• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2012

본 연구는 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성과 가족의 부담감을 파악하고 그 관계를 규명하여 노인 환자와 가족을 위한 간호중재를 개발하는데 기초 자료를 마련하고자 시도되었다. 연구 대상자는 서울지역에 소재한 3차 의료기관 신장내과에 등록되어 외래를 방문한 만 65세 이상의 노인 복막투석 환자 50명과 그 가족 50명이며, 자료수집기간은 2011년 4월 4일부터 15일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 12.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 대상자의 의존성은 평균 139.6점이었고, 가족의 부담감은 평균 84.2점이었으며, 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성은 가족의 부담감과 통계적으로 유의한 순상관관계(r=.61, p=.000)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해, 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성은 높은 수준이며, 이들을 돌보는 가족의 부담감도 매우 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 노인 복막투석 환자의 의존성과 가족의 부담감을 감소시킬 수 있는 간호중재를 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2663-2667
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• 2012

Objectives: An attempt was made to understand the nicotine dependence of smokers selected for an ongoing smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala, India. Methods: Data were collected from resident males in the age group of 18 to 60 years from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district (2 intervention and 2 control groups). Trained accredited social health activist workers were utilised to collect data from all groups through face to face interview. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) translated into the local language. The internal consistency of FTND was computed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Criterion validity (concurrent) was assessed by correlations of nicotine dependence scores with age at initiation of smoking and cumulative smoking volume in pack-years. Results: Among the 928 smokers identified, 474 subjects were in the intervention area (mean age = 44.6 years, SD = 9.66 years) and 454 in the control area (mean age = 44.5 years, SD = 10.30 years). The overall FTND score among current daily smokers was 5.04 (SD: 5.05). FTND scores in the control and intervention areas were 4.75 (SD: 2.57) and 4.92 (SD: 2.51) respectively. The FTND scores increased with age and decreased with higher literacy and socioeconomic status. The average FTND score was high among smokers using both bidi and cigarettes (mean 6.10, SD 2.17). Internal consistency analysis yielded a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70 in a subsample of 150 subjects, a moderate result. The association of the scale was strongest, with the number of pack-years smoked (rho = 0.677, p < 0.001). Conclusion: A moderate level of nicotine dependence was observed among smokers in the current study. Tobacco cessation strategies could be made more cost effective and productive if a baseline assessment of nicotine dependence is completed before any intervention.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.837-848
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• 2024

It is shown in [1] that the Cauchy problem for the Fornberg-Whitham equation is well-posed in C¹(ℝ) and the data-to-solution map is Hölder continuous from C^α to C([0, T]; C^α) with α ∈ [0, 1). In this short paper, we further show that the data-to-solution map of the Fornberg-Whitham equation is not uniformly continuous on the initial data in C¹(ℝ).

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 데이타 의존성과 벡터왜곡척도를 이용하여 개선된 칼라영상을 복호화하였다. 프랙탈칼라영상의 복원방법은 Zhang과 Po의 벡터왜곡척도를 이용한 RGB 칼라 성분간의 상관관계를 고려하여 부호화한 압축파일을 사용하여 수렴 될 복원영상을 부호화시 만들어진 변환표의 정보를 바탕으로 참조된 정 의 역 부분이 기존의 독립적인 반복변환에 의해 수렴되었고 참조되지 않은 부분의 정의역은 데이타의존성을 갖는 영역으로 이미 수렴된 부분에 존재하므로 마지막 반복변환시 한번만에 복호화가 가능하다. 데이타의존성 부분이 차지 하는 만큼 복호화 과정에서 불필요한 계산량이 제거되었고, R영역에서 검색한 데이타 의존영역을 G,B영역에 그대로 사용하여 고속복호화가 가능하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5483-5488
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• 2012

Background: Although nicotine dependence plays a role as a main barrier for smoking cessation, there is still a lack of solid evidence on the validity of biomarkers to determine nicotine dependence in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary cotinine levels could reflect the severity of nicotine dependence in active smokers. Materials and Methods: Data regarding general characteristics and smoking status was collected using a self-administered smoking questionnaire. The Fagerstr$\ddot{o}$m test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was used to determine nicotine dependence of the participants, and a total of 381 participants were classified into 3 groups of nicotine dependence: low (n=205, 53.8%), moderate (n=127, 33.3%), and high dependence groups (n=49, 12.9%). Stepwise multiple linear regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were used to determine the validity of urinary cotinine for high nicotine dependence. Results: In correlation analysis, urinary cotinine levels increased with FTND score (r=0.567, P<0.001). ROC curves analysis showed that urinary cotinine levels predicted the high-dependence group with reasonable accuracy (optimal cut-off value=1,000 ng/mL; AUC=0.82; P<0.001; sensitivity=71.4%; specificity=74.4%). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, the total smoking period (${\beta}$=0.042, P=0.001) and urinary cotinine levels (${\beta}$=0.234, P<0.001) were positively associated with nicotine dependence, whereas an inverse association was observed between highest education levels (>16 years) and nicotine dependence (${\beta}$=-0.573, P=0.034). Conclusions: The results of this study support the validity of using urinary cotinine levels for assessment of nicotine dependence in active smokers.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2002

데이타 병렬 모델은 대규모 병렬성을 용이하게 얻을 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 데이타 분산으로 인한 통신 지연시간은 상당한 부담이 된다. 본 논문에서는 데이타 병렬 프로그램에 내재되어 있는 태스크 병렬성을 추출하여 이러한 통신 지연시간을 감추는데 이용할 수 있음을 보인다. 기존의 태스크 병렬성 추출은 데이타 병렬성을 고려하지 않았지만, 여기서는 데이타 병렬성을 그대로 유지하면서 태스크 병렬성을 활용하는 방법에 대해 설명한다. 데이타 병렬 루프를 포함할 수 있는 다수의 태스크 스레드들로 구성된 다중스레드 프로그램을 표현하기 위해 본 논문에서는 PCFG(Parallel Control Flow Graph)라는 표현 형태를 제안한다. PCFG는 단일 스레드인 원시 데이타 병렬 프로그램으로부터 HDG(Hierarchical Dependence Graph)를 통해 생성될 수 있으며, 또한 PCFG로부터 다중스레드 코드를 쉽게 생성할 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.1039-1055
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of physical self-concept and sportswear dependence on psychological happiness for women over 20 years of age who participate in life sports. Survey questionnaires were developed and implemented to collect data. Three hundred and thirty nine responses were analyzed to test the structural equation model using SPSS 21.0 and Amos 21. The results were as follows. First, physical selfconcept had a significant positive effect on psychological happiness and sportswear dependence mediated the relationship between them. Second, sports competence had a significant effect on psychological happiness and sportswear dependence respectively. Third, appearance satisfaction did not significantly affect psychological happiness and had a significant positive effect on sportswear dependence. Fourth, physical strength satisfaction did not affect psychological happiness and sportswear dependence. Fifth, health condition had a significant positive effect on psychological happiness and negatively influenced sportswear dependency. In conclusion, physical self-concept and sportswear dependence plays an important role in psychological happiness that requires a differentiated marketing strategy in the sportswear market.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the smartphone use patterns of smartphone-dependent children. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were derived from the 2017 survey on smartphone over-dependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Information Society Agency. The study sample was 595 elementary school students identified as being smartphone-dependent. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, the independent t-test, the x² test, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The frequency of smartphone use was the factor strongly associated with more severe smartphone dependence in participants. Games were the most commonly used application type among participants, regardless of their degree of dependence. More severe smartphone dependence was associated with greater use of applications such as learning and television/video. Conclusion: As smartphone dependence becomes more severe, children tend to use their smartphones more frequently and to use applications that involve solitary play for the purposes of entertainment and pleasure. The findings suggest that the parents should attentively monitor their children's smartphone use patterns and provide consistent discipline in a way that ensures appropriate smartphone use.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

Purpose - The main feature of this study is understanding of the vendor's opportunism on the collaboration context between buyer and vendor from the buyer's viewpoint with resource dependence theory. A number of studies on opportunism have focused on opportunistic definitions and its theoretical studies. Other researches emphasize the importance of governance in ways that reduce opportunism. We think that this research could be filled with the lack of previous studies. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to accomplish research purpose, four hypotheses have been established based on the framework of resource dependence theory and previous studies. And we have used 599 survey data jointly collected by Korea Productivity Center and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. To verify these hypothesis, we have conducted multiple regression analysis with SPSS 23.0. Results - The vendor 's opportunism decreases as mutual trust with buyer becomes higher. However, as the degree of dependence of buyers on vendor resources increases, vendor's opportunism increases. And monitoring vendor's capacity has a moderating effect with buyer resource dependency to vendor's opportunism. Conclusions - This study suggest there are two options to decrease vendor's opportunism. Increasing mutual trust or decrease dependence on vendor's resources. Also, monitoring suppler's capacity could be effective when vendor's resource dependence is high.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2018

Purpose - The Korean university education system is facing innovation and change, including cooperation between industry and university, Therefore It is important to activate the industry-university cooperation. This paper aims to demonstrate the factors that activate industry-university cooperation, particularly about the voluntary participation induction by industry and researching in path dependency perspectives. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this research were companies that are aware of the industry-university cooperation program. This research hypothesis is derived from the literature of previous studies of industry-university cooperation, This study have constructs that was defined operationally with reference to previous studies, this research model design to figure out structural relationship among technology leadership of university, university specialization, local network strength, fixation of local economy, recognition of path dependence, participation by industry, performance of industry-university cooperation. From 2017 July. 1 to Sept. 31, questionnaire survey targeting company staff who is involving in industry-university cooperation. 257 questionnaire survey had conducted. 249 investigated data were used for empirical analysis except wrong data. This data were used for AMOS(structural equation) & Regression statistics to verify hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The results of this study are as follows. First, technology leadership of universities has a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. University specialization has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. Second, local network strength has significant effect on voluntary participation by industry. but fixation of local economy does not affect voluntary participation by industry. Third, recognition of path dependence has moderating effect between Independent(university, company characteristics) and dependent variables(voluntary participation by industry) When recognition level of path dependence is high, preceding factors have a significant effect on voluntary participation by industry than recognition level of path dependence is low. As a result, the degree of recognition of path dependence was shown important variables that induce voluntary participation of industry for industry-university cooperation program. Conclusions - This study suggests that voluntary participation of industry is a very important factor in the achievement of industry-university cooperation. Recognition of interdependence as well as leading factors that encourage voluntary participation of industry is also just as important. If recognition of path dependence was high, Industry's voluntary participation was high.