• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, $X^2$ - test, t - test, F - test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t= -2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p= 0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F = 7.76, p = 0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents ( t = -2.73, p=0.0305), men(t= -4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F= 70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p= 0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 신체억제대를 적용한 치매노인 환자의 구체적인 특성과 부작용 발생 관련성을 파악하기 위함이었다. 2016년 5개 요양병원에서 치매노인에게 신체억제대를 적용한 간호사, 간호조무사, 요양보호사를 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 190개의 자료를 SPSS 21.0의 신뢰도 분석, 기술통계, 카이제곱검정으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 '75- 84세' 연령의 환자가 58.3%, 1일 총 적용시간 중 '17-24시간'인 환자가 22.6%, 밤에 적용한 환자가 57.4%, 낙상과거력이 없는 환자가 54.2%를 차지하였다. 연령은 국소부종, 관절구축과 관련성이 있으며 특히 85세 이상의 환자에서 관절구축의 발생빈도가 25%로 나타났다(p<.05). 보행능력은 욕창과 관련이 있었으나 걸을 수 없는 환자보다 걸을 수 있는 환자의 욕창 발생빈도가 오히려 더 많았다. 총 적용시간은 피부발적, 국소부종, 관절구축의 3가지 부작용과 관련성이 있음을 알 수 있었다(p<.05). 본 연구를 기초로 신체억제대를 적용한 환자 돌봄 시 연령과 총 적용시간을 고려한 접근이 필요함을 제언하는 바이다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.111-131
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• 2014

본 연구는 영유아의 스마트기기 사용에 대한 실태와 어머니의 인식에 대해 조사하고자 하며 이 연구를 통해 영유아기 자녀의 스마트기기 사용에 따른 문제점을 예방하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하기 위한 것이 목적이라고 할 수 있다. 부산광역시 소재한 유치원, 어린이집에 다니는 만 1세부터 만 5세까지의 영유아 자녀를 둔 어머니 397명을 대상으로 조사연구를 실시하였으며 수집한 자료는 Window용 PASW 18.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 각 문항별로 빈도와 백분율을 실시하였고, 변인별 차이를 알아보기 위해 빈도와 백분율 문항에 대해서는 카이검증 및 일원배치 분산분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 영유아 가정의 스마트기기 사용여부를 살펴본 결과 대부분이 스마트기기를 사용하고 있고 자녀가 원할 때는 사용을 허용하고 있었으며 집에서 잠들기 전 저녁시간에 오락적인 놀이를 위해서 사용하고 있다고 하였다. 둘째, 자녀의 성별, 기관유형, 연령에 상관없이 어머니들 모두 스마트기기의 유해한 부분 차단의 안전성을 가장 많이 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 어머니들은 스마트기기의 유해 부분을 차단하는 안전성 방안마련과 스마트기기를 학습에 도움이 되는 방향으로 사용하기를 원하고 있음을 볼 때 앞으로 자녀가 안전하게 스마트기기를 사용할 수 있고 교육의 효과도 극대화 할 수 있는 연구들이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to help the women with stress urinary incontinence lead more comfortable life, by letting them to do pelvic muscle exercise and to learn by direct experience the effect that urinary incontinence is controlled. The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 16 middle-aged women(over 38) with stress urinary incontinence. The study was conducted from August 1, to October 11, 1999. Women trained themselves for muscular strength and endurance, every the other day for each exercise for six weeks at home(that means each exercise for more than three days a week) in the pelvic muscle exercise program which was developed by Dougherty et al., and filled out exercise participation card every week. They visited laboratory once a week to get visual feedback, by means of Perineometer, of how the pelvic muscle exercise was going on. Stress Urinary Incontinence Scale that Lee, Young-Sook revised and supplemented Hendrickson's original scale was used for measuring the frequency and situation scores of urinary incontinence, "30 minute pad test" was carried out for measuring the amount of urinary incontinence, and Perineometer was used for measuring maximum vaginal contraction pressure. Percentage, mean, standard deviation and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for data analysis by means of SPSS/PC+ WIN 9.0 program. The results were summarized as follows : The hypothesis 1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly degree of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported. The hypothesis 1-1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly frequency of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.003). The hypothesis 1-2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the situation scores of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.044). The hypothesis 2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the amount of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.001). The hypothesis 3 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the maximum vaginal contraction pressure would increase compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.012). These results suggest that pelvic muscle exercise program has an effect on women with stress urinary incontinence in the degree and amount of urinary incontinence and maximum vaginal contraction pressure. So it is judged that training women with stress urinary incontinence for pelvic muscle exercise is an effective nursing intervention strategy in order to care urinary incontinence.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

이 연구는 노인장기요양보험제도가 시행되는 시점에서 구강위생상태가 개선되기 위한 우리나라 노인의 실정에 맞는 구강관리프로그램의 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하는 목적으로 실시하였다. 2007년 12월에서 2008년 6월까지 충북 목천에 있는 노인요양병원 한 곳의 노인환자 53명을 관리군으로 선정하여 구강검사 및 구강위생검사를 한 후, 간병인에게 잇솔질 교육과 의치관리교육을 실시하고, 교육 받은 간병인이 1일 1회 구강위생관리를 지도하도록 하였다. 대조군으로는 대구광역시 달성군 가창에 있는 노인요양병원의 노인환자 52명을 선정하여 관리군과 같은 조사를 실시하였다. 3개월간의 구강위생관리 실시 후, 구강관리의 효과를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 구강위생관리를 실시 전 대조군과 관리군의 일반적인 특성, 질병의 유병률, 구강상태, 구강위생상태에는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 치아우식증에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3개월 후의 두 군을 비교한 결과, 치면세균막점수는 구강관리 실시 후 관리군에서 19.0점 유의하게 감소하였고(P=0.01), 대조군에서는 1.2점 증가하였다(p=0.566). 구강관리 실시 전 치면세균막점수를 통제한 후 그 효과의 차이를 살펴본 결과 관리군과 대조군 간에 구강위생, 치면세균막 점수에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P=0.01). 구강위생상태의 변화는 대조군에서 치면세균막이 중등도 이상 발견된 비율이 82.7%에서 76.9%로 4.8%P 감소했고 관리군은 84.9%에서 58.5%로 26.4% 감소하여 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.004). 설태가 다량 발견된 비율은 대조군에서 90.4%에서 94.2%로 3.8% 증가했고, 관리군은 90.6%에서 59.1%로 31.5% 감소하여 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.001). 의치 오염도는 대조군에서 중등도 이상인 비율이 75%에서 78.8%로 3.8% 증가했고, 관리군은 73.6%에서 43.4%로 30.2% 감소하여 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p=0.001). 이 연구는 장기요양 노인 환자들에게 3개월 동안 간병인을 통한 구강관리를 시행한 결과, 구강위생상태가 개선됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 장기요양 노인환자에 대한 구강건강관리프로그램의 개발에 있어서 중요한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hand massage program on total sleep hours at night and satisfaction of sleep in clients with ischemic heart disease. The design utilized for this study was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects were fifty-four patients, twenty-eight for the experimental and twenty-six for the control group, who were admitted with ischemic heart disease at cardiac intensive care unit in K medical center of K university. This study was carried out from May, 1999 to March, 2000. Hand massage was carried out at $8{\sim}9$ PM, once a day for 3 days. Total sleep hours at night were measured from 9 PM through 6AM next morning. Sleep hours of subjects were observed 30 minutes interval. Satisfaction of sleep was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) at 7 AM next morning. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS PC program and analyzed using $X^2$-test and repeated measures of ANOVA. The result of this study are as follows : 1. The total sleep hours at night of the experimental group were not higher than those of the control group. 2. The satisfaction of sleep of the experimental group was not higher than that of the control group. In conclusion, hand massage did not promoted sleep in ICU clients with ischemic heart disease.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 1986

Recipients are an integral part of embryo transfer and they are expensive to maintain as a good recipient. Recipient management is one of the most important components in a successful embryo transfer program. Management includes selection and subsequent care of the animals. A good recipient is basically on "open" cows or heffers whose reproductive tract is capable of receiving one or two embryos and incubating it to term. Potential recipients should be always be healthy and cycling normally ranging from 18 to 23 days. A thorough veterinary examination is recommended for candidate of recipients and cattle for questionable health should be eliminated from the recipient herd. Age and size of recipients are particularly important considerations when heifers are used, because of most embryos available for transfer are from large dams and sires. Body condition can influence a recipient's production, reproduction and health. Obese and underconditioned cattle should be avoided for use. Transfer of fresh embryos especially requires precise synchronization of donors and recipients. For estrus synchronization, PGF$_2$$\alpha$ is injected twice 10 to 12 days apart and short4erm progestagen treatment is applied to potential recipient cattle by coil into vagina (PRID) or ear implant (Synchro-Mate-B). The highest pregnancy results are achieved in recipients at exact synchrony with donors or 12 to 24 hr earlier than donors. Estrus detection is a major factor in breeding efficiency. High accuracy can be achieved by use of heat mount detection alds or by obserbing cattle for 30-minute peroids 3 times daily. Assay progesterone in milk can be used to discrIminate between pregnant and nonprenant recipients. Rectal palpation on day 35 to 70 after is an accurate and safe method of pregnancy diagnosis. Embryonic mortality in recipients may be associated with factors such as high environmental temperature and nutritional or lactational stress in early lactation period. Achievement of short calving interval requires concentrated management activity during the first 90 days following calving. Acceptable candidate for a recipient should be routinely vaccinated for infectious diseases. Proper nutritional programs according to NRC requirements and body condition scoring system for recipient cattles are vital to the ultimate success of an embryo transfer program.r program.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health behaviors of child users of local children's centers before and after receiving oral health education in an effort to develop a well-organized oral health education program. METHOD : The subjects in this study were the elementary school students who used 13 different local children's centers in the city of Busan. The questionnaire was intended for children and consisted of 31 items, which were four about eating food, three about washing hands, two about smoking, five about toothbrushing and dental clinic visit, five about tooth damage and dental pain, seven about knowledge and awareness of dental health and six about dental health attitude. RESULT : 1. The rate of the children who replied they didn't brush their teeth on the previous day stood at 5.8 percent before the program, and this rate rose to 13.0 percent after that. The differences were significant(p=0.026). 2. The rate of the former after the program stood at 61 percent, and that of the latter stood at 39 percent. The differences were statistically significant(p=0.019). CONCLUSION : The oral health behaviors were investigated before and after oral health education was provided, and this education was found not to be sufficient enough to change their oral health care. So it seems necessary to increase the frequency of oral health education by providing it twice a year. In addition, oral health education programs geared toward teachers in local children's centers who spend time with children should additionally be strengthened to offer more education to these children.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of the Oral Health Education Program (OHEP) on the change in the children's brushing behavior and reduction in the dental plaque index (PI) and to identify changes in their parents' perception of oral health. Methods: The OHEP was applied 44 children recruited from two childcare centers. We conducted a self-reported survey of the parents at baseline and evaluated the oral conditions of the children at baseline and after 5 weeks. Their brushing behavior was assessed once a week during the OHEP intervention period and daily at home thereafter. We measured the PI after a 12-week follow-up and performed repeated measures analysis of varience. Results: The average PI score of children significantly decreased at week 5 as compared to the baseline (1.90±0.53, p<0.001), despite a substantial increase in week 12 (2.67±0.08, p<0.001). OHEP was effective in reducing the PI score and modifying their brushing behavior. Conclusions: OHEP effectively modified the brushing the behavior of the children. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and expand a systematic oral health education program to promote self-management of oral health in children.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.390-398
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• 2024

Background: In this study, we examined the impact of a patient blood management (PBM) program on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices in cardiothoracic surgery. Methods: The PBM program had 3 components: monitoring transfusions through an order communication system checklist, educating the medical team about PBM, and providing feedback to ordering physicians on the appropriateness of transfusion. The retrospective analysis examined changes in the hemoglobin levels triggering transfusion and the proportions of appropriate RBC transfusions before, during, and after PBM implementation. Further analysis was focused on patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with outcomes including 30-day mortality, durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays, and rates of pneumonia, sepsis, and wound complications. Results: The study included 2,802 patients admitted for cardiothoracic surgery. After the implementation of PBM, a significant decrease was observed in the hemoglobin threshold for RBC transfusion. This threshold dropped from 8.7 g/dL before PBM to 8.3 g/dL during the PBM education phase and 8.0 g/dL during the PBM feedback period. Additionally, the proportion of appropriate RBC transfusions increased markedly, from 23.9% before PBM to 34.9% and 58.2% during the education and feedback phases, respectively. Among the 381 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, a significant reduction was noted in the length of hospitalization over time (p<0.001). However, other clinical outcomes displayed no significant differences. Conclusion: PBM implementation effectively reduced the hemoglobin threshold for RBC transfusion and increased the rate of appropriate transfusion in cardiothoracic surgery. Although transfusion practices improved, clinical outcomes were comparable to those observed before PBM implementation.