• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.447-452
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• 2019

This study was conducted in 2016-2017 to provide the basic ecological data needed to establish environmental conditions for the cultivation of wild vegetables. It used TWINSPAN to classify the vegetation structure of natural habitats of wild vegetable nationwide and DCCA ordination to analyze the correlation between the by community structure and environmental factors. We performed TWINSPAN on 100 taxa with high importance values in 91 plots of major habitats of wild vegetables. The vegetation was classified into Cirsium setidens and Synurus deltoides group, Ligularia fischeri and Hemerocallis fulva group, Adenophora divaricata var. manshurica group, Platycodon grandiflorum and Aster scaber group, Aralia elata and Pteridium aquilinum group, and Pimpinella brachycarpa and Osmunda japonica group communities. We then performed DCCA ordination of 11 communities classified by TWINSPAN and 11 environmental factors. The results showed that the altitude had the strongest correlation with the vegetation. The Cirsium setidens, Synurus deltoids, and Lifularia fischeri communities were distributed in areas with similar environmental factors such as high altitude, gentle slope, and nutrient. The Aralia elata and Osmunda japonica communities were distributed in the location environment with low altitude, pH, O.M, T-N, $Ca^{2+}$, and C.E.C. The Hemerocallis fulva community was distributed in the location environment with moderate northeastern and northwestern slope, low altitude and pH, and high $P_2O_5$, whereas the Adenophora divaricata var. manshurica community was distributed in the location environment with gentle southeastern and southwestern slope, high altitude and pH, and low $P_2O_5$, which was the opposite tendency of the location environment from Hemerocallis fulva community. The Platycodon grandiflorum community was distributed in the location environment with gentle southwestern slope, low altitude, pH, O.M, T-N, $P_2O_5$, $Ca^{2+}$, and C.E.C., and high $Mg^{2+}$. The Pteridium aquilinum community was distributed in the location environment with southwestern slope, low altitude, O.M, T-N, C.E.C, $P_2O_5$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $K^+$. The Aster scaber and Pimpinella brachycarpa communities were widely distributed in many plots with various location environments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.525-538
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the habitat status and species diversity of benthic diatoms and estimate the applicability of TDI (Trophic Diatom Index) to obtain the basic data for the identification and management of created wetlands in the Nakdong River. We observed a total of 38 families and 173 species of benthic diatom during the survey period, and spring and autumn showed a similar number of species of 156 and 154, respectively. The result of the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) analysis showed that the distribution of benthic diatom was sensitive to environmental factors such as nutrient concentration and rainfall in each wetland. The cluster 1 was characterized by the survey sites of autumn mostly and consisted of points of high TDI, although the nutrients such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen were low, and the species number and abundance of diatoms were low. Conversely, cluster 4 was characterized by the survey sites of spring mostly and consisted of points of low TDI, even though total nitrogen was high. Considering that most of the created wetlands had the reduced inflow and outflow, the increased flow rate in the summer lowers nutrient values in autumn, and the species number and abundance of benthic diatom decreases due to the increase of turbidity, which reduces the light penetrations to the substrates. On the contrary, the TDI value is low in spring because the low water level causes insufficient substrate surface to the benthic diatoms, and it is too early for the establishment and development of saprophilous species. Although various studies have used TDI as an indicator for evaluating the habitat environment and water quality, it is not a good evaluation indicator in this study since the nutrient concentration in the wetlands mostly high as they have a low flow rate and are close to the stagnant area. Nevertheless, additional periodic surveys that comprehensively reflect the fact that the summer rainfall and inflow/outflow regulating function might affect the species diversity and distribution of benthic diatoms are necessary.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.617-634
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of between earthquakes and fluctuation of water level in a groundwater well of the active-fault zone and 124 national groundwater monitoring wells in Gyeongju area. The spatial and temporal relationships between the fluctuation of water level and the earthquake were analyzed by the calculation of earthquake effectiveness (ε) and q-factor which are the function of earthquake magnitude and distance from epicenter. Two earthquake events of E1 (April 22, 2019, M 3.8) and E2 (June 11, 2019, M 2.5) show a close relationship with a post-seismic 83 cm decrease and a pre-seismic 76 cm increase in water level at the active fault zone of Dangu-ri, respectively. The spatial analysis of water level fluctuation data in National Groundwater Monitoring Networks caused by earthquake events shows a more distinct response in deep groundwater around fault zones than other area, and a greater change in deep groundwater than shallow groundwater. It's inferred that the decrease and increase in groundwater level are affected by the expansion of fractures and compression of rock mass due to seismic stress, respectively. The effective ranges of ε-value and q-factor of the monitoring well in Dangu-ri were calculated as 2.70E-10~5.60E-10 and 14.4~18.0, respectively.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.109-130
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• 2022

The Vietnamese government has proposed contract farming through a new type of cooperative as an institutional innovation which aims to restructure the agricultural sector. However, policy changes often impact farmers, who bear the primary effects of the transition process. Understanding households' strategies for land use and livelihood is crucial for policymaking in the agricultural development field. This study was conducted in the rural Binh Dao commune in Central Vietnam. We analyzed household members' labor force changes and their livelihood behaviors after their participation in a contract farming scheme using qualitative analysis methods combined with geographic information system (GIS) support, based on secondary data and in-depth interviews of 190 farmers. Simultaneously, we created a digital map of the cooperative's production area to investigate changes in land use and production activities. The findings show that contract farming shaped the vertical coordination of the value chain from the farmers to the cooperative and agricultural product trading companies. Subsequently, it encouraged land use and labor efficiency due to mechanical support. In addition, it also increased productivity and protected farmers from market risks. However, despite its positive effects on agricultural productivity in this case, the contract farming scheme could not achieve the restructuring of the rural labor force toward non-agricultural sectors. Ironically, farmers in the Binh Dao commune tended to increase cultivable land during the agricultural restructuring program, rather than switching their labor forces to non-agricultural sectors. The lack of stable non-farming job opportunities in rural Vietnam results in challenges to the efficiency of agricultural restructuring programs. Consequently, farmers in the Binh Dao commune are still smallholder farmers, depending on the family labor force.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.23-48
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• 2021

The Korean economy has achieved continuous economic growth for the past several decades thanks to the government's export strategy policy. This increase in exports is playing a leading role in driving Korea's economic growth by improving economic efficiency, creating jobs, and promoting technology development. Traditionally, the main factors affecting Korea's exports can be found from two perspectives: economic factors and industrial structural factors. First, economic factors are related to exchange rates and global economic fluctuations. The impact of the exchange rate on Korea's exports depends on the exchange rate level and exchange rate volatility. Global economic fluctuations affect global import demand, which is an absolute factor influencing Korea's exports. Second, industrial structural factors are unique characteristics that occur depending on industries or products, such as slow international division of labor, increased domestic substitution of certain imported goods by China, and changes in overseas production patterns of major export industries. Looking at the most recent studies related to global exchanges, several literatures show the importance of cultural aspects as well as economic and industrial structural factors. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a forecasting model by considering cultural factors along with economic and industrial structural factors in calculating the import volume of each country from Korea. In particular, this study approaches the influence of cultural factors on imports of Korean products from the perspective of PUSH-PULL framework. The PUSH dimension is a perspective that Korea develops and actively promotes its own brand and can be defined as the degree of interest in each country for Korean brands represented by K-POP, K-FOOD, and K-CULTURE. In addition, the PULL dimension is a perspective centered on the cultural and psychological characteristics of the people of each country. This can be defined as how much they are inclined to accept Korean Flow as each country's cultural code represented by the country's governance system, masculinity, risk avoidance, and short-term/long-term orientation. The unique feature of this study is that the proposed final prediction model can be selected based on Design Principles. The design principles we presented are as follows. 1) A model was developed to reflect interest in Korea and cultural characteristics through newly added data sources. 2) It was designed in a practical and convenient way so that the forecast value can be immediately recalled by inputting changes in economic factors, item code and country code. 3) In order to derive theoretically meaningful results, an algorithm was selected that can interpret the relationship between the input and the target variable. This study can suggest meaningful implications from the technical, economic and policy aspects, and is expected to make a meaningful contribution to the export support strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises by using the import forecasting model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

This study examined the dietary fiber content of potato and physicochemical characteristics of potato starch isolated from various cultivars. The total dietary fiber content of the Arirang1ho cultivar was 6.30%, which was higher than that of other cultivars. The amylose content ranged from 36.76-55.75%, with Sooseon having the highest amylose content. Analysis of the degree of amylopectin polymerization revealed that all cultivars had a high proportion of DP (degree of polymerization) 13-24. The phosphate content ranged from 45.90-84.23 mg/100 g, with Arirang1ho having the highest and Eunseon having the lowest phosphate content. The resistant starch content ranged from 58.94-79.87%. Geumseon showed the highest breakdown in the range of 587.45-1,129.72 RVU (rapid viscosity unit). Sooseon had the lowest gelatinization enthalpy value for potato starch in the range of 5.54-7.64 J/g. These results provide basic data for the use of potatoes in industrial applications.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 2023

This study investigated the utilization and satisfaction of lunchboxes according to food-related lifestyle. A sample of 819 adults who regularly purchased lunchboxes were studied. This study can provide basic data for effective menu development. The participants of the study were classified into 4 groups: a 'taste-seeking group', an 'economy-seeking group', 'a convenience-seeking group', and a 'health-seeking group'. The purchase price of lunchboxes was in the range of 3,500 to 4,000 won. The 'health-seeking group' was shown to spend the highest amount on lunchboxes, over 5,100 won. Information about lunchboxes was obtained primarily through convenience stores followed by Internet SNS (p<0.05). Most participants considered nutritional value when purchasing a lunchbox (p<0.001), of which protein, caloric, and sodium content were perceived as important. Moreover, lunchboxes with clean and hygienic aesthetics were preferred amongst the 'health-seeking group' (p<0.01). The 'economy-seeking group' had a higher satisfaction linked with taste (3.66) and quantity (3.60, p<0.001). Furthermore, in terms of the satisfaction with a menu variety the 'health-seeking group' showed the highest satisfaction with a score of 3.76, while the 'convenience-seeking group' ranked the lowest satisfaction with a score of 3.46 (p<0.05). All groups were satisfied with the convenience for purchasing lunchbox (p<0.001). Additionally, most participants preferred white rice (p<0.001) and meat (p<0.01) with cooked by fried and grilled. Lastly, in the content of the lunchbox use in the future, most participants indicated the intent for continuous use (p<0.01) and recommendation to others with the reason for the low price (19.2%) in the 'economy-seeking group', fresh ingredients (16.2%) in the 'convenience-seeking group', and nutritive (17.3%) in the 'health-seeking group', as well as for the convenience of purchase in the overall groups. Taken together, 'taste' and 'convenience' were the most important factors for all groups, while 'nutrition of food' and 'addition of condiments' scored relatively low on the satisfaction in all groups. Therefore, we recommend for the growth of the convenience store lunchbox market, that it is necessary to improve the quality of the lunchbox by developing various menus based on lifestyle group and fortifying nutrition.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-263
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of growth orientation, life satisfaction, perceived stress, positive psychological capital and interpersonal relationships in the group coaching program for the promotion of growth orientation for university students based on the model of the social-cognitive approach to motivation. The program consisted of eight topics: growth orientation, growth mindset and brain plasticity, self-directed goal setting, talent which is a product of ongoing effort, failure attitude and perspective change, positive emotion, thinking and behavior, value of growth orientation and self-coaching, respectively. The program comprised a total of eight sessions, 120 minutes each, and the final program was completed through a preliminary experiment with three university students. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, 48 university students were divided into 16 in the experimental group, 16 in the comparative group, and 16 in the control group. The experimental group participated in the group coaching program to enhance the growth orientation based on the model of the social-cognitive approach to motivation developed in this study, the comparative group participated in a learning goal orientation improvement program based on an incremental implicit theory, and the control group did not carry out any program. Three groups were tested in pre, post, follow-up1(after 1 month) and follow-up2(after 3 months) in order to growth orientation, life satisfaction, perceived stress, positive psychological capital and interpersonal relationships. We performed analysis to confirm the homogeneity to the data of the three groups and to verify the interaction effects between times and groups. As a result, it was confirmed that the group coaching program to promote growth orientation, life satisfaction, perceived stress, positive psychological capital and interpersonal relationships had statistically significant effect and was more effective than the comparative program due to the larger effective size. Also, we confirmed that the coaching effect was sustained after the program was finished and more effectively maintained than the comparative program. Based on the results of this study, this study has academic implications because it verify the effectiveness of the group coaching for the promotion of the growth orientation by scient ic method.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2023

Background: In modern society, the importance of Public Design has become increasingly significant in contributing to the enhancement of urban functionality and the quality of life of citizens. Smart Public Facilities have played a pivotal role in enriching user experience by improving accessibility, convenience, and safety, and in elevating the value of the city. This research recognizes the importance of Public Facilities and explores the potential of Smart Public Facilities in solving urban challenges and progressing towards sustainable and Inclusive cities. Method: The literature review comprehensively examines existing theories and research results on Smart Public Facilities. The case study analyzes actual examples of Smart Public Facilities implemented in cities both domestically and internationally, drawing out effects, user satisfaction, and areas for improvement. Through analysis and discussion, the results of the case studies are evaluated, discussing the potential development of Smart Public Facilities. Results: Smart Public Facilities have been found to bring positive changes in various aspects such as urban management, energy efficiency, safety, and information accessibility. In terms of urban management, they play a crucial role in optimization, social Inclusiveness, environmental protection, fostering citizen participation, and promoting technological innovation. These changes create a new form of urban space, combining physical space and digital technology, enhancing the quality of life in the city. Conclusion: This research explores the implications, current status, and functions of Smart Public Facilities in service and design aspects, and their impact on the urban environment and the lives of citizens. In conclusion, Smart Public Facilities have brought about positive changes in the optimization of urban management, enhancement of energy efficiency, increased information accessibility, User-Centric design, increased interaction, and social Inclusiveness. Technological innovation and the integration of Public Facilities have made cities more efficient and proactive, enabling data-based decision-making and optimized service delivery. Such developments enable the creation of new urban environments through the combination of physical space and digital technology. The advancement of Smart Public Facilities indicates the direction of urban development, where future cities can become more intelligent, proactive, and User-Centric. Therefore, they will play a central role in Public Design and greatly contribute to improving the urban environment and the quality of life of citizens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

By comparing and analyzing the effects of the 2013 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo and the 2023 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo, designated as Korea's first national garden, this study aims to present basic data for the future operation direction and sustainability strategy. First, in both fairs, satisfaction throughout the event was high, 4.0 or higher. In particular, the satisfaction level of the 2023 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo was higher than that of the 2013 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo. As the longest international event held since the COVID-19 pandemic, it reflected the citizens' demand for healing and recharging in natural spaces. Second, as a result of comparing the types of perceptions that affected satisfaction, it was found that economic, environmental, and ecological types commonly affected satisfaction at the 2013 and 2023 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo. The 2013 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo established the brand value as an "ecological city" by creating a garden in the city center along with an ecological resource called Suncheon Bay. In addition, the 2023 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo expanded the scope of the garden to the entire city center. It also attempted to create a city where humans and nature coexist by realizing values, such as responding to climate change and carbon neutrality. In other words, one of the ways to secure urban competitiveness is to attract corporate investment and tourists and build a differentiated brand in Suncheon by promoting the 2023 fair based on the potential ecological values of the region after the 2013 Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo. Therefore, if the Suncheon Bay International Garden Expo continues to develop environmental and ecological content and programs in line with changes in society and tries to establish itself in citizens' perception through cooperation with local governments and residents, it will be able to establish its identity and brand power.