• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 1998

In order to minimize emission of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDD/PCDFs) from municipal solid waste incinerators, it is important to maintain optimized operating conditions along with the system modification/improvement. Operating conditions of MSW incinerator make very complicated influence on formation of PCDD/PCDFs in each unit apparatus. For revealing these influences, concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs are measured from the stack and from the fly ash, while monitoring the plant operating conditions. The effects are grouped into 3 main categories, combustion conditions, de Novo synthesis effects, and adsorption/destruction effects in the flue gas treatment system. Interpretation of the results showed that de Novo synthesis effect, reformation by metalic catalyst, especially Cu in fly ash in the temperature range of $250{\sim}500^{\circ}C$, is found to influence most dominantly on the concentration of PCDD/PCDFs. A plausible mathmatical model for predicting concentration of PCDD/PCDFs is proposed, and discussed.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2005

The effect of NaCl solution concentration (from 0 to 3 M) on the extraction of pectinesterase (PE) from jalapeno chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) was studied by determining its solubilization degree from the chili tissue. All concentrations of the salt favored the solubilization of PE in jalapeno chili pepper, compared to that in water. Maximum enzyme activity was obtained with NaCl 2.0 M. The effect of temperature on the PE activity of jalapeno chili pepper in the extracts was also studied. The PE residual activity of jalapeno pepper was 75% after 60 min of incubation at $55^{\circ}C$ and 10% at $75^{\circ}C$. At $85-95^{\circ}C$, PE residual activity was 5% after 5 min of incubation.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.211-228
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• 1986

Variations of dissolved oxygen were studied for two years in two brackish lakes, Etang de Berre and Etang de Vaine related to the north-west Mediteranean Sea. The variations also were studied at the same time in nearby seawater, and in the four main tributaries of Etang de Berre. The distributions of dissolved oxygen values and their spatio-temporal variations were well matched with the characteristics of the water masses in different environments. The concentration of dissolved oxygen and the rate of oxygen saturation in seawater (Carry-le-Rouet) ranged from 5.0 to 6.0 ml.1$\^$-1/, and from 95 to 105%, respectively. The amount of dissolved oxygen in Etang de Berre oscillated between 0.17 and 11.43 ml.1$\^$-1/ with an average of 7.40ml1$\^$-1/.The rate of oxygen saturation oscillated between 2.9 and 168.3%. Annual values of the four tributaries are as follows (ml.1$\^$-1/ and %): Durance:8.68 and 113.6;Arc : 6.87 and 95.3;Touloubre: 6.87 and 91.0;Durancole;6.36 and 96.8 The data for the evolutions of dissolved oxygen in Etang de Berre on the period between 1965 and 1978 are presented. A rather good negative correlation links oxygen with temperatures.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2002

Two aspartate aminoransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) isoenzymes (AAT-1 and AAT-2) from Lupinus albus L. cv Estoril were separated, purified, and characterized. The molecular weight, pI value, optimum pH, optimum temperature, and thermodynamic parameters for thermal inactivation of both isoenzymes were obtained. Studies of the kinetic mechanism, and the kinetics of product inhibition and high substrate concentration inhibition, were performed. The effect of some divalent ions and irreversible inhibitors on both AAT isoenzymes was also studied. Native PAGE showed a higher molecular weight for AAT-2 compared with AAT-1. AAT-1 appears to be more anionic than AAT-2, which was suggested by the anion exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE showed a similar sub-unit molecular weight for both isoenzymes. The optimum pH (between 8,0 and 9.0) and temperature ($60-65^{\circ}C$) were similar for both isoenzymes. In the temperature range of $45-65^{\circ}C$, AAT-2 has higher thermostability than AAT-1. Both isoenzymes showed a high affinity for keto-acid substrates, as well as a higher affinity to aspartate than glutamate. Manganese ions induced an increase in both AAT isoenzymes activities, but no cooperative effect was detected. Among the inhibitors tested, hydroxylamine affected both isoenzymes activity by an irreversible inhibition mechanism.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2016

Flexural bending analysis of perfect and imperfect functionally graded materials plates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading are investigated in this present paper. Due to technical problems during FGM fabrication, porosities and micro-voids can be created inside FGM samples which may lead to the reduction in density and strength of materials. In this investigation, the FGM plates are assumed to have even and uneven distributions of porosities over the plate cross-section. The modified rule of mixture is used to approximate material properties of the FGM plates including the porosity volume fraction. In order the elastic coefficients, thermal coefficient and moisture expansion coefficient of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. The elastic foundation is modeled as two-parameter Pasternak foundation. The equilibrium equations are given and a number of examples are solved to illustrate bending response of Metal-Ceramic plates subjected to hygro-thermo-mechanical effects and resting on elastic foundations. The influences played by many parameters are investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.2 s.257
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

A new method that optimizes a control of hydrocarbon (HC) addition to diesel exhaust gas for HC type DeNOx catalyst system has been developed. These catalysts are called the HC-DeHOx catalyst in this paper. The system using HC-DeNOx catalyst requires a resonable quantity of hydrocarbons addition in the inlet gas of the catalyst, because the HC concentration in a diesel engine is so low that the HC is not sufficient for NOx conversion. It is expected that this study offers a robust data developing HC injection system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.90-96
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• 1996

This paper examines the De-inking characteristics of mechanical methods using the newly developed De-inking machine along with experiments to enhance the manufacture of recycled kraft pulp with the addition of newspaper. This study concluded that : First, the De-Inking ratio was affected by shear stress and friction resistance operating In the stainless steel net. Second, the brightness improvement ratio was raised by 6.2% under the following conditions : 120rpm rotor speed, 2.18% concentration, using two treatment cycles. Third, it was shown that the tearing strength was improved by about 10 to 20% , and the tensile strength remained the same when recycled kraft pulp was added with 20% wasted paper. In sum, by these experiments we have proven that the performance of the newly developed De-inking machine can be improved.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.229-243
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• 2013

Coagulation-flocculation (CF) was tested coupled with an aerobic biofilter to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) concentration and toxicity from petrochemical wastewater. The efficiency of the process was followed using turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The biofilter was packed with a basaltic waste (tezontle) and inoculated with a bacterial consortium. Toxicity test were carried out using Lactuca sativa var. capitata seeds. Best results for turbidity removal were obtained using alum. Considerable turbidity removal was obtained when using Opuntia spp. COD removal with alum was 25%, for Opuntia powder it was 36%. The application of the biofilter allowed the removal of 70% of the remaining TPHs after 30 days with a biodegradation rate (BDR) value 47 $mgL^{-1}d^{-1}$. COD removal was slightly higher with BDR value 63 $mgL^{-1}d^{-1}$. TPH kinetics allowed a degradation rate constant equal to $4.05{\times}10^{-2}d^{-1}$. COD removal showed similar trend with $k=4.23{\times}10^{-2}d^{-1}$. Toxicity reduction was also successfully achieved by the combined treatment process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1738-1746
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of increasing amounts of Leucaena leucocephala forage on dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), enteric methane production, rumen fermentation pattern and protozoa population in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and housed in respiration chambers. Methods: Five crossbred heifers (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) (BW: $295{\pm}6kg$) were fed chopped P. purpureum grass and increasing levels of L. leucocephala (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of dry matter [DM]) in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design. Results: The voluntary intake and methane production were measured for 23 h per day in respiration chambers; molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined at 6 h postprandial period. Molar concentration of VFAs in rumen liquor were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, methane production decreased linearly (p<0.005), recording a maximum reduction of up to ~61% with 80% of DM incorporation of L. leucocephala in the ration and no changes (p>0.05) in rumen protozoa population were found. Conclusion: Inclusion of 80% of L. leucocephala in the diet of heifers fed low-quality tropical forages has the capacity to reduce up to 61.3% enteric methane emission without affecting DMI, OMI, and protozoa population in rumen liquor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 2-phenylethynyl-butyltellurium (PEBT) in Escherichia coli and the relation to its pro-oxidant effect. For this, we carried out the disk diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and survival curve analysis. We also measured the level of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and level of non-protein thiols (NPSH). PEBT at 1.28 and 0.128 mg/disk exhibited antimicrobial capability in the disk diffusion test, with an MIC value of 1.92 mg/ml, whereas PEBT at 0.96, 1.92, and 3.84 mg/ml inhibited bacterial growth after a 9-h exposure. PEBT at 3.84, 1.92, and 0.96 mg/ml increased extracellular ROS production, decreased the intracellular NPSH level, and reduced the SOD and CAT activities. Glutathione or ascorbic acid in the medium protected the bacterial cells from the antimicrobial effect of PEBT. In conclusion, PEBT exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli, involving the generation of ROS, oxidation of NPSH, and reduction of the antioxidant defenses in the bacterial cells.