantum yields. In general, the synthesis of fluorescent copper clusters remains at its infant stage. A great deal of effort on developing novel and economic synthetic routes to produce bright and stable copper clusters is highly expected in future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.89 no.2
• /
• pp.199-211
• /
• 2024

The loading capacity of engineering structures/components reduces after the initiation and propagation of crack eventually leads to the final failure. Hence, it becomes essential to deal with the crack and its effects at the design and simulation stages itself, by detecting the prone area of the fracture. The phase-field (PF) method has been accepted widely in simulating fracture problems in complex geometries. However, most of the PF methods are formulated with second order continuity theoryinvolving C⁰ continuity. In the present study, PF method based on fourth-order (i.e., higher order) theory, maintaining C¹ continuity has been proposed for ductile fracture simulation. The formulation includes fourth-order derivative terms of phase field variable, varying between 0 and 1. Applications of fourth-order PF theory to ductile fracture simulation resulted in novelty in this area. The proposed formulation is numerically solved using a two-dimensional finite element (FE) framework in 3-layered manner system. The solutions thus obtained from the proposed fourth order theory for different benchmark problems portray the improvement in the accuracy of the numerical results and are well matched with experimental results available in the literature. These results are also compared with second-order PF theory and a comparison study demonstrated the robustness of the proposed model in capturing ductile behaviour close to experimental observations.